环氧/聚二甲基硅氧烷/MCM-41超疏水涂层的制备与性能研究

针对常规超疏水涂层制备工艺繁琐等问题，以介孔SiO₂纳米颗粒(MCM-41)为填料和载体，聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为低表面能改性剂，环氧树脂及其固化剂为成膜物，采用喷涂法制备了超疏水涂层。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、接触角测量仪、拉伸试验机对其表面形貌、结构、疏水性及附着力进行表征。重点考察了PDMS改性的MCM-41(MCM-41/PDMS)和树脂基体质量比对涂层性能的影响。结果表明：当MCM-41/PDMS质量分数为55%，可以得到涂层疏水性(接触角150°，滚动角9°)和附着力(7.33 MPa)的最佳匹配，涂层经过胶带剥离300次和磨损150周期后，水接触角仍大于150°。     

超支化分散剂对PP/CaCO3性能的影响

以12-羟基硬脂酸、Boltorn H20超支化聚酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料,合成超支化分散剂（HBD）,研究了HBD处理CaCO₃粉体后对PP/CaCO₃结构与性能的影响。结果表明,经HBD处理CaCO₃粉体后的PP/CaCO₃的冲击强度、弯曲强度分别比未处理的提高了52.8%和22%,加入少量HBD也有利于提高PP/CaCO₃的热性能。     

模板法制备多孔超疏水SiO2/PDMS海绵及油水分离应用

以水玻璃为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了超疏水二氧化硅(SiO₂)气凝胶,将超疏水SiO₂气凝胶与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)均匀混合,并引入蔗糖和葡萄糖作为模板制备了超疏水SiO₂/PDMS海绵。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对其微观形貌和成分进行表征;利用接触角测量仪表征其润湿性能。同时,以油水混合物为模型污染物,研究了SiO₂气凝胶掺量及糖的比例对海绵吸附性能的影响。结果表明：制备的SiO₂/PDMS海绵具有超疏水亲油性,水接触角(WCA)高达152.1°,且在模拟油水吸附实验中具有良好的去除效果;对植物油和泵油的去除率分别为98%和95%,且经过20次的重复油水分离实验后,SiO₂/PDMS海绵的吸附容量和接触角均未发生明显变化,仍具有较好的疏水性能。     

水性环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合疏水涂层的制备及性能研究

用氨基硅油（ APDMS）改性水性环氧树脂（ EP）得到疏水性的环氧树脂乳液（ APDMS-EP）;用 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（ FAS）与纳米 SiO₂反应得到氟改性纳米 SiO₂（F-SiO₂）。采用不同比例的 F-SiO₂与 APDMS-EP进行复配,室温固化制备疏水涂层,并对 F-SiO₂的结构进行了表征,研究了 F-SiO₂用量对涂层的接触角、铅笔硬度、附着力、热稳定性及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明： APDMS的引入使水性环氧树脂涂层的水接触角从 47.3°提高到 97.7°;加入 F-SiO₂后涂层疏水性进一步提高,当加入 15%的 F-SiO₂时,涂层对水和丙三醇的接触角分别为 120.3°和 104.5°,F-SiO₂的加入也增强了涂层的防腐性能。     

超疏水SiO2@OTES自清洁涂层的制备及性能

以纳米二氧化硅颗粒、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(OTES)和硅烷偶联剂KH560为前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了超疏水SiO₂@OTES自清洁涂层。在酸性催化剂及有机溶剂中,OTES、KH560将纳米颗粒表面由亲水改性为疏水。探究了纳米SiO₂、OTES、KH560三种原材料含量对超疏水涂层润湿性能的影响。结果表明,当掺杂3.5 g纳米SiO₂,8%的OTES与2%的KH560时,涂层达到最佳疏水效果,其接触角为(154±1)°,滚动角为(3.3±0.5)°。采用SEM、FTIR红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对超疏水SiO₂@OTES材料的表面形貌与化学成分进行了表征。实验表明制备出的超疏水SiO₂@OTES自清洁涂层具有良好的自清洁防污、耐低温与耐磨性能,且将涂层回收重新制得的表面仍具有超疏水性。     

纳米CaCO3/SBR复合改性沥青及混合料路用性能试验研究

为研究纳米CaCO₃对SBR复合改性沥青及混合料性能的影响,首先通过室内试验评价了纳米CaCO₃用量对SBR复合改性沥青性能的影响规律,然后探讨了不同纳米CaCO₃用量下SBR复合改性沥青混合料的高温性能、低温性能及水稳定性能。试验结果表明：纳米CaCO₃能够改善改性沥青的抗高温性能,但对抗低温韧性有所削弱;纳米CaCO₃能够明显提高改性沥青混合的高温抗车辙能力和抗水损害性能,但不利于其低温抗裂性能。综合建议纳米CaCO₃用量不宜大于5%。     

辊式涂布法构建纸基牢固超疏水表面

采用辊式涂布的方法在纸基材料上构建超疏水表面,并对超疏水表面的牢固性、自清洁性和疏水性能进行评价。用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（POTS）对微米级和纳米级两种尺寸的TiO₂粒子进行疏水改性处理,然后将改性后的微/纳米TiO₂涂布在纸基材料表面。采用红外光谱（FTIR）对改性后的微/纳米TiO₂的化学组成进行了分析,采用扫描电镜（SEM）对涂布纸表面结构进行了表征,通过接触角、耐磨性和自洁净测试评价了涂层表面的超疏水性、牢固性和自清洁性。改性TiO₂的FTIR分析显示在1000～1500cm^-1之间出现多个C—F键的伸缩振动峰,表明POTS通过化学键与TiO₂表面发生了结合。涂布纸表面的SEM分析可以看出,纸基材料表面上均匀分布了微米和纳米尺寸的TiO₂颗粒,具备了类似荷叶表面微-纳结构的粗糙表面。涂层表面的水接触角为153°±1.5°,滚动角为3.5°±0.5°,水滴在涂层表面呈球形,极易滑落,涂层在水中浸泡7天后,接触角没有发生明显变化,表明纸张表面具备了优异的超疏水性能,且疏水稳定性较好。涂层表面经过10次循环磨损试验后,接触角仍能达到150°,滚动角为9°,表明机械摩擦没有对涂布纸表面的化学成分和粗糙结构造成明显的破坏,超疏水表面的牢固性较好。自洁净测试表明,涂布纸表面具有良好的自清洁和防污性能。该工艺过程操作简单,易于实现工业化生产,为在纸基表面构建综合性能优异的超疏水表面提供了一种新的便利途径。     

PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO2对蚕丝织物自修复超疏水整理

为了赋予蚕丝织物自清洁与防污性能,首先利用多巴胺(DA)在CuSO₄/H₂O₂氧化体系下快速聚合形成聚多巴胺(PDA)沉积在蚕丝织物表面,再通过十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DTMS)改性的纳米TiO₂对沉积PDA的织物进行超疏水功能整理。通过FTIR、SEM、XPS、接触角测量仪对改性前后蚕丝织物的化学组成、表面微观结构、疏水性能进行表征,测试了改性蚕丝织物的自清洁与防污性、疏水自修复性和抗紫外线性能。结果表明,PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO₂改性蚕丝织物表面具有分布均匀的微纳结构,且与原蚕丝织物相比,织物表面自由能下降;其水接触角为156°、滚动角为5°,防紫外线系数(UPF)为75.81,具有良好的防污自清洁能力和抗紫外线性能,与原蚕丝织物相比透气性略有下降;经O₂等离子体10次的刻蚀-修复循环或1200次机械磨损-修复循环后,蚕丝织物的疏水修复率均>96%,耐环境损伤的自修复效果明显。此外,洗涤25次后,PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO₂     

超疏水近红外吸收涂层的制备及性能表征

以纳米Si O2为微纳结构改性剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为粘合剂、Sm2O3为功能颜料,通过合理的涂层结构设计,采用刮涂法制备得到具有超疏水特性的PDMS/Sm2O3复合涂层。分析探讨了PDMS和Sm2O3配比(质量比)、纳米Si O2添加量及表面微纳结构层对涂层性能的影响规律。结果表明,PDMS和Sm2O3质量比对涂层性能具有重要影响,当m(PDMS)∶m(Sm2O3)=6∶4时,涂层对1.06μm近红外光的反射率可低至58.8%,涂层的水接触角可达到113°,明显高于传统聚氨酯基近红外吸收涂层的水接触角。通过在PDMS/Sm2O3复合涂层表面涂覆具有明显乳突状结构特征的PDMS/SiO2微纳结构层,可使涂层实现超疏水特性。PDMS/Sm2O3复合涂层表面经Si O2质量分数为30%的PDMS/SiO2微纳结构层涂覆后,其水接触角可增大到158°,滚动角可低至4°,同时具有较低的1.06μm近红外反射率(61.4%)性能。     

漆酚与Fe3O4协同超疏水改性三聚氰胺海绵用于高效油水分离

含油污水对生态环境造成了极大破坏,油水分离已成为亟待解决的环保难题。为了解决油水分离问题,通过简单浸涂法将纳米Fe₃O₄和漆酚协同修饰于两亲性三聚氰胺海绵(MS)表面,改性所得漆酚-Fe₃O₄-漆酚三聚氰胺海绵(UFeU-MS)材料实现了海绵基底从超亲水-超亲油到超疏水-超亲油的转换。由于漆酚含有邻苯二酚基团与15～17碳长烷基链,一方面使用一定浓度漆酚将Fe₃O₄与海绵进行黏附;另一方面借助长烷基链降低海绵表面能。通过对UFeU-MS进行表征分析验证,其表面水接触角高达160.9°±1.8°,满足超疏水-超亲油的要求;吸收有机溶剂和油类物质的质量大于其自身的21倍,10次吸附-解吸循环分离效率可以保持在97.77%;经不同pH溶液浸泡水接触角可以保持在147°以上,也适应于酸碱环境的油水分离。饱和吸附后的海绵既可经过简单的物理挤压回收溶剂,也可通过外加磁场远程回收。     

氟硅耐候自清洁涂层的制备及在高铁动车组上应用

利用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酸酯（SMA）、3-(丙烯酰氧基)丙基三异丙氧基硅烷（AC-76）和2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯（FOEMA）合成一系列不同单体比例的聚合物（P1~P5），并用于构建耐候自清洁涂层。利用FTIR、1HNMR对聚合物结构进行表征，采用紫外-可见分光光度计及接触角测量仪测试了FOEMA和SMA质量分数涂层的透光率及疏水性的影响，当SMA质量分数为10%，FOEMA质量分数为15%（以反应体系总质量计，下同）时制备的涂层P3具有最大的透光率和水接触角，分别为98.6%和105.3°；人工加速老化实验结果表明，涂层P3具有极佳的耐候性，加速老化5000 h后，涂层的保光率及疏水性变化很小；液滴滑落及涂鸦实验结果表明，涂层P3具有优异的抗污及自清洁效果；摩擦实验结果表明，涂层P3在900 g压力下摩擦100次后其接触角仍大于95°，说明其具有优异的机械稳定性。最后，将该涂层喷涂到高铁动车组上，该涂层对动车组外车身实际污染物具有明显的自清洁效果。     

Extended hydrophobicity and self-cleaning performance of waterborne PDMS/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanocomposite coatings under accelerated laboratory and outdoor exposure testing

It has been shown that incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into hydrophobic coatings can show self-cleaning performance. Accelerated laboratory testing indicated that the coats retain their hydrophobic nature for an extended time period. In this paper, hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings with a TiO₂ content of 0–40% were fabricated by simple blending of a PDMS dispersion with an aqueous TiO₂ nanoparticle dispersion. Their long-term hydrophobicity and self-cleaning performance were investigated both in laboratory and real-world outdoor testing. As expected, TiO₂ nanoparticle-based coatings exhibited better self-cleaning relative to the TiO₂-free PDMS control coating as measured by methylene blue degradation testing. Excellent long-term hydrophobicity was observed in accelerated weathering testing when they contained the appropriate levels of TiO₂ nanoparticles (i.e., 0–30%). However, the same PDMS/TiO₂ coatings did not show self-cleaning performance, and instead, exhibited improved dirt pickup resistance, in outdoor exposure testing. Sustained hydrophobicity was observed in outdoor exposure testing for the clear films except when TiO₂ levels were at 40%. The hysteresis of water contact angle (HWCA) significantly increased for the PDMS control coating, and water beading was lost as the film surface picked up dirt. In contrast, the TiO₂-based coatings with appropriate TiO₂ levels maintained a relatively low HWCA after outdoor exposure and no water sheeting on rainy days was observed. This result demonstrates that while photocatalytic TiO₂ nanoparticles can maintain coating hydrophobicity upon outdoor exposure, long-term self-cleaning performance in polluted environments has not yet been achieved with this type of coating under real-world conditions.     

类水黾脚部“凹凸沟壑”结构仿生超疏水涂层的制备与性能

以坡缕石粉为功能颜料,环氧树脂E-44和杜仲胶混合物为成膜物质,在涂有环氧/杜仲胶清漆的表面制备了一层具有类水黾脚部“凹凸沟壑”结构的仿生超疏水涂层。对涂层形貌和结构进行SEM、FTIR、XRD表征,对C3涂层（坡缕石粉质量分数为25%）进行水接触角、水滚动角、自清洁性能、抗润湿性能、耐磨性能、耐水性能等测试。结果表明,C3涂层表面具有明显的“凹凸沟壑”结构,其平均静态、动态水接触角为153.1°、152.6°,水滚动角为8.8°,具有优异的自清洁性能;C3涂层对泥土浆液、甲基橙溶液和亚甲基蓝溶液具有优良的抗润湿性,接触角均大于150°;C3涂层具有良好的基材适用性,涂覆于混凝土、织物棉布、纸张及塑料等表面均具有超疏水性能;经过载重为100 g的A4纸循环打磨50次,C3涂层水接触角依然高达151.9°,具有较好的耐磨性能;C3涂层在经过18和24 h浸泡后,其水接触角分别为152.2°和144.5°。     

A durable and environmental friendly superhydrophobic coatings with self-cleaning,anti-fouling performance for liquid-food residue reduction

A durable and environmentally-friendly superhydrophobic coatings for liquid-food residue reduction were prepared by using stearic acid (SA) modified organic montmorillonite (SA@OMMT) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Due to the natural hydrophobicity of SAs, SA@OMMT provides low surface energy as well as roughness for the coating. PDMS not only provided low surface energy in the coating but also contributed to the bonding of SA@OMMT as a result of its high adhesive properties. In addition, PDMS has good physical properties after curing, which can effectively improve the physical properties and durability of a superhydrophobic coating by the self-assembly method using a PDMS/n-hexane solution. For 1 wt.% SA@OMMT and 5 wt.% PDMS, the resulting SA@OMMT/PDMS (SOP) coating showed the water contact angle (WCA) and water sliding angle (WSA) of 156.3°and 2°, respectively. The prepared coatings have good physical and chemical stability, and they still have superhydrophobicity after physical abrasion tests and exposure to the corrosion solutions. In the meanwhile, the prepared coating also has flexibility and superhydrophobicity after bending and folding. Finally, the coating surface shows highly effective antifouling ability to liquid and solid pollutants. The coating can be applied against different substrates and has potential application in the field of liquid-food residue reduction.     

A new reutilization strategy of waste printed circuit board nonmetal powders for constructing superhydrophobic coatings

Reutilization of waste printed circuit board nonmetal powders (WPCBP) has been one of the major bottlenecks in the comprehensive utilization of electronic wastes. Herein, a new reutilization strategy of WPCBP was innovatively proposed to develop a superhydrophobic coating. Typically, WPCBP@SiO₂ hybrid filler was successfully prepared by the in-situ growth of silica on WPCBP surface, and the structures and compositions of WPCBP@SiO₂ were systematically investigated by SEM, FTIR, and TGA. Then the obtained WPCBP@SiO₂ was combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare a superhydrophobic coating. The as-prepared PDMS/WPCBP@SiO₂ coatings exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning ability, whose static water contact angle (WCA) is more than 150° while the sliding angle (SA) is <10°. In summary, this study provides a green and efficient reutilization strategy of WPCBP in superhydrophobic coatings, which may open up a new opportunity for the high-valued utilization of WPCBP.     

Hydrophobic composite coatings with photocatalytic self-cleaning properties by micro/nanoparticles mixed with fluorocarbon resin

A newly developed hydrophobic composite coating was fabricated by incorporating modified TiO₂ nanoparticles and hydrophobic material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micropowders dispersed in fluorocarbon resin. Moreover, the surface characteristics and self-cleaning properties of the newly developed composite material were examined. The material was found to exhibit sufficient hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 133°. The surface free energy of the composite coating was 4.11 mJ/m². Scanning electron microscopy results revealed a micro/nanocomposite structure composed of PTFE micropowders and TiO₂ nanoparticles, which was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. Through ultraviolet irradiation the modified TiO₂-PTFE/FEVE composite coating successfully removed oleic acid absorbed on its surface. These results showed that the functional composite coating had a sufficiently hydrophobic surface with an efficient self-cleaning effect.     

Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic surface based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit excellent self-cleaning properties due to their special micro/nano-scale binary structures. In order to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a facile fabrication method for replicating micro/nano-scale binary aluminium structures into PDMS is presented. The microscopic morphology, composition, surface roughness (Ra) and wettability of the sample surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, roughness measurement equipment and contact angle meter respectively. Based on the measurements of the contact angles of deionized water (DI water) and ethanediol, surface free energies of the coatings were estimated according to the Owens two-liquid method. The superhydrophobic PDMS exhibited lower surface free energy than flat PDMS with a DI water contact angle (WCA) of 165°. The surface roughness (Ra) increased with the increasing of etching time in the range 0–80?min, and then decreased with the change of etching time, similar to the variation of contact angle with etching time. Moreover, the prepared surface had different micro-morphologies and its wettability was changed by regulating the chemical etching time. In addition, the superhydrophobic PDMS also showed good self-cleaning properties and the bouncing effect of the water droplets.     

Flotation separation of ilmenite from titanaugite using mixed collectors

The flotation results show the mixed sodium oleate (NaOL)–benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) collectors at a molar ratio of 4:1 exhibit excellent performance in the flotation separation of ilmenite (FeTiO₃) from titanaugite than NaOL alone at pH 6.0. The mixed collectors NaOL–BHA increase the contact angle, which improves the minerals’ surface hydrophobicity and results in good corresponding flotation recovery. NaOL and BHA are mainly adsorbed chemically on FeTiO₃ and titanaugite, as confirmed by zeta potential tests and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The contact angle results indicated that there is a positive synergistic adsorption of mixed collectors NaOL–BHA on FeTiO₃, thereby enhancing their collecting capacity and selectivity.     

Study on preparation and anticorrosive performance of a new high hydrophobic anticorrosive coating

Water-based anticorrosive coatings have poor water resistance, which easily lead to coating deterioration and metal corrosion. In order to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne coating, herein, the polytetrafluoroethylene/dimethyl siloxane/epoxy resin (PTFE/PDMS/EP) hydrophobic anticorrosive coating was prepared by layer-by-layer construction. The spatial structure and microscopic morphology of the hydrophobic coating were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed by hydrophobicity test, electrochemical polarization curve, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance test of the mixed layer, Tafel polarization curves, and AC impedance spectrum. The results showed that the water contact angle of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating reached 141° and the protection efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating was 98.62%. After soaking for 7 days, the corrosion process still stays at the initial stage, which was mainly due to the good sealing and barrier properties and high anticorrosion efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating. The coating has high corrosion protection efficiency and long service life, which is of great significance to metal corrosion protection in harsh marine environments.     

Robust superhydrophobic fabrics by infusing structured polydimethylsiloxane films

Superhydrophobic coatings have large application potential in self-cleaning textiles. Low durability, high cost of fabrication, and environmental concerns over the usage of chemicals such as fluorocarbons limit the utilization of superhydrophobic coatings. This study reports a convenient and inexpensive approach to fabricate robust and fluorine-free superhydrophobic fabrics based on the transfer of structured polymer films and hydrophobic nanoparticles. In this approach, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is infused between sheets of fabric and paper, followed by curing and removal of the paper. This process results in a fabric infused with PDMS whose structure is a negative replica of the paper surface. Then, hydrophobic nanoparticles are sprayed onto the structured PDMS side of the fabric. The infusion of PDMS and subsequent deposition of the hydrophobic nanoparticles enables strong bonding, as shown by the excellent solvent stability of the superhydrophobic fabric under ultrasonication. The proposed approach is universal in that it can be applied to almost any textiles, which upon coating, exhibited superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 3°. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic fabric showed robust durability against water spray impact and mechanical bending where it can keep superhydrophobicity for at least 200 cycles of each test.