N2·9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤的合成

对N2*9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤合成反应的动力学关系式的进行分析,得出影响反应的因素为反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量和乙酰试剂用量.V(乙酸)∶V(乙酐)=2∶1;反应温度为135 ℃;反应时间为7.5 h,N2·9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤的收率达到96%,用红外光谱,核磁共振,元素分析以及质谱对所得产品结构进行了分析,证明所得产物即为目标产物.     

N2·9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤的合成工艺研究

对N2.9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤合成反应的动力学关系式的进行分析,得出影响反应的因素为反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量和乙酰试剂用量。V(乙酸)∶V(乙酐)=2∶1;反应温度为135°C;反应时间为7.5 h,N2.9-二乙酰基鸟嘌呤的收率达到96%,用红外光谱,核磁共振,元素分析以及质谱对所得产品结构进行了分析,证明所得产物即为目标产物。     

固定化脂肪酶催化合成癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

在有机溶剂中,分别采用固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM,Lipozyme RM IM和Novozym 435催化癸二酸和2-乙基己醇合成癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,考察了溶剂、反应温度、反应时间、酶量和底物比等对产率的影响.结果表明:反应温度40℃,癸二酸400 mg,2-乙基己醇0.96 mL(2-乙基己醇和癸二酸物质的量之比3),环己烷15 mL,在600 PLU固定化脂肪酶催化条件下反应24 h,Lipozyme TL IM催化产率可达96.94％,Lipozyme RM IM 催化产率可达96.23％,Novozym 435催化产率可达84.65％.在上述反应条件下,使用6次后,这3种固定化脂肪酶仍保持较高的催化活性.     

N-丁基-2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-(1?,2?,3?,4?-四羟基丁基)吡咯的热裂解气相色谱-质谱分析

以D-(+)-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为原料,通过环化和烷基化反应合成了目标化合物N-丁基-2-甲基-3-乙酰基-5-(1',2',3',4'-四羟基丁基)吡咯,并通过~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、IR和HRMS技术对其结构进行表征。采用热重-微分热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DTG-DSC)分析了目标化合物的热变化情况,结合热裂解-气相色谱-质谱技术(Py-GC-MS)研究了目标化合物在300、600、900℃的热裂解行为,并对目标化合物进行卷烟加香评吸。结果表明:目标化合物的初始裂解温度为137.6℃,二次裂解温度为224.9℃,900℃时裂解物失重约65%;裂解产物总共有43种,其中有2,3-二甲基吡咯、N-甲基-3-乙酰基吡咯、2,4-二甲基-3-乙酰基吡咯等多种具有香味特征的物质;随着温度的升高,总裂解产物的量有增加趋势;目标化合物能够有效改善卷烟品质,增加卷烟香气,并以添加相对烟丝质量的0.03%时,其加香效果最为适宜。初步探讨了目标化合物可能的裂解机理,为研究其在卷烟燃烧过程中的转化行为提供参考。     

2,3-吡嗪二甲酸二顺-6-壬烯酯的合成、热裂解分析及其卷烟加香应用

以顺-6-壬烯醇和2,3-吡嗪-二甲酸为原料,以环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为缩水剂,在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化作用下,合成了2,3-吡嗪-二甲酸二顺-6-壬烯酯。其结构经IR,1HNMR,13CNMR,HRMS图谱对比得到验证,并对其进行了热裂解和卷烟加香实验。结果表明:(1)合成产物为目标产物;(2)裂解温度对合成产物的热裂解产物的种类和含量有较大影响,随着裂解温度的升高,裂解程度愈来愈剧烈;(3)目标产物在卷烟中的适宜添加量为0.01%,目标产物加入到卷烟中后能够明显改善卷烟的吸食品质,协调烟香,减少刺激性和杂气,改善余味。     

2-(4,6-二甲氧基)嘧啶乙腈的合成研究

由4,6-二甲氧基-2-氯嘧啶与氰乙酸叔丁酯反应制备了2-氰基-2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶基)乙酸叔丁酯,而后在对甲苯磺酸催化作用下,由2-氰基-2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶基)乙酸叔丁酯脱羧制备了标题化合物。着重考察了不同反应时间、反应温度及物质的量比对目标产物产率的影响。较佳的合成条件为:n(对甲苯磺酸)∶n[2-氰基-2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶基)乙酸叔丁酯]=0.08∶1,反应时间2 h,反应温度100℃,产物收率可达90%以上。化合物结构经IR1、HNMR1、3CNMR、MS进行了表征。     

2, 3-吡嗪-二甲酸二顺6-壬烯酯的合成，热裂解分析及其卷烟加香应用

以顺6-壬烯醇和2, 3-吡嗪-二甲酸为原料,以环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）为缩水剂,在4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）催化作用下,合成了2, 3-吡嗪-二甲酸二顺6-壬烯酯。其结构经IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS图谱对比得到验证,并对其进行了热裂解和卷烟加香实验。结果表明：(1)合成产物为目标产物;（2）裂解温度对合成产物的热裂解产物的种类和含量有较大影响,随着裂解温度的升高,裂解程度愈来愈剧烈;（3）目标产物在卷烟中的适宜用量为0.01%,目标产物加入到卷烟中后能够明显改善卷烟的吸食品质,协调烟香,减少刺激性和杂气,改善余味。     

3,5-二甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐的合成与表征

3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸与水合氯醛进行烷基化和成环反应生成(4,6-二甲氧基-7-三氯甲基)-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮,然后经水解、脱羧、氧化、脱水反应合成了3,5-二甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐,反应总得率78%。反应的中间物和目标产物用IR,1HNMR和MS等进行了表征。用该化合物合成取代蒽醌、金丝桃素及其衍生物的研究正在进行中。     

4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯乙酮的合成与表征

以2,3-二氟苯乙醚和乙酰氯为起始原料,经傅克反应合成了质量分数99%以上的液晶中间体4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯乙酮,对目标化合物进行了1HNMR、IR和GC-MS表征。以二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,当n(2,3-二氟苯乙醚)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.14∶1.3,反应温度为-10～-5℃,反应时间为1 h时,反应效果最佳,产物质量分数为89.2%,2,3-二氟苯乙醚质量分数为4.83%,副产物4-乙酰基-2,3-二氟苯酚醋酸酯质量分数为0.12%,产物异构体未检出。根据实验结果对傅克反应副产物产生的原因进行了推测。     

2-甲基-苯并咪唑-5-羧酸的合成与表征

文章以3,4-二氨基苯甲酸和乙酸为主要原料,合成了2-甲基-苯并咪唑-5-羧酸,并探讨了反应温度、反应物料摩尔比以及反应时间对目标产物的影响。通过红外、熔点、元素分析等方法对产物进行了表征。得到合成2-甲基-苯并咪唑-5-羧酸的最佳条件为以4 mol/L HCl溶液作为溶剂,同时作为催化剂,反应温度为140℃,反应时间14 h,3,4-二氨基苯甲酸与乙酸的最佳摩尔比为1∶5,反应条件温和,产物收率达到75%。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001