浙江省食品安全风险社会共治示范引领综合评价研究

目的 运用模糊层次分析法对浙江省食品安全风险社会共治水平开展量化评判实证研究，为食品安全示范城市创建社会共治示范引领项目提供借鉴和参考。方法 基于国家和地方食品安全示范城市创建标准，结合文献调研、德尔菲法和层次分析法确立食品安全社会共治综合评价体系及指标权重，再运用模糊综合评价法，对浙江省创建材料进行考核评分，完成食品安全社会共治的量化评判。结果 建立的食品安全风险社会共治评价指标体系包含4个一级指标、12个二级指标和34个三级指标。按照权重排序，地方政府和企业仍然是城市食品安全两大主体，其他社会团体和公众作为第三方力量协同治理；地方政府应强化党政同责和资源保障，企业应依法持证并落实食品安全自查，新闻媒体应做好舆情监测与报道，行业协会应助力地方产业高质量发展，公众应多渠道参与监督。参与创建的三个城市食品安全社会共治总体水平均处于“好”等级，但内部指标有所差异，主要薄弱环节是社会协同，处于“较好”等级。结论 该指标体系契合当前城市食品安全社会共治评价的需要，在食品安全示范城市创建及示范引领中具备实际应用价值。     

食品安全综合评价指标体系构建与应用

目的：构建一套规范的食品安全综合评价指标体系。方法：从理论研究和实践探索两个层面梳理了国内外食品安全综合评价指标体系研究现状。结果：基于层次分析法和德尔菲法构建了一套涵盖6个准则、24项一级指标、41项二级指标的食品安全综合评价指标体系;应用该套指标结合相关统计数据对天津市各行政区食品安全状况开展实证分析。结论：该套指标能够有效评价各区食品安全状况,具备综合性、实操性、可比性等优势。     

北京市食源性疾病监测系统评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建适用于北京市食源性疾病监测系统的评价指标体系,为北京市食源性疾病系统评价提供参考依据。方法 结合北京市食源性疾病监测实际情况,通过文献检索初步建立评价指标框架,应用德尔菲法对该指标体系进行2轮专家咨询,最终确立食源性疾病监测系统三级评价指标体系。结果 食源性疾病监测系统评价指标体系分为三级,包括一级指标3项、二级指标24项、三级指标94项。按照权重对指标排序,一级指标依次为监测系统结构与功能（0.402 3）、监测系统运行保障（0.321 5）、监测系统性能（0.276 2）;二级指标前3位为监测定义（0.065 0）、监测目的（0.063 1）、监测内容（0.059 3）;三级指标前3位为食源性疾病个案病例定义（0.032 7）、食源性聚集病例定义（0.032 3）、主动监测病例定义（0.031 0）。各指标重要性平均得分为7.68（5.62~9.18）,平均变异系数为0.21（0.11~0.39）。结论 本研究建立的指标体系涵盖了监测系统结构与功能、监测性能和运行保障等内容,研究方法适当,结果可靠,对今后其他地区开展食源性疾病监测系统评价工作具有参考意义。     

1996—2022年我国含益生元保健食品批准情况、添加频次、功能及适宜人群调查分析

目的 系统调查我国已批准含益生元保健食品的产品信息，为相关法规制定和产品生产提供基础数据。方法 调查1996—2022年我国含益生元保健食品的审批信息，包含保健食品配料表、功能声称、适宜人群等信息，建立产品信息库，统计分析各益生元原料添加频次、产品功能声称、适宜人群分布情况。结果 1996—2022年共批准含益生元保健食品504个，多以复配方式添加，但使用原料主要集中于低聚果糖（44.44%）、异麦芽低聚糖（22.02%）和低聚木糖（19.05%）；功能声称较单一，以“增强免疫力”“通便”和“调节肠道菌群”的产品居多，分别占38.20%、32.60%和14.60%；产品中常见的适宜人群依次是免疫力低下者、便秘者和胃肠功能紊乱者。结论 我国含益生元保健食品未来有很大的发展空间，需要更新相关政策法规，指导生产企业及时跟进，促进我国含益生元保健食品的健康发展。     

食品生产企业质量安全评价体系构建

依据我国食品法律法规,探索食品生产企业质量安全指标体系和评价模型的建立。运用层次分析法构造食品生产企业质量安全指标体系的框架,步骤依次为通过调研确定指标、建立评价矩阵、计算指标权重、实地考核评价。评价体系涵盖企业基本概况、企业环境场所等8个一级指标,28个二级指标,可对食品生产企业质量安全状况进行量化评估。食品生产企业质量安全评价体系可为食品生产企业规避产品质量风险提供参考,也可为政府监管部门有效监管提供依据。     

2020—2021年山东省小麦中镉污染状况及健康风险评估

目的 了解山东省16个地市小麦中镉的污染状况，并对其膳食暴露量及健康风险进行评估。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测2020—2021年山东省16个地市小麦中镉含量，结合山东省居民小麦消费量计算镉膳食暴露量，采用安全限值法（MOS）和美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型评价镉引起的健康风险。结果 山东省小麦中镉含量的中位数为0.020 2 mg/kg，检出率为97.5%；小麦中镉的污染呈现山东省南部及胶东半岛较高，西北部较低的分布；山东省居民每月经小麦摄入镉的平均暴露量为1.80 μg/kg·BW，低于每月可耐受摄入量参考值（25 μg/kg·BW）；通过小麦的镉暴露量的MOS为13.9，风险可以接受；个人致癌平均年风险为0.46×10^-5/年，低于国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受年风险水平。结论 山东省居民通过小麦摄入镉的健康风险处于可接受水平，但不同地区的小麦污染存在区域差异。     

我国生物医药创新能力评价指标体系构建研究

目的 生物医药领域已成为全球科技竞争的主战场,探索生物医药创新能力评价指标体系的建设,为我国生物医药创新能力评价提供理论工具及新视角。方法 本文采用文献调研、德尔菲专家咨询法、专家评分基础上的归一化法和主成分分析等方法确定影响生物医药创新的关键要素。结果 确定了我国生物医药创新能力评估指标体系,包含6个一级指标和22个二级指标;得到了各层次指标的权重系数以及具体评价指标的组合权重系数;同时获得了我国生物医药创新能力评价体系现有水平结果。结论 文章构建了我国生物医药创新能力评价指标体系,评估了我国生物医药创新体系现有水平,发现政策环境、研究机构人员数和研发机构投入对我国生物医药创新能力发展的重要作用,为提升我国生物医药创新能力提供支撑。     

基于层次分析法的食品微生物安全风险评价体系研究

目的 确定食品微生物安全风险评价指标及其权重，构建食品微生物风险评价指标体系。方法 对浙江省2017-2019年生产、流通、餐饮环节监督抽检数据进行筛选分析，确定评价食品微生物风险的一级、二级评价指标，运用层次分析法，确定各项指标对“食品微生物安全”目标层的权重，并进行一致性检验和综合安全指数分析。结果 评价体系由5个一级指标和8个二级指标组成，一级指标权重由高到低依次为霉菌0.3670、铜绿假单胞菌0.3670、金黄色葡萄球菌0.1473、大肠菌群0.0641、菌落总数0.0545，8个二级评价指标权重依次为饮料0.2922、糕点0.2351、水产品0.1556、炒货坚果0.1146、水果0.0737、饼干0.0463、肉制品0.0421、调味品0.0404。结论 影响食品微生物安全的5个一级评价指标权重由高到低依次为霉菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠菌群、菌落总数，综合分析各食品品类微生物安全风险，饮料、糕点的权重最高，水产品、炒货坚果次之，饼干、肉制品、水果、调味品相对较低。     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的食品安全评价性抽检分配模型研究

目的 建立一个科学合理的食品安全评价性抽检样品量估算及分配模型。方法 运用统计学方法估算评价性抽检样品总量，采用文献分析法和德尔菲法筛选多个因素建立样品量分配指标体系，基于层次分析法和CRITIC法为各指标赋予组合权重，并根据指标组合权重对样品量进行分配。结果 基于X省食品安全评价性抽检不合格率确定X省的食品安全评价性抽检样品总量为7 800份；构建的评价性抽检样品量分配指标体系涵盖食品品种、检测地区2个方面，包含抽检不合格率、膳食结构、食品安全事件、关注度、食品消费量、消费支出、常住人口等共8个指标，依据计算所得的指标组合权重获得X省评价性抽检中各地级市的各类食品的样品分配量。结论 构建的食品安全评价性抽检样品量分配模型能依据各地区的食品安全状况更客观、合理地分配样品量，可为食品安全评价性抽检工作提供参考。     

基于层次分析法和风险矩阵的进口酒类安全风险模糊综合评价

目的 为进一步提高海关监管部门对进口酒类安全风险的预测预警能力,保障我国食品安全,加速通关效率,构建进口酒类安全风险模糊综合评价模型。方法 基于调查结果,利用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,运用风险矩阵获得模糊隶属度矩阵,进行模糊综合运算得到各级指标风险值,同时模型引入动态调节因子,最终实现对具体批次进口酒的风险等级评价。结果 我国进口酒类安全风险等级为中风险,检测项目中甲醇风险值最高（82.917）,纳他霉素风险值最低（52.083）。结论 模型可根据进口酒类总体风险等级和检测项目风险值大小输出推荐检测项目,具有较高的可靠性,可为进口食品安全风险评价及管理工作提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the