γ-氨基丁酸的功能性及其在稻米制品中的富集利用

综述了γ－氨基丁酸的主要功能性，以及目前日本等国家在稻米制品中富集γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）研究方面的成果，包括米胚芽、米糠和糙米发芽富集γ－氨基丁酸，乳酸菌和酵母发酵米糠生产的高GABA浓度的食品素材等。     

市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐污染情况调查

目的 了解市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐污染情况.方法 在广州市随机采集134份市售婴幼儿配方乳粉,参考BJS 201706《食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的测定》进行处理,采用同位素-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量,并对检测结果进行分析.结果 婴幼儿配方乳粉存在受氯酸盐污染比高氯酸盐污染的情况,氯酸盐和高...     

营养功能稻米及其开发前景

本文介绍了硒、锌、铁跟人体健康的关系,居民人体微量元素现状,营养功能米的特点和生产技术。与对照相比,营养功能稻米中硒、锌、铁含量分别提高818%、96.43%、260.69%。还论述了营养功能稻米的开发前景。     

谷物及其制品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的测定

通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱建立1种测量谷物及其制品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的方法。结果表明：该方法的检出限为1.5～3.0μg/kg、定量限为4.5～10μg/kg、加标回收率为96.2%～104.8%、变异系数为1.06%～3.23%。该方法前处理简单方便、检测速度快。     

日本稻米产业发展对我国的启示

介绍了日本稻米加工、储藏流通、米制品加工和质量控制等稻米产业发展情况。针对我国稻米加工及流通中存在的问题,结合日本稻米产业发展的经验,对梳理政府与企业的定位及作用、主食产业化及救灾应急食品开发、减少大米过度加工、加强粮油营养健康教育等提出了合理化建议。     

稻米重金属污染及其治理研究进展

随着国家对粮食质量安全的重视,国内研究者针对稻米重金属的污染及其治理问题开展了深入系统的研究。在分析国内外相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了生长土壤、灌溉水、周围环境空气三种主要因素对稻米污染的影响,总结出四种稻米重金属污染治理方法,指出稻米重金属污染的影响因素的研究、稻米重金属污染的治理的研究、重金属污染对稻米品质影响的研究将是今后的研究重点,为制订并完善稻米重金属污染标准和污染控制策略提供参考。     

2012年河南省市售生制速冻面米制品食源性致病菌污染状况监测

了解2012年河南省境内市售生制速冻面米制品中金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的污染状况。方法 金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌检测及血清分型参照2012年《国家食品安全风险监测工作手册》,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的测定参照mini-VIDAS试剂使用说明。结果 344份速冻面米制品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌共计55株,总检出率为15.99%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌49株(14.24%),沙门菌6株(1.74%)。金黄色葡萄球菌计数结果为0.2～110 cfu/g。49株金黄色葡萄球菌中22株金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素阳性,阳性率为44.90%。6株沙门菌血清分型分属4个血清型:肠炎沙门菌、阿贡纳沙门菌、印第安纳沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌。6株沙门菌对头孢唑啉、头孢替坦、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素均耐药,3株沙门菌对氨苄青霉素/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、氨曲南、呋喃妥因和复方新诺明的耐药率均为33.33%,对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率均为16.67%。结论 河南省市售生制速冻面米制品存在沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的污染,其中沙门菌的检出率较低,但其安全风险较大;金黄色葡萄球菌虽未超标,但其检出率和肠毒素的阳性率均较高,应高度重视。     

离子色谱-串联质谱检测牛奶和婴幼儿配方乳粉中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

为建立高效阴离子交换色谱-串联质谱法检测牛乳和婴儿配方粉中高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的方法,通过优化沉淀蛋白试剂和婴儿配方粉的纯化条件,用乙腈沉淀蛋白,离子色谱前处理柱净化上清液,使用Dionex IonPac AS19高效阴离子色谱柱分离,以氢氧化钾淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,流速0.35 mL/min,进样体积50 μL,柱温 30 ℃,采用质谱检测器检测。结果表明:在该试验条件下,高氯酸盐和氯酸盐能够很好地分离,且在较宽的浓度范围与其对应的定量离子峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.999)。高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的检出限分别为7 ng/L和1.7 ng/L,定量限分别为20 ng/L和5 ng/L。牛乳和婴儿配方粉的加标回收率在 88.95%~102.33%范围,RSD在1.86%~3.21%范围。该方法样品处理简单,具有较低的检出限与定量限,较好的稳定性,良好的重复性与回收率,能广泛用于牛奶及婴幼儿配方奶粉的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的高氯酸盐和氯酸盐残留

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中高氯酸盐和氯酸盐残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈提取后, 再经乙腈饱和的正己烷净化, Acclaim TRINITYP1复合色谱柱(50 mm× 2.1 mm, 3 μm)进行分离。高氯酸盐和氯酸盐在优化后的色谱及质谱条件下, 采用负离子模式进行电离, 通过多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式对目标化合物进行测定, 使用内标法定量。结果 高氯酸盐和氯酸盐在各自线性范围内线性关系良好, 所得校准曲线线性相关系数均在0.999以上, 且精密度实验结果良好, 加标回收率在87.9%~109.5%之间。结论 本方法可以应用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中高氯酸盐和氯酸盐残留量的快速测定, 结果准确、可靠。     

稻米中的功能因子及其生理作用

对稻米中主要功能因子 :γ -氨基丁酸、糠多糖和γ -谷维醇等生产技术、提取工艺和生理作用进行了综述。     

Arsenic species in rice and rice-based products consumed by toddlers in Switzerland

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a contaminant present in food, especially in rice and rice-based products. Toxicity of arsenic compounds (As) depends on species and oxidative state. iAs species, such as arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), are more bioactive and toxic than organic arsenic species, like methylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) or arsenosugars and arsenobetaine. An ion chromatography-inductively coupled-plasma-mass spectroscopy method was developed to separate the four following arsenic anions: As(III), As(V), MMA(V) and DMA(V). Sample preparation was done in mild acidic conditions to ensure species preservation. The predominant arsenic species found in rice and rice-based products, except for rice drinks, was As(III), with 60–80% of the total As content, followed by DMA(V) and As(V). MMA(V) was measured only at low levels (<3%). Analyses of rice products (N = 105) intended for toddlers, including special products destined for infants and toddlers, such as dry form baby foods (N = 12) or ready-to-use form (N = 9), were done. It was found in this study that there is little or no margin of exposure. Risk assessment, using the occurrence data and indicated intake scenarios compared to reference BMDLs as established by EFSA, demonstrated toddlers with a high consumption of rice based cereals and rice drinks are at risk of high iAs exposure, for which a potential health risk cannot be excluded.     

国内休闲肉制品现状与展望

阐述了国内休闲食品特别是休闲肉制品产业现状,并对未来趋势进行预测分析。     

米面制品老化及其可控性研究进展

米面制品是人类基本食品之一,老化是影响米面制品品质一个主要问题。该文阐述米面制品老化机理及其影响因素,和有关抑制米面制品老化最新研究进展,对米面制品开发具有一定参考意义。     

米糠深加工产品的开发与研究进展

简要分析了米糠可供利用的化学成分,详细论述了米糠深加工产品的开发途径与综合利用,以及目前国内外有关米糠食品开发的研究进展。     

2009年广东省市售大米及其制品镉污染状况调查

目的了解广东省市售大米及其制品镉污染现状,为开展食品中镉暴露风险评估提供参考依据。方法于2009年9月在广东省21个地级市采集市售大米及干米粉共840份,其中大米420份,干米粉420份,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行镉含量测定,采用秩和检验和χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果 2009年广东省市售大米及干米粉镉含量均值为73μg/kg,超标率为5.5%。将广东省分为粤北、珠三角北、珠三角西南、珠三角东南、粤西、粤西南、粤东(客家地区)、粤东南(潮汕地区)8个区域进行比较,结果显示粤北地区市售大米及干米粉镉含量较高,均值为122μg/kg,超标率为12.5%。结论广东省8个区域市售大米及米制品镉含量有一定超标情况,其中粤北地区超标较明显,建议进一步开展专项调查研究,分析其来源及程度,为进一步开展镉暴露风险评估提供依据。     

Arsenic in rice and rice products in Northwestern Mexico and health risk assessment

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk of arsenic exposure by consumption of rice and its products marketed in northwestern Mexico. Sixty-six national and imported rice products were purchased in markets in northwestern Mexico, an endemic arsenic region. Total and inorganic arsenic in rice samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and the risk assessment was evaluated according to the hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR). Total and inorganic arsenic in rice samples ranged from 0.06 to 0.29 mg/kg and from 0.03 to 0.13 mg/kg, respectively, and 40% of the analysed samples exceeded FAO/WHO arsenic recommended levels. The inorganic/total arsenic ratio ranged from 15% to 65%. The HQ and CR values for total and inorganic arsenic did not exceed safety levels. Therefore, rice supply in the northwestern of Mexico appears to be safe for human consumption.     

Production and shelf stability of multiple-fortified quick-cooking rice as a complementary food

Rice-based complementary foods normally contain inadequate amounts of several micronutrients, such as iron, calcium, and zinc. This study aimed at improving the quality of commercially produced rice-based complementary foods. The analysis centered on identifying a rice-based complementary food that is safe, stable, sensory acceptable, and economical in terms of fortificants (iron, calcium, zinc, thiamine, folate) and effectively packaged for industrial production and distribution. Product colors were mostly in green-yellow tone and slightly changed to more yellow during storage. Sensory acceptability was affected by changes in odor and rancidity but not in color. Rancidity scores were low in aluminum foil laminated plastic bags (ALU). Lipid oxidation significantly increased during storage, but at a slower rate when sodium citrate and ALU were used. Color differences of raw products were detected but not in the cooked ones. Mineral and vitamin losses during processing were 2% to 11% and 20% to 30%, respectively, but no losses were found during storage. FeSO(4)+ NaFeEDTA added with sodium citrate resulted in the most acceptable product for all packagings. The multiple-fortified quick-cooking rice (MFQCR) developed from this study could be a potentially useful tool for combating micronutrient deficiencies among infants and young children in the countries where rice is the staple food.     

Analysis of perchlorate in baby food on Canadian (Ottawa) markets in 2009 and estimated dietary exposure

ABSTRACT

In order to determine the baseline levels of perchlorate in major brands of baby food, 200 baby food products were collected from retail stores in Ottawa, Canada and analysed for perchlorate in 2010. The seven food groups tested were fruit, juices, vegetables, meat, yogurt, mixed (vegetable mixed with meat) and other (e.g. vegetable mixed with meat and cereal, cheese, egg,). Samples were extracted with a mixture of methanol and 1% acetic acid (4:1, v/v). Determination was conducted by stable isotope dilution ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-IC-MS/MS). The complexity of different food matrices required additional method validation. The perchlorate levels in 46 samples were found to be lower than the quantification limit (0.2 ng g^?1). The perchlorate levels in the other 154 baby food samples were also low; about 96.7% of the baby foods had perchlorate levels less than 10 ng g^?1 (ranged from 0.2 to 22.4 ng g^?1, median1.35 ng g^?1); only 5 samples had perchlorate levels higher than 10 ng g^?1. Dietary exposure to perchlorate from analysed baby food was conservatively estimated to range from 0.007 to 0.121 µg/kg bw/d based on the mean intake for children (1–5 years old).     

糙米制品抗氧化活性比较研究

研究以糙米为原料,制成糙米饭、糙米线和糙米速食粥3种制品,以精白米饭为对照,分析制品中多酚物质含量、膳食纤维的特性,比较评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:总酚含量的顺序为:糙米米线(64.05±0.86 mg/100 g)>糙米速食粥(63.95±2.02 mg/100 g)>糙米饭(50.70±0.02 mg/100 g)>白米饭(20.27±0.46 mg/100 g);总黄酮含量顺序为:糙米速食粥(736.50±26.05 mg/100 g)>糙米米线(642.27±66.94 mg/100 g)>糙米饭(581.17±21.91 mg/100 g)>白米饭(186.81±14.12 mg/100 g)。3种糙米制品中总抗氧化能力差异不显著且均高于白米米饭,清除DPPH、ABTS+能力顺序:糙米速食粥>糙米线>糙米饭>白米饭(P<0.05)。制品总酚和黄酮含量与自由基的清除力具备显著的相关性(P<0.01);游离型总酚和总黄酮含量与其总抗氧化活性具有良好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.904和0.824。糙米线和速食粥的膳食纤维对脂肪酸的吸附力是米饭的2倍左右。糙米制品膳食纤维抗氧活性均高于白米饭;速食粥清除DPPH的能力是米线的2倍多,是米饭的4倍多;速食粥和米线对ABTS+清除力是米饭的3~4倍。糙米速食粥、糙米米线与米饭相比,酚类物质含量较高、膳食纤维具有较强的油脂吸附力和清除自由基的能力。