服务规则约束下B2C平台企业竞争策略

基于服务规则约束机制的策略已成为B2C电子商务平台获取竞争优势重要手段之一。在双边市场理论模型基础上,分别建立了垄断和寡头竞争情形的B2C平台Hotelling竞争模型,比较分析了买方多归属卖方单归属和买卖双方多归属情形下竞争性B2C平台服务规则约束机制的最优策略。通过研究发现,垄断B2C平台下,平台企业和卖方企业都没有提高服务规则约束力度的意愿;在买方多归属卖方单归属时,卖方企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更能提高用户体验和提高B2C平台绩效;在买卖双方多归属时,平台企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更为有利。     

多个损失规避零售商竞争下的收益共享契约

针对供应链上具有独立决策权的各个实体由于决策激励不一致导致供应链低效的问题,以单个风险中性的供应商与多个竞争的损失规避型零售商组成的两阶段供应链系统为背景,在收益共享契约中考察竞争和零售商的损失厌恶偏好对零售商的最优订购决策以及整个供应链协调性的影响.以博弈论为基本研究方法,证明T该供应链博弈存在惟一的对称纯策略Nash均衡,而且竞争使得零售商的总订购量上升,而损失规避则使得总订购量下降.研究还发现,传统的墓于风险中性假设的供应链优化模型指出,由于需求·偷窃效应导致供应链库存过量的结论,在损失规避供应链模型中不一定成立,损失规避将消除这种效应,并且当零售商的损失规避程度很高且不考虑缺货成本时,将导致供应链系统库存不足.     

GS1 Source：面向B2C的产品信息共享服务

GS1 Source（可信数据源）是GS1（国际物品编码协会）提出的产品信息共享服务。与GDSN（全球商品数据同步平台）解决供应链上各企业间数据同步问题不同的是,GS1 Source架构更关注企业通过网络渠道直接为消费者提供信息服务。可信数据源 在传统方式（印刷、广播电视、店面广告、产品包装）之外,随着网络渠道的不断发展,企业普遍感觉到与消费者的沟通以及推介产品的工作正变得日益复杂和困难。     

竞争环境下B2C平台增值服务投资决策

为提高竞争环境下的平台经济效益,讨论平台企业对双边用户的增值服务投资问题,在考虑用户多归属条件下构建B2C平台竞争模型.通过比较分析发现,在双边单归属或一边多归属条件下,平台企业的最优投资满足一个区间策略:若投资资源小于该区间的下界,则根据边际投资成本小于或大于某一阈值,平台企业选择投资全部或部分资源;若投资资源大于该区间的上界,则最优投资存在两个纯策略均衡;若投资资源位于该区间内,则最优投资存在唯一纳什均衡.此外,在双边多归属条件下,平台企业的最优投资满足一个单阈值策略:根据边际投资成本小于或大于某一阈值,平台企业选择投资全部或部分资源.     

零售商价格竞争下的最优决策与收益共享契约

研究由一个制造商与两个竞争零售商组成的两级供应链系统的最优决策及契约协调问题,其中每个零售商面临的需求是价格敏感和随机的.当随机需求分布具有递增失败率(IFR)时,竞争的零售商存在唯一最优的定价和订购决策,并给出了最优决策的解析表达式,证明了收益共享契约能使两个竞争零售商加盟的供应链达到协调及契约成立的条件.最后通过理论推导和数值分析给出了需求价格弹性系数对最优决策及协调的影响.     

两种需求模式下报童模型的最优定价-订购联合决策

在加法和乘法两种需求模式下,研究了带有缺货惩罚的单周期报童模型的最优定价-订购联合决策问题,证明了最优决策的存在性及唯一性的充分条件,并具体给出了最优决策的解析表达式。通过数值算例,验证了结论的有效性,给出了价格敏感因子对最优决策和期望收益的影响。研究结果在理论上更具有一般性,而且为研究多零售商的价格竞争决策问题和供应链契约协调等问题提供了理论依据。     

市场竞争下平台与零售商的物流服务决策研究

近年来电商平台自营商品和零售商开辟线上销售渠道已非常普遍。拥有自建物流体系的电商平台不仅为电子零售商提供线上市场和物流服务,同时还建立线上自营店与电子零售商竞争市场,这种处于相互合作竞争关系下双方的物流服务决策行为值得研究。因此,运用委托代理理论,建立电商平台与电子零售商的两阶段动态博弈模型,分析不同情况下双方的最优物流服务决策。研究发现：存在一个市场需求和佣金率阈值,对于市场需求小于此阈值,电商平台收取佣金率高于此阈值的商品,电商平台能为电子零售商提供更高水平的物流服务和收取更低的物流费用,此时电子零售商会使用电商平台提供的物流服务,双方能实现合作共赢。对于市场需求大于此阈值,或者电商平台收取佣金率低于此阈值的商品,由于第三方物流企业能为电子零售商提供更高水平的物流服务和收取更低的物流费用,此时电子零售商会使用第三方物流企业的物流服务,而电商平台会通过调整佣金率提高自身利润。     

基于B2C架构的综合性科学数据共享系统

科学数据共享在促进科学发展过程中具有重要意义。综合性科学数据中心要对多元化的科学数据提供服务,保护数据提供者的权益,也要保证数据的可获取性。回顾了科学数据共享的发展现状,针对综合性科学数据中心,将科学数据作为一种虚拟商品对待,利用B2C概念构建综合性科学数据共享系统,基于数据用户、数据提供者、数据中心3类用户实现了对应的功能。从科学数据的描述、发布、发现、流通以及评价5个方面对科学数据共享系统的关键问题进行了讨论。以中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心为应用实例,介绍了基于B2C架构的科学数据共享系统的应用方法。     

两种需求模式下过度自信零售商的最优定价和订货联合决策

以报童模型为背景,研究过度自信零售商对市场需求的信念存在偏差时的决策问题.在加法和乘法需求模式下,探讨需求依赖价格和缺货加急订货时零售商最优定价订货联合决策问题.证明最优决策的存在性及唯一性,并给出最优决策的解析式.讨论过度自信对最优决策和期望利润的影响,分析过度自信零售商和理性零售商的信念期望利润与实际利润对比变化情况.对比结果表明,过度自信导致零售商利润的损失,能够为现实中零售商的定价订货决策提供理论依据.     

B2C电子商务网站的设计与实现

基于设计一个小型B2C电子商务网站,该网站实现让用户选择商品,搜索商品,购买商品以及结账的功能,管理员可添加、删除和修改商品的信息,用户登录信息和订单信息。在具体的程序设计中,采用Visual Studio．net作为开发工具,用asp．net开发与SQL Server2000数据库交互的动态网页,并且开发了WEB服务。探讨了网站的业务流程和实现方案,最后利用负压测试法进行方案测试并得到较好的结果。     

Innovation information sharing between two competitive supply chains

We study the innovation information sharing problem between two competing supply chains with one supplier and one manufacturer each. The manufacturer in each chain has private information about its product innovation degree and may choose to share such information with the competitor (horizontal information sharing), its supplier (vertical information sharing), or both (full transparency). We find that irrespective of the status of horizontal information sharing, vertical sharing always hurts the manufacturer, and sharing information horizontally is a dominating strategy for each manufacturer when the competition intensity is small. Furthermore, when competition intensity is not extremely large, full transparency can be realized through some transfer from the suppliers to the manufacturers, achieving a Pareto improvement for all parties, because the vertical and horizontal sharing are complementary to increase the supplier's benefit. Otherwise, neither horizontal nor vertical information sharing will occur.     

Value creation in software service platforms

In order to benefit from operating an IT service platform (e.g., SaaS platform), platform providers need to find a way to keep their existing users and application services active sources of value. However, the understanding of how to achieve that is limited due to the newness of this kind of business. This paper investigates whether all stakeholders of the platform ecosystem can generate sufficient value when participating in the platform. As stakeholders, we consider application service users, service developers, and service platform providers. We also analyse the interrelationship between these stakeholders. The analysis outcome is a value creation model that allows the calculation of the stakeholders’ values. The model also helps inferring the relative impact of different factors on the evolution of values of the software service platform stakeholders. Our simulation results confirm that all stakeholders of a service platform mainly benefit from a growing installed base of application users. However, in a mature market, a large service variety mainly benefits the service platform provider, while the other stakeholders obtain a reduced increase in their benefits. In particular, the utility growth of application users becomes constrained as the benefit from new connections with other users decreases and the number of new services used decreases. Similarly, the revenue of service developer decreases, making service development less profitable. Therefore, we can state that not only a large fraction of the value creation goes to the platform provider but also that the software service ecosystem can collapse, if no mutually beneficial pricing of services is implemented.     

B2C环境下带信息流的多阶段订单配送问题

根据B2C(商家对客户)环境下订单配送问题的特点,建立了相应的多阶段订单配送问题的模型.利用电子订货系统提供的信息流预测订单的未来信息.在处理配送问题时考虑订单信息,可降低企业的配送成本并提高企业的配送效率.提出两种有效整合订单配送的方案,将禁忌搜索算法与插入算法相结合对模型进行求解.仿真实验与比较验证了模型的合理性及算法的有效性.     

Knowledge sharing and investment decisions in information security

We study the relationship between decisions made by two similar firms pertaining to knowledge sharing and investment in information security. The analysis shows that the nature of information assets possessed by the two firms, either complementary or substitutable, plays a crucial role in influencing these decisions. In the complementary case, we show that the firms have a natural incentive to share security knowledge and no external influence to induce sharing is needed. However, the investment levels chosen in equilibrium are lower than optimal, an aberration that can be corrected using coordination mechanisms that reward the firms for increasing their investment levels. In the substitutable case, the firms fall into a Prisoners' Dilemma trap where they do not share security knowledge in equilibrium, despite the fact that it is beneficial for both of them to do so. Here, the beneficial role of a social planner to encourage the firms to share is indicated. However, even when the firms share in accordance to the recommendations of a social planner, the level of investment chosen by the firms is sub-optimal. The firms either enter into an “arms race” where they over-invest or reenact the under-investment behavior found in the complementary case. Once again, this sub-optimal behavior can be corrected using incentive mechanisms that penalize for over-investment and reward for increasing the investment level in regions of under-investment. The proposed coordination schemes, with some modifications, achieve the socially optimal outcome even when the firms are risk-averse. Implications for information security vendors, firms, and social planner are discussed.     

基于J2EE的共享数据环境技术研究

为了解决建立基于J2EE技术的共享数据环境所遇到的技术问题,详细介绍了J2EE平台以及基于J2EE平台的共享数据环境的构成,对建设基于J2EE平台的共享数据环境提出了完整的方案,讨论了实现系统所需的关键技术,为进一步研究该技术提供了有价值的参考。     

Federated integration of networked manufacturing service platforms

Networked manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing pattern that was born of information technologies and suits the networked economic environment. Networked manufacturing service platforms have been widely established to support this new pattern. Since the island problems are retarding further development of networked manufacturing, integration of existing networked manufacturing platforms is in demand. A federated integration mode is proposed to integrate the existing networked manufacturing platforms and provide a large-scale distributed resource sharing and cooperative environment. The nature of federated integration is discussed, and the architecture of federated integration system was put forward along with a set of rules and three types of integration services. Two key issues in federated integration are discussed in detail. One is the federation management, including the hierarchy of federations, the basic states of federations and the state-keeping mechanism using factory/instance pattern. The other issue is the authentication, authorization and access control in across-platform applications. Finally, an implementation is presented.     

Quality management of B2C e-commerce service based on human factors engineering

This study investigates business-to-customer (B2C) electronic commerce services from a quality management perspective. We propose a novel quality management approach that is based on human factors engineering to manage e-commerce service quality and operate according to customer needs. First, we screen credible quality requirements and determine their weights by integrating Kano’s model with our previous work, including the model of B2C website service quality. Then, we can extract quality characteristics according to image words and credible customer requirements. The weights of the quality characteristics are deduced by refining characteristics through a house of quality reconstruction and mapping customer requirements to characteristics. Finally, based on related theories or viewpoints, the operating practices for quality characteristics entail quantitative output with importance and grades taken into consideration. Our experimental results demonstrate that operating practices can help managers understand e-commerce service quality and have useful implications for companies in the management of e-commerce service quality.     

Structural analysis of value creation in software service platforms

As software service platforms grow in number of users and variety of service offerings, it raises the question of how this phenomenon impacts the value obtained by users. This paper identifies system usability, service variety, and personal connectivity to be the major determinants that contribute to the value offered to users on mobile software service platforms. A structural equation model, which is based on utility theory, technology acceptance theory, and the theory of network externalities, has been constructed from seven observed constructs, reflecting the three determinants and the user value. The lower bound of user value is estimated through the user’s willingness-to-pay for services and the user’s willingness to spend time on using services. For the validation, a co-variance-based structural equation analysis has been conducted on online survey data of 210 users of mobile service platforms (e.g., Android, iOS). The results show that the number of services used and the number of active user connections were found to be the strongest constructs explaining user value. Perceived usefulness did not explain user value as much. In total, they can explain 49 % of the value that the user receives from the platform. The implication of this result is that users’ value from a software service platform cannot be explained by the technology acceptance model itself. Instead, an approach that, as used in this research, of integrating network externality theory, utility theory, and technology acceptance theory is necessary.