实心多孔支撑体全膜化微型固体氧化物燃料电池的制备及性能

提出一种实心多孔支撑体全膜化微型固体氧化物燃料电池(micro solid oxide fuel cell,μSOFC)设计模型.电池用氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆[(ZrO2)0.97(Y2O3)0.03,partially stabilized zirconia,PSZ]多孔陶瓷作为支撑体,在其上制备NiO-YSZ阳极层,分别采用离心和浸渍两种成膜工艺制备YSZ电解质膜,以La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-YSZ复合材料为阴极,对组装好的单电池进行了电化学性能测试.在850℃和800℃时,离心沉积工艺制备的单电池最大输出功率密度分别为286 mW/cm2和254 mW/cm2,而浸渍涂布法制备单电池的最大输出功率密度则分别达到572 mW/cm2和388 mW/cm2.电化学阻抗谱显示;电极极化是影响电池性能的主要因素.     

质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层结构与设计研究进展

气体扩散层（GDL）在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中起到支撑催化层、传输反应气体和排出反应过程中产生的水的作用，设计和优化GDL的结构对提升燃料电池的性能有重要作用。本文首先介绍了氢燃料电池应用前景，简述了PEMFC的结构和工作原理，指出了目前GDL的气液传输能力不足的问题，分析了孔结构、碳材料、微孔层微观结构、润湿性和耐久性五个因素对GDL性能的影响，并归纳了当前的研究进展，同时还涵盖了与GDL内传质过程相关的建模方法。最后总结了影响GDL性能的各种因素，并对质子交换膜燃料电池内的GDL发展进行了展望，指出用新型金属泡沫材料代替传统碳材料构建气体扩散层-双极板集成结构从而缩短传质路径并降低传质阻力，提出利用新兴的3D打印技术去构建高精度具有复杂结构的气体扩散层。本综述对未来优化GDL结构、提高燃料电池性能具有一定的指导意义。     

超疏水异质纤维聚结材料的构建及乳化油去除性能

选择常用的聚结除油材料聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）,将其表面负载聚苯胺（PANI）,成功构建超疏水纤维,并将其与亲水棉（Cot）纤维编织成超疏水/亲水异质材料（PANI/PTFE-Cot）用于处理含油废水。结果表明,具有微/纳结构的PANI成功负载在PTFE上,苯胺的投加量和反应温度影响PANI/PTFE的疏水性能。当反应温度为25℃,苯胺投加量为0.2 mol/L时,其水接触角达到最大,为154°。当PANI/PTFE和Cot纤维数量比为2∶1时,除油效果最佳。与传统的聚结材料PTFE相比,超疏水-亲水PANI/PTFE-Cot异质聚结材料的品质因子提高了46.7%。     

偏钒酸根掺杂的NiCo-LDH电极的制备及性能研究

超级电容器是近年来电化学储能器件研发的热点之一，其电极材料对其性能起决定性作用。为了合成具有优异超电容性能的NiCo基二维层状双氢氧化物(LDH)电极材料，首先通过一步水热法在泡沫镍网表面制备NiCo-LDH纳米阵列；然后在水-乙二醇体系下，通过二次溶剂热反应，制备偏钒酸根掺杂的NiCo-LDH纳米阵列；最后，通过碱转化得到性能优异的电极材料。用此电极与活性碳组装成全固态不对称超级电容器件，在电压为0～1.8 V、功率密度为9 mW/cm²时，器件的能量密度达0.416 mW·h/cm²，且具有良好的循环稳定性。     

圆柱形质子交换膜燃料电池的研究

目前质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)多为平板型板框式结构,介绍了一种圆柱形新型结构的质子交换膜燃料电池。制备了外径6 mm,壁厚为1 mm的微型阳极圆管,采用涂覆法制备阳极微孔层和阴阳极的催化层,热滚压法制作膜电极(MEA),并解决了气体进出、密封与电极的引出等方面问题。应用三维软件进行结构设计,并用模拟分析软件ANSYS进行热和静力分析,最后组装成圆柱形质子交换膜燃料电池。当氢气压力为0.2 MPa、常温常压下工作时,开路电压为0.8 V,功率密度可达到8.3 mW/cm2。     

质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极结构与设计研究进展

膜电极（MEA）为质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）提供了电子、质子、反应气体和产物水等多相物质传递和电化学反应的重要场所。设计和制备具有优异特性的MEA对提高PEMFC的性能,降低制造成本,加快其商业化应用是至关重要的。本文首先对PEMFC的反应机理进行了分析,接着从气体扩散层（GDL）、催化层（CL）、质子交换膜构造（PEM）3个方面阐述各部件在MEA中的作用,归纳总结了各部件的制备方法、传热传质方式、仿真模型、构效关系以及优缺点,最后对影响MEA的各种因素进行了总结,并且结合目前涌现出的许多新兴技术对PEMFC的发展进行了展望。本综述对未来高性能、长寿命和低成本的MEA开发具有指导意义。     

常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电可行性研究

尝试了常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电的可能性，研究了温度和阳极催化剂对其燃料电池开路电压和放电性能的影响。结果表明，甲烷在常温下能够进行电化学氧化，随着电池工作温度的升高，燃料电池的开路电压和功率密度逐渐增加。阳极催化剂的铂含量和催化剂的组成对甲烷的电化学氧化具有非常大的影响。90℃下使用Pt（40wt．％）-Ru（20wt．％）／C为阳极催化剂（催化剂担载量：（2mg Pt＋1 mg Ru）·cm^-2），在以甲烷为燃料时，质子交换膜燃料电池功率密度达到了5．4mW·cm^-2。     

有机隔离脱模剂

本品为有机硅乳液制品，具有优异的成膜性、耐热性，可在模具表面形成极薄的膜，对所接触的材料不产生化学反应，不腐蚀模具，并具有涂布量少，隔离（脱膜）性能稳定、产品表面光亮平滑等优点。本产品环保不污染环境，无毒，可直接用水稀释使用。本产品对橡胶、塑胶、树脂制品、铸造制品、三聚氰氨、浸渍纸、贴面防火板等材料具有良好的隔离（脱膜）作用。可采用喷涂、刷涂、浸渍方法使用。     

包载槲皮素P/O/W多重皮克林乳液的制备及表征

为解决槲皮素溶解度低透皮性能差的问题，以疏水二氧化硅AEROSIL?R202、亲水二氧化硅AEROSIL?200为乳化剂，一缩二丙二醇和甘油为内醇相，制备水包油包醇（P/O/W）多重Pickering乳液，用其对槲皮素进行了包载。考察了内醇相（一缩二丙二醇和甘油）质量分数、疏水二氧化硅AEROSIL?R202质量分数、水乳比、亲水二氧化硅AEROSIL?200质量分数对P/O/W多重Pickering乳液性能的影响，得到最佳制备条件为：内醇相〔m（甘油）：m（一缩二丙二醇）=6：4〕质量分数为20%、疏水二氧化硅质量分数为3%、m（水）：m（初乳）=5：5、亲水二氧化硅质量分数为2%。对各相染色用激光共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）观察证明，成功制备了P/O/W多重Pickering乳液。X射线衍射仪（XRD）结果表明，槲皮素经多重乳液包载后结晶峰消失，表明该多重乳液对槲皮素有良好的包载效果。离心法测定包载槲皮素P/O/W多重乳液载药量达0.45 %± 0.02%。体外透皮实验和猪皮CLSM显示，槲皮素经该多重乳液包载后透皮性能得到改善，这主要是由于槲皮素在内醇相〔m（甘油）：m（一缩二丙二醇）=6：4〕中的溶解度可达60±2.1 mg/g，远大于在水 (<0.5 μg/g)或油 (<1 mg/g)中的溶解度。     

金属表面PDA/PTFE超疏水涂层抑垢与耐腐蚀性能

超疏水涂层具有极广的应用前景，然而在金属表面制备稳定的超疏水涂层具有一定挑战。为提高涂层稳定性，本文通过简单浸泡法在不锈钢表面形成稳定的聚多巴胺（PDA）中间涂层，随后采用电泳沉积法在PDA修饰后的表面制备聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）超疏水涂层。测试中采用场发射扫描电镜、接触角测试仪及电化学测试仪进行PDA/PTFE涂层分析和表征。制备的PDA/PTFE涂层表面呈现凸起结构，提高电沉积制备时间与溶液中水含量，涂层表面水接触角呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，制备涂层中最大水接触角为160.2°±1.3°，相应涂层的表面能为5.57mN/m。胶带剥离与砂纸磨损试验表明，PDA/PTFE涂层具有较好的稳定性。污垢沉积试验表明，浸泡在50℃、70℃与90℃碳酸钙过饱和溶液12h后，与不锈钢相比，涂层抑垢率分别为64.71%、72.22%与81.25%。电化学测试表明，PDA/PTFE超疏水涂层具有较好的耐腐蚀性能，与不锈钢相比，涂层缓蚀率为95.1%。     

In situ grown carbon nanotubes on carbon paper as integrated gas diffusion and catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

In situ grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on carbon paper as an integrated gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL) were developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. The effect of their structure and morphology on cell performance was investigated under real PEMFC conditions. The in situ grown CNT layers on carbon paper showed a tunable structure under different growth processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) demonstrated that the CNT layers are able to provide extremely high surface area and porosity to serve as both the GDL and the CL simultaneously. This in situ grown CNT support layer can provide enhanced Pt utilization compared with the carbon black and free-standing CNT support layers. An optimum maximum power density of 670 mW cm⁻² was obtained from the CNT layer grown under 20 cm³ min⁻¹ C₂H₄ flow with 0.04 mg cm⁻² Pt sputter-deposited at the cathode. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirmed that the in situ grown CNT layer can provide both enhanced charge transfer and mass transport properties for the Pt/CNT-based electrode as an integrated GDL and CL, in comparison with previously reported Pt/CNT-based electrodes with a VXC72R-based GDL and a Pt/CNT-based CL. Therefore, this in situ grown CNT layer shows a great potential for the improvement of electrode structure and configuration for PEMFC applications.     

Effects of hydrophobic polymer content in GDL on power performance of a PEM fuel cell

Effects of hydrophobic polymer content within a carbon paper, used as the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL), on power performance of a H₂/air proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have been studied. Electrochemical methods are used in conjunction with morphology and wetting property characterization. Surface contact angle of wet-proof-treated GDL as a function of temperature is measured by a novel capillary rise method. It is shown that the contact angle generally decreases with the temperature, and that there is insignificant difference in contact angle on carbon papers treated with different contents of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) ranging from 10 to 40 wt.%. Under all humidification conditions in this study, a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of 10 wt.% FEP-impregnated GDL shows higher power densities than 30 wt.% FEP-impregnated one. Surface morphology of the hydrophobic polymer-treated carbon paper has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is identified as playing a crucial role in affecting the power performance of such treated GDL in the PEM fuel cell.     

Liquid water transport in a mixed-wet gas diffusion layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell

After PTFE treatment, a gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) features mixed wettability, which substantially impacts liquid water transport and associated mass transport losses. A pore-network model is developed in this work to delineate the effect of GDL wettability distribution on pore-scale liquid water transport in a GDL under fuel cell operating conditions. It is found that in a mixed-wet GDL liquid water preferentially flows through connected GDL hydrophilic network, and thereby suppresses the finger-like morphology observed in a wholly hydrophobic GDL. The effect of GDL hydrophilic fraction distribution is investigated, and the existence of an optimum hydrophilic fraction that leads to the least mass transport losses is established. The need for controlled PTFE treatment is stressed, and a wettability-tailored GDL is proposed.     

PEMFC气体通道表面润湿特性对气体扩散层中水分布的影响

采用格子Boltzmann方法（LBM）数值模拟研究了质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中气体通道（GC）表面润湿特性对气体扩散层（GDL）中液态水分布和含量的影响,从微观层次详细分析了液态水在GDL-肋板（land）交界面处的传输过程。研究结果表明,与亲水GC相比,疏水GC增加了GDL中的液态水含量。由于GDL相似文献   

Performance Improvement of Wave‐Like PEMFC Stack with Compound Membrane Electrode Assembly

The novel architecture of wave‐like proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack developed in our previous work achieved peak volumetric power density and specific power of 2,715.9 W L^–1 and 2,157.9 W kg^–1, respectively. However, there still existed perforated bipolar plates and the carbon fiber gas diffusion layer (GDL) was easy to cause damage during the fabrication process of undulate membrane electrode assembles (MEAs). In the present study, sintered stainless steel fiber felt (SSSFF) was employed to work as metallic GDL (MGDL) and bipolar plates simultaneously. Compound membrane electrode assembles (CMEAs) with serpentine and interdigitated flow channels were designed and fabricated using stamping process. A single cell with CMEA was assembled in house and the output performance was evaluated systemically. The results indicated that the peak volumetric power density and specific power of wave‐like PEMFC single with CMEA are 5,764.0 W L^–1 and 4,693.5 W kg^–1 respectively. This study achieved a significant performance improvement due to the concept of CMEA and may propose a possible means to meet the DOE's 2020 technical target that volumetric power density is 2,500 W L^–1 and specific power is 2,000 W kg^–1 for stack.     

Preparation of a crosslinked polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cells with an allyl methacrylate based two‐step reaction

In this study, a proton‐exchange membrane for fuel cells was prepared via a two‐step reaction with an allyl methacrylate (AMA) as an asymmetric crosslinking agent. First, a linear‐chain polymer was synthesized, consisting of hydrophilic 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), hydrophobic 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA), and AMA. Subsequently, we crosslinked the linear‐chain polymer by reacting the remaining allyl group during dry heating. The proton conductivity of the prepared membrane was 7 × 10^?2 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance was evaluated for a membrane electrode assembly composed of the crosslinked AMPS–TFEMA–AMA/ fluoroalkyl graft polymer (FGP) membrane. As a result of a power‐generation test, a maximum power density of 174 mW/cm² at a current density of 400 mA/cm² was observed for a PEMFC single cell. Consequently, it was confirmed that the AMPS–TFEMA–AMA/FGP membrane for PEMFC could easily be prepared via a two‐step reaction at a low cost and that PEMFC exhibited a cell performance and that of cells with the Nafion membrane. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

质子交换膜燃料电池双层扩散层特性三维分析

针对直流道质子交换膜燃料电池提出一种混合的两相三维非等温数学模型,考虑了液态水在多孔介质内的毛细流动和分布,分析了双层扩散层结构及碳纤维特性对电池性能的影响。结果表明,扩散层第一层（靠近催化层）厚度对质子膜电导率和气体传递特性有着相互制约的影响,需进行优化;在一定范围内,扩散层第一层碳纤维直径的减小可提高质子膜电导率,有利于电池性能的改善;在保持其他参数不变的前提下,应尽可能提高多孔介质的憎水性和孔隙率以提高电池输出性能。     

微型质子交换膜燃料电池设计与性能分析

This study describes a novel micro proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) (active area, 2.5 cm2). The flow field plate is manufactured by applying micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to silicon substrates to etch flow channels without a gold-coating. Therefore, this investigation used MEMS technology for fabrication of a flow field plate and presents a novel fabrication procedure. Various operating parameters, such as fuel temperature and fuel stoichiometric flow rate, are tested to optimize micro PEMFC performance. A single micro PEMFC using MEMS technology reveals the ideal performance of the proposed fuel cell. The optimal power density approaches 232.75 mW&#8226;cm－1 when the fuel cell is operated at ambient condition with humidified, heated fuel.     

自呼吸式MEMS微燃料电池的结构及其性能

利用MEMS技术设计并制作了有效面积为1.2cm×1.2cm的不同阳极和阴极结构,将它们组成电池并进行比较。结果表明,阳极采用点-蛇形混合流场,电池峰值功率密度为比点状流场的电池可提高10.4%;阴极采用双层镂空流场,峰值功率密度比单层镂空流场电池增加15.7%。最优结构电池在30%～50%相对湿度下性能良好,200mA恒流放电近610h,电池电压比较稳定。     

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池气体扩散层上新型双层微孔层的制备和性能

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的微孔层对电池性能有重要影响。首次使用多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）在碳纸上先制备1层微孔层,再用碳黑（CB）在其上制备第2层微孔层,形成双层微孔层。从不同尺度上观察了微孔层（MPL）的形貌和结构,测量了气体扩散层（GDL）垂直向电阻,并测试了电池性能。结果表明,双层微孔层的平整程度与单独使用碳黑制备的微孔层相似,比单独使用MWCNTs制备的微孔层更加平整;双层微孔层的GDL垂直向的电阻比单层微孔层的GDL更小;使用双层微孔层制备的膜电极比相同碳载量下的单层微孔层制备的膜电极性能更好。