浅谈降低平转浸出器的粕残油率

分析影响平转浸出器粕残油的几个主要因素,介绍了在生产实际中改进平转浸出器结构, 调整工艺参数以降低粕残油的几点措施。     

平转浸出器工艺设计应注意的几个问题

对平转浸出器在工艺设计过程中能对粕残油产生影响的几个问题进行阐述。     

大型平转浸出器应用实践

讨论了平转浸出器的设计和应用 ,对国产大型平转浸出器存在问题 ,如喷淋与料格的配合 ,料格和集油斗的配合 ,混合油泵配置和进料密封绞龙进行改进 ,降低粕残油在 0 7%— 0 8%。提出加强设计理论研究 ,如喷淋和料层渗透 ,工厂化制做 ,现场组装 ,组织测定 ,调整参数 ,改进结构等。     

浸出器负压强制沥干装置分析

浸出器是浸出制油的重要设备,提高浸出器的性能不但能降低粕中残油,而且能够减轻后续高温脱溶或低温脱溶的负荷,进而节省蒸汽消耗。浸出器负压强制沥干装置是用不同的方式使沥干封闭油斗为负压,强制沥干湿粕物料中的低浓度混合油,达到湿粕含溶量进一步降低的目的。为了降低湿粕含溶量,提高企业经济效益,分别介绍了用液环真空泵、蒸汽真空泵、负压风机抽取浸出器沥干段负压装置的工艺,特点和适用范围,同时也阐述了不同类型的常用浸出器强制沥干封闭油斗的方式,最后对沥干效果和经济效益进行综合分析。通过浸出器负压强制沥干装置可以有效降低湿粕含溶量,在高温蒸脱时节省蒸汽消耗量进而为企业带来一定的经济效益。     

谈浸出粕残油与物性影响因素之间的关系

积累大豆一次浸出的数十年经验 ,研究影响平转浸出器粕残油的因素 ,尤其是物料含水量的影响 ,提出新观点与大家探讨。通过数学因次分析 ,寻找浸出时间、物料含水、温度等几个物理量变化与粕残油之间的函数关系 ,以便在设计和生产实际中使用。提出函数式与读者探索。     

平转浸出器喷淋机构设计问题的探讨

平转浸出器是目前国内外比较流行的一种连续浸出器。78年我厂浸出车间改造,我们设计了一台日加工大豆300吨的平转浸出器,参考对日座谈资料,在浸出器的设计上作了若干改进,目前已运行近一年,在产量超过原设计指标的基础上,大豆一次浸出粕中残油均低于0.5％。喷淋好坏是影响粕残油的一项重要因素,现就其问题讨论如下:     

平转浸出器结构及喷淋形式探讨

通过对东北大豆特性的研究，针对平转浸出器直接浸出大存在的问题，提出了采用低溶剂比的喷溧方法，并依此对喷淋形式内部结构及外部配置提出了一些见解，从而 浸出器优势。在实践中解决了溶耗高、粕残油高、能耗高等技术问题。     

卫星式浸出器在茶饼取油中的应用

介绍了卫星式浸出器在茶饼浸出取油中的应用情况，其主要优势在于有利于提高浸出效果，降低粕残油     

大豆膨化浸出制油法

将大豆膨化后浸出制油可以提高产量,降低溶耗以及粕中的残油量。木文就大豆膨化浸出制油工艺作了叙述。     

基于箱链式浸出器的菜籽饼浸出工艺探讨

浸出器是菜籽压榨浸出过程中的关键设备,为尽可能地降低生产过程中粕残油,分析了调试过程中关键化验指标及对应的操作条件,确定了利用箱链式浸出器对压榨后菜籽饼进行浸出的最佳操作条件。分析结果表明,在生产过程中控制入榨水分为3.0%~3.5%,浸泡时间为75min,浸出温度为58℃,液料比为0.60~0.65(体积比),可获得最低粕残油为0.94%。此外,生产过程中箱链式浸出器运行稳定,料层高度与运行速度均可实现自动化控制。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the