基于深度卷积神经网络的心音分类算法

针对现有心音分类算法普适性差、依赖于对基本心音的精确分割、分类模型结构单一等问题,提出采用大量未经过精确分割的心音二维特征图训练深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法;首先采用滑动窗口方法和梅尔频率系数对心音信号进行预处理,得到大量未经过精确分割的心音特征图;然后利用深度CNN模型对心音特征图进行训练和测试;根据卷积层间连接方式的不同,设计了 3种深度CNN模型:基于单一连接的卷积神经网络、基于跳跃连接的卷积神经网络、基于密集连接的卷积神经网络;实验结果表明,基于密集连接的卷积神经网络比其他两种网络具备更大的潜力;与其他心音分类算法相比,该算法不依赖于对基本心音的精确分割,且在分类准确率、敏感性和特异性方面均有提升.     

基于多尺度特征和注意力机制的航空图像分割

利用神经网络能通过进行建筑像素标记实现航空图像分割,但也存在分割边界模糊的问题,导致分割结果不理想.为此,本文以卷积神经网络U–net和FCN–8s基本网络模型,实现端到端训练.在此基础上,结合建立了全卷积神经网络结合多尺度特征和注意力机制的网络模型,提升了分割边界的清晰度.将多尺度特征和注意力机制的模型与基本模型进行对比,分析了真实与预测之间的相关度和相似度,并将预测结果进行对比.实验结果表明,结合多尺度特征和注意力机制的分割模型,分割边界更清晰,相对于相同训练规模的全卷积网络交并比高2%, Dice系数高3%,得到较好的分割结果.     

时空卷积注意力网络用于动作识别

在视频动作识别任务中,无论是在视频的空间维度还是时序维度,如何充分学习和利用特征之间相关性,对最终识别性能的影响非常大。卷积操作通过计算邻域内特征点之间的相关性获得局部特征,而自注意力机制通过所有特征点之间的信息交互学习到全局信息。单个卷积层不具备在全局视角上学习特征相关性的能力,即使是重复堆叠多层也只是获得了若干个更大的感受野。自注意力层虽然具有全局视角,但其关注的核心仅是不同特征点所表达的内容联系,忽略了局部的位置特性。为了解决以上问题,提出了一种时空卷积注意力网络用于动作识别。时空卷积注意力网络由空间卷积注意力网络和时序卷积注意力网络共同组成。空间卷积注意力网络使用自注意力方法捕捉空间维度的表观特征联系,用一维卷积提取动态信息。时序卷积注意力网络通过自注意力方法来获取时序维度上帧级特征间的关联信息,用2D卷积学习空间特征。时空卷积注意力网络集成两种网络的共同测试结果来提升模型识别性能。在HMDB51数据集上进行实验,以ResNet50为基线,引入时空卷积注意力模块后,神经网络的识别准确率在空间流和时序流上分别提升了6.25和5.13个百分点。与当前先进方法进行比较,时空卷积注意力...     

深度卷积神经网络在心音分类方法中的应用

通过分析心音信号对心脏早期的病理状态进行确诊具有重要的意义。提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络的心音分类方法。将心音信号转化成具有时频特性的梅尔频谱系数（Mel Frequency Spectral Coefficient,MFSC）特征图,将其作为深度卷积神经网络模型的输入;利用深度卷积神经网络对MFSC特征图进行训练,引入中心损失函数建立最优的深度学习模型;测试阶段,先将心音信号转换成多张二维MFSC特征图,然后利用训练好的深度学习模型对其分类,最后利用多数表决原则判断心音信号的类别。针对人工标注的训练样本有限,导致模型训练正确率不高的问题,以心音的二维MFSC特征图为对象分别从时间域和频率域进行随机屏蔽处理进而扩充训练样本。实验结果表明,该方法在PASCAL心音数据集上进行测试,对正常、杂音、早搏三种心音的分类性能明显优于现有最好的方法。     

基于卷积注意力机制的运动想象脑电信号识别

针对多类别运动想象脑电信号识别精度不高的问题,提出了一种融合注意力模块的卷积神经网络模型。该模型利用注意力模块充分挖掘脑电信号的通道和空间特征,建立其与识别任务之间的重要程度关系,从而提高运动想象脑电信号的识别准确率。信号经过共空间模式提高信噪比,利用小波变换将信号转换成二维时频图,通过注意力模块中通道和空间两个维度进行特征的调整,以强化有用特征弱化无用特征,使卷积网络充分提取更高层次的抽象特征,并最终执行运动想象任务的识别。分别在BCI竞赛IV Datasets 2a和BCI竞赛III-IIIa数据集上进行了有效性评价,并与卷积神经网络以及其他算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,提出的方法可达到良好的准确率,能够有效提高脑电信号运动想象任务的识别准确率。     

基于频谱空间域特征注意的音乐流派分类算法

为了提升深度卷积神经网络对音乐频谱流派特征的提取效果,提出一种基于频谱空间域特征注意的音乐流派分类算法模型DCNN-SSA。DCNN-SSA模型通过对不同音乐梅尔谱图的流派特征在空间域上进行有效标注,并且改变网络结构,从而在提升特征提取效果的同时确保模型的有效性,进而提升音乐流派分类的准确率。首先,将原始音频信号进行梅尔滤波,以模拟人耳的滤波操作对音乐的音强及节奏变化进行有效过滤,所生成的梅尔谱图进行切割后输入网络;然后,通过深化网络层数、改变卷积结构及增加空间注意力机制对模型在流派特征提取上进行增强;最后,通过在数据集上进行多批次的训练与验证来有效提取并学习音乐流派特征,从而得到可以对音乐流派进行有效分类的模型。在GTZAN数据集上的实验结果表明,基于空间注意的音乐流派分类算法与其他深度学习模型相比,在音乐流派分类准确率和模型收敛效果上有所提高,准确率提升了5.36个百分点～10.44个百分点。     

结合数据平衡和注意力机制的CNN+LSTM的自然语音情感识别

为了解决语音情感识别中数据集样本分布不平衡的问题,提出一种结合数据平衡和注意力机制的卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短时记忆单元(LSTM)的语音情感识别方法.该方法首先对语音情感数据集中的语音样本提取对数梅尔频谱图,并根据样本分布特点对进行分段处理,以便实现数据平衡处理,通过在分段的梅尔频谱数据集中微调预训练好的CNN模型,用于学习高层次的片段语音特征.随后,考虑到语音中不同片段区域在情感识别作用的差异性,将学习到的分段CNN特征输入到带有注意力机制的LSTM中,用于学习判别性特征,并结合LSTM和Softmax层从而实现语音情感的分类.在BAUM-1s和CHEAVD2.0数据集中的实验结果表明,本文提出的语音情感识别方法能有效地提高语音情感识别性能.     

基于动态卷积与注意力的多特征融合行人重识别

为能够准确利用图像中有效特征，提取判别性较高的信息区分特征相近的行人，提出一种基于动态卷积和注意力机制的多分支网络。将动态卷积核作用于ResNet50网络中，使动态卷积中的注意力机制与网络中的通道和空间注意力共同作用，通过不同分支得到相应局部特征，融合得到高判别性特征进行分类匹配。在CUHK03、DuckMTMC-reID、Market-1501数据集上进行验证实验，其结果表明了所提模型的优越性。     

基于CNN-BiLSTM的自动睡眠分期算法

睡眠分期是睡眠数据分析的基础,针对目前睡眠分期存在的依赖人工提取、人工判别效率低、自动睡眠分期准确率不高等问题,本文研究模型是基于卷积神经网络和双向长短时记忆神经网络2个深度学习神经网络相结合的,利用脑电信号来进行自动睡眠分期的模型方法.算法能提取得到原始脑电信号的梅尔频谱,利用卷积神经网络和双向长短时记忆神经网络进行...     

一种层次级联融合的视频目标分割方法

文章主要研究半监督视频目标分割任务,输入一个完整视频及首帧的像素级标注(掩膜),使用端到端的深度神经网络模型来预测后续帧的掩膜.该模型使用残差卷积网络进行深度特征提取,通过层次级联模块实现各层次不同分辨率特征的交互融合,以此捕捉不同尺寸的目标,并通过尺度融合模块处理视频帧的细节和语义信息,生成像素级分类标注.在主流视频...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。