复杂性理论的探索与实践——爱丽莎·安德罗塞克的数字生成实践与实验性教学

作为实验性机构Biothing和研究机构CONTINUUM的创立者和发起者,爱丽莎.安德罗塞克将设计生成实践和实验性教学相结合,形成并发展了独特的数字设计理念。Biothing/CONTINUUM深入研究复杂性理论,注重建造技术和创新性数字生成技术的发展,并且十分注重教学实践对于研究的重要作用。本文对Biothing/CONTINUUM的设计理念、近期作品以及爱丽莎指导的学生作业进行了介绍。     

Xenocells: In the Mood for the Unseen

Forces that were previously invisible to the human eye are now being materialised in new aesthetics made possible by algorithmic design. The aptly named Wonderlab studio at University College London's Bartlett School of Architecture is running an ongoing research programme on these awe-inspiring possibilities. Its XenoCells project uses a cell division algorithm that can be applied in varying resolutions, to vastly different effect – achieving 3D-printed forms that range from sharp crystalline structures to organic folds reminiscent of internal organs. Alisa Andrasek , director of Wonderlab, explains.     

Indeterminacy & Contingency: The Seroussi Pavilion and Bloom by Alisa Andrasek

The lightly programmed spaces of flexible, temporary structures enable open-ended interactions. Here, architect and curator Alisa Andrasek , who is Reader in Architecture and Computation at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London (UCL), describes how she has embraced adaptability and social engagement by adopting a strategy of ‘indeterminacy’ and ‘contingency’ in her two installations: the Seroussi Pavilion (2007) and Bloom (2012).     

Associative Practices in the Management of Complexity

Tom Verebes, a co-director of the Architectural Association's Design Research Laboratory (DRL), writes about the programme's recent research in generative and parametric-based software, as well as the actualisation of these innovations through automated fabrication technologies. One example is the DRL's recent initiative to collaborate with Gehry Technologies as a means of using an experimental academic environment to test professional design software applications currently in development. As Verebes shows, this integration extends into his own collaborative design office, ocean D, one of the surviving branches of the original OCEAN network that emerged in the early 1990s (discussed elsewhere in the issue by Michael Hensel). For Verebes, as for Brett Steele (also featured in this publication), academic research serves as a laboratory for the production of new practices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impact of biophilic design in Maggie’s Centres: A meta-synthesis analysis

This paper presents a meta-synthesis conducted to identify, compare and synthesize published qualitative data related to the Maggie's Centres, as a paradigmatic architectural example in the provision of non-institutional cancer support. These centres are internationally renowned for their unique architecture, where the careful design of indoors and outdoors spaces plays a critical role in their agenda for supporting care. Previous research has thoroughly analysed this approach to therapeutic environments, not only confirming the importance of designed space as originally conceived in Maggie's philosophy but also identifying precise supporting effects associated with specific elements within their design. This paper aims to provide a new reading of Maggie's contribution to cancer support by offering an examination of all these data through the lens of biophilia, which clarifies the impact of design decisions connected to nature on cancer patients' lives. The analytic process included a systematic search strategy, extraction and classification of salient concepts using an open-coding approach, and lastly an interpretive evaluation. The systematically selected data helped to identify and rank the biophilic design parameters that appear the most critical for promoting and supporting human health and wellbeing in non-clinical therapeutic environments, from the user's perspective. It also provided a compilation of distinctive design interventions related to biophilic parameters, which provides benchmark information for future research and design guidance in these environments.     

The AADRL: Design,Collaboration and Convergence

Brett Steele, former director of the Architectural Association's Design Research Laboratory (AADRL) and now director of the Architectural Association, reflects upon the DRL as a laboratory for the production of a different kind of student and teacher, and ultimately as a new model for architectural education. His ‘screenshots’ offer an informal image/text-based window through which to browse the general atmosphere of that research endeavour. The DRL was also very active in employing outside specialists from a variety of disciplines including computer programming and robotics. These interests were situated within the DRL's much larger ambition of rethinking the very definition of research itself, not isolated in the purely reflective interests of history and criticism but based on the projective desires of innovation. Moreover, the organisation of these new laboratories of design life begin to resemble their objects of study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Instrumental geometry

For two decades, the individual members of the SmartGeometry Group have pioneered innovative computer-aided design (cad) techniques and technologies. Now that they are situated in key positions in internationally renowned companies, the group is involved in developing a new generation of parametric design software. Here, Robert Aish (Director of Research at Bentley Systems), Lars Hesselgren (Director of Research and Development, kpf London), J Parrish (Director of ArupSport) and Hugh Whitehead (Project Director of the Specialist Modelling Group, Foster and Partners, London) discuss with Achim Menges the group's instrumental approach to geometry and their unique collaboration spanning the world of practice and software development. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Working with Wiki,by Design

Andrew Burrow and Jane Burry explain the use of online platforms, such as wiki, employed by the Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory (SIAL) at RMIT University in Melbourne. As they demonstrate, these platforms enable projects whose participants span the globe, in turn situating SIAL within an internationally distributed design research network incorporating diverse forms of expertise. This includes the academic research under way at SIAL, much of which is done collaboratively with various other design and research entities, as well as the international work of SIAL's director Mark Burry, who has been developing innovative design and fabrication methods for the completion of Gaudí's complex proposal for the Sagrada Família church. SIAL's wiki platform collapses geographic and temporal distance to allow geographically dispersed agents to collaborate in unprecedented ways, integrating widely diverse sets of knowledge into the design process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Feedback Architecture

The specialist research and design unit in Aedas' London office focuses on three principal areas of research: computational design, advanced modelling and sustainable design. Christian Derix, Judit Kimpian, Abdulmajid Karanouh and Josh Mason of Aedas R&D explain how this cross-pollination of interests has led the practice to develop innovative approaches, exemplified by the design for Al Bahr Towers, the Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters and the Digital Masterplanning (Digma) tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

办公建筑天棚辐射+新风系统舒适度的模拟初探

天棚辐射+新风系统是办公建筑中常用的一种温湿度独立系统。对地处北京地区的采用了天棚辐射+新风的办公建筑中某一大开间区域的夏季设计工况进行CFD建模,模拟天棚、新风系统承担不同冷负荷比例时室内工作区域的温湿度场、舒适度等情况。模拟结果显示,在该大开间的设计工况下,并不是辐射系统承担的比例越大越好,而是当辐射系统承担冷负荷比例为50%时,系统的供冷效果最好。此结论仅为模拟结果,实际情况还有待验证。     

中华园林文化的承传探索——以苏州 “抱拙”八景为例

以中铁建位于苏州明拙政园故址的"抱拙别墅"项目中主题八景的文化设计为例,具体阐述如何深挖拙政园地脉、人脉及文脉并确立主题,以传承复兴拙政园文脉为主线,将中华经典园林之文化精神继承性地融入当代宅园造景的文化设计之中,对中国古典园林文化精神在当代的延续承传具有一定的参考价值。     

晚明夫妻偕隐园寒山别业映射下的女性文化景观

古典园林是女性文化景观生发的重要场所,其中夫妻偕隐园更是具有丰富女性特质的园林类型。论文选取晚明江南山地园林的代表——寒山别业为考察对象,以历史文献和图像语境为基本研究途径,融合女性史、园林史、社会生活史等学科内容。通过对该园林中的两位女主人——陆卿子和文俶笔下的文字、画作结合园记、史志等文献进行提取,探讨了女性意识对园林营构的影响以及园林对女性生活实践的作用;揭示了晚明时期夫妻偕隐背景下女性文化景观呈现的特点,拓展了园林研究的维度。     

Responsive Systems|Appliance Architectures

Branden Hookway and Chris Perry introduce the Responsive Systems Group (RSG), a newly formed design research collective at Cornell University's School of Architecture, Art, and Planning. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, the work here addresses questions of collective intelligence at a number of scales. In terms of practice, collaborative, group-based work is emphasised, with both the students as well as the instructors working in teams of three (Perry and Hookway are co-directors of the Responsive Systems Group along with Ezra Ardolino). The second scale addresses the technologies and methodologies of design itself, exploring problems of ‘responsivity’ in the context of artificial intelligence and the emerging fields of robotic and sensory interaction design. Finally, and by extension, the issue of scale itself becomes a site of inquiry as the RSG's work focuses less on ‘architecture’ and more on ‘design’, implicitly if not explicitly loosening general notions of disciplinarity as a means of revealing new sites for mixture and innovation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风雅的养成——园林画中的古代女性教育

园林作为居住空间的特殊品类,是传统社会重要的女性教育空间,在园林画中多有体现。以传世的园林绘画为考察对象,结合文献史料,从女性的自然常识教育、劳动技能教育和文化艺术教育3个方面探讨园林空间对于古代女性健康成长与人格完善的作用。可以发现,园林空间在古代女性教育中占有特殊地位,它是女性认识自然世界的窗口、学习生活技能的场所,以及提高文化和艺术造诣的环境。     

Integrated Computational Design: National Bank of Kuwait Headquarters

Foster + Partners' design for the National Bank of Kuwait Headquarters is for an environmentally responsive building and a complex geometry. Dusanka Popovska , a design system analyst in the Specialist Modelling Group (SMG) at Fosters, explains how the group was introduced at an early stage in the bank's design process to develop a parametric model that was capable of integrating various performance parameters while continuing to investigate geometrical solutions.     

Planning by Parameters

With increasing pressure on available land for development, planning parameters continue to intensify. Since the early 1990s, such constraints on urban sites have provided a significant focus for MRVDV's design and research. The practice has worked on the creation of interactive software that enables designers to interact with the limits and opportunities highlighted by the visualisation and evaluation of these parameters. Jeroen Zuidgeest and Sanne van der Burgh of MVRDV and Bas Kalmeyer of think tank The Why Factory describe how parametric models are now being applied, leading the way to a whole new generation of open-source planning tools.     

Becoming Architectural: Affirmative Critique,Creative Incompletion

When Greg Lynn embraced digital animation software in the 1990s, he not only redefined architectural production, but also the designer's relationship to the generative process. In this extract from an unpublished essay written in 2000, the philosopher Brian Massumi describes Lynn's ‘in-folding’ open-ended approach, which renders the design process ‘less an external conduit for the artist's creativity’ than the artist ‘a conduit for creativity of the design process’.     

Living with Freud

Lilian Chee introduces several art installations displayed at the Freud Museum in north London. While each individually opens up further critique of Freud's practice and its cultural impact, collectively they measure the ability of objects to charge interior atmospheres with provocations of gender, modernity, ethnicity, objectivity and domesticity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A)

Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A) is taking up where Future Systems left off. Led by Amanda Levete, previous co-director of Future Systems with the late Jan Kaplicky', the practice retains its unique sensibility with its emphasis on new technologies, materials, science and engineering combined with art, design, fashion and the organic. Mark Garcia visited AL_A's Notting Hill-based studios to review the current projects of this 40-strong team and to talk to Levete about the underlying design principles and processes behind the office's work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.