油田注水系统降低能耗对策研究

某油田注水站注水泵管泵压差4.5 MPa,注水泵单耗14.84 k Wh/m3,标耗1.14 k Wh/(m3·MPa),注水系统效率仅23.07%,注水能耗及效率都远小于国内平均水平。通过计算该油田注水系统能耗,分析注水高能耗原因,提出了注水泵变频改造、更换小排量注水泵、优化注水管网等对策。实施这些措施可使注水能耗降低约24.56%,注水系统效率增加约30.56%,为油田降低注水系统机泵运行能耗和提高注水系统效率提供了借鉴。     

双河油田提高注水系统效率实践

注水泵效率和管网效率是影响油田注水系统效率的主要因素。提高注水泵效率是通过泵额定压力、排量与实际需要的合理匹配来实现;提高管网效率是通过减小管路节流及井网合理布局来实现。3年来,双河油田注水系统效率逐步提高,形成了一套适合双河油田特点的提高注水系统效率技术。     

分压注水提效技术在埕东油田的应用

应用节点分析法对埕东油田注水系统进行了分析，找出了影响系统效率的主要问题并进行改造。针对注水系统中存在的注水泵扬程、排量与注水井需求不匹配和注水井注水压力差异大导致的泵干压差大、配水间阀控损失大、注水系统效率低等问题，进行了分压注水改造并优化了注水泵参数。改造后，东油田注水系统注水站效率、注水管网效率、注水系统综合效率分别由64．9％，60．4％和39．2％提高到72．5％，65．8％和47．6％。     

油田注水系统节能增效技术研究现状

从注水泵和不系统管网两个方面分析了油田注水系统能耗大、效率低的原因、并分别从局部和整体的角度综述了我国当前所采用的注水系统节能增效技术现状。局部在 注水泵设计制造和泵效研究以及注水管网效率研究方面。指出在进一步开发高效节能注水泵的同时，应开展注水用调速装置的研究，建议及采取措施降低注水节流时的水流损失，以大幅度提高管网效率。最后阐述了采用系统分析方法对注水系统进行整体研究的进展情况，认为将计算机技     

降低注水单耗的节能研究与应用

注水系统是高能耗系统,提高注水效率,降低注水用电单耗是油田节能工作的一个重要课题。通过对注水工艺,注水设备及管网的全面调查研究及改造,揭示了提高注水泵机组效率及管网效率的节能途径,取得了显著的经济效益。     

注水系统管网改造技术研究与应用

油田注水系统主要由注水站、注水管网、注水井组成。在注水系统效率指标的组成因素中，由于电机效率变化幅度很小，因此影响注水系统效率的主要因素是注水泵效率和管网效率。两种效率之间关系密切，反映了系统注水泵与注水管网之间的匹配合理程度。当匹配合理程度较高时，系统能耗较低；反之，系统能耗较高。一般而言，为降低     

提高二连油田注水系统效率技术

为有效降低运行成本,达到节能降耗的目的,有步骤、分阶段对二连油田各注水站注水泵、注水单井的运行压力、流量及注水泵的耗电量进行测试分析,并根据分析结果,采取更换离心电泵为柱塞泵,提高注水泵运行效率;应用变频调速技术,稳定出站干压,减少注水泵回流量;采用分压注水工艺,优化注水管网,提高管网运行效率等措施,二连油田的注水系统效率由优化前的46.6%上升至61.8%,注水系统单耗由优化前的7.25 kW·h/m3下降至6.1 kW·h/m3,平均年节约动力费407万元.     

高压变频技术在油田注水系统中的应用与节能分析

油田注水系统的耗电量一般占整个油田生产耗电的40％-60％,因此降低注水系统的能耗可显著降低油田的生产成本。常规的通过调节阀门开启度来达到调节注水泵出口压力和流量的作法,会使很大一部分能量造成浪费,要解决这个问题,可以采取对注水泵进行调速的方法。文章论述了通过高压变频技术对注水泵进行调速,从而达到节能效果的基本原理;对一台恒速泵和一台变频调速泵并联运行时的效率进行了分析,并对应用实例进行了计算,注水站的效率比原来提高了9．04％,收到了显著的节能效果。     

埕岛油田老区注水系统节能潜力

注水地面系统的能耗主要由注水泵机组和注水管网损失两部分组成。离心注水泵的节能配套技术主要有阶梯泵技术、撤级改造、注水泵调速和泵控泵技术。注水管网的优化主要遵循整体降压、分区分压、局部增压及合理搭配的原则,使注水站泵压与注水井井口压力合理匹配。埕岛油田老区注水系统存在泵效低、设备完好率低、泵管压差大以及注水站远离负荷中心导致注水管网效率低等问题,分析认为,更换大排量高效注水泵、阶梯泵组合、撤级改造及车削叶轮等措施适用性较好,节能降耗潜力较大。     

提高吉林油田注水系统效率的途径

注水系统效率由电机平均运行效率、注水泵平均运行效率和管网运行平均效率组成。为提高注水系统效率，首先应选用高效的电机和注水泵，对注水量小注水压力高的小采油区宜选用柱塞泵。在资金不足的情况下，采取减少泵的口环间隙、提高流道的表面光洁度、用不锈钢新叶轮取代旧叶轮和减级数等技术改造措施，可使泵效提高2．4％。为了提高管网运行平均效率，应尽量缩小注水半径、使泵的排量与实际注水量合理匹配、改造和更新管网、定期彻底清洗注水井。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.