Investigation Analysis of Crack Growth Arresting with Fasteners in Hybrid Laminated Skin-Stiffener Joint

In recent years carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) emerged its increasing demand in aerospace engineering. Due to their high specific strength to weight ratio, these composites offer more characteristics and considerable advantages compared to metals. Metals, unlike composites, offer plasticity effects to evade high stress concentrations during postbuckling. Under compressive load, composite structures show a wide range of damage mechanisms where a set of damage modes combined together might lead to the eventual structural collapse. Crack is one of the most critical damages in fiber composites, which are being employed in primary aircraft structures. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the arrest mechanism of the delamination or crack growth with installation of multiple fasteners when the delamination is embedded in between the skin and stiffener interface.     

Creep Crack Growth in Polyethylene Under Combined Mode I and Mode II Loading

Creep crack growth characteristics under various combined mode I and mode II loadings were studied using the compact tension shear (CTS) specimens of polyethylene. Creep crack growth rates da/dtunder combined mode I and mode II loading can be correlated with a single effective stress intensity factor K _Ieffderived from the combined — mode fracture toughness envelope. The steady state or constant crack growth rates which occupy the significant part of creep failure life increase with the increasing initial effective stress intensity factor.     

船体钢止裂性能表征参量止裂温度和止裂韧性的对比分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验结果,对止裂温度和止裂韧性分别作为止裂性能表征参量的特点进行了分析。结果表明,与止裂韧性相比,止裂温度测试稳定性好、工程适用性好,更宜作为船体钢止裂性能的工程应用表征参量。     

某型船用铝合金-纯铝-钢复合过渡接头界面开裂微观分析

某型船用铝合金-纯铝-钢复合过渡接头焊接后界面开裂,从开裂位置取样,对开裂位置和未开裂位置进行金相分析和扫描电镜分析,结果表明,界面连续的铁-铝金属间化合物层是过渡接头界面开裂的主要原因。     

Analysis of Fatigue and Crack Growth in Carbon-Fiber Epoxy Matrix Composite Laminates

A study of high frequency fatigue in carbon-fiber reinforced composites has been undertaken. A comparison has been made between the fatigue behavior of crossply (0° / 90°) and angleply (± 45°) carbon/epoxy unnotched and notched laminates. Additionally, a micromechanical analysis of fracture surfaces performed by scanning electron microscopy was carried out to evaluate the micromechanisms that occurred during fatigue. Experimental observations indicate that fatigue damage consists of a combination of matrix cracks, longitudinal splitting, fiber fracture, and delamination. In order to minimize the effects of residual strain due to temperature rise, a method is proposed for determining real fatigue strength at the level of variable load not lower than the fatigue limit, at which residual strains are minimal.     

采用分层理论计算层合板的固有频率和振型

采用有限元方法并结合分层理论对复合材料层合板的固有频率和振型进行理论计算,再用实验验证。通过分层有限元模型求解层合板的位移模式,对层合板固有频率进行计算。分析有限元网格数,铺设角度、铺设层数等对固有频率的影响,获得层合板自由振动的前九阶振型,采用实验进行了验证。结果表明,提出的方法可较精确计算层合板的固有频率和振型。     

浅谈含I型裂纹对焊接接头形状因子的影响

为提高含缺陷对接接头的承载能力和准确的评定其安全性,对焊缝含I型中心裂纹和I型单边裂纹的对接接头,采用数值模拟方法,基于断裂力学原理,研究了焊缝余高高度和盖面焊道宽度对焊缝含I型中心裂纹和I型单边裂纹对接接头形状因子的影响。结果表明,焊缝余高高度对焊缝含I型中心裂纹和I型单边裂纹对接接头形状因子影响最为显著,盖面焊道宽度的影响次之。焊缝合I型中心裂纹和I型单边裂纹对接接头设计时,采用传统的不考虑余高形状影响时的形状因子表达式计算是不合理的。选择合适的焊缝余高高度和盖面焊道宽度可以提高焊缝含I型中心裂纹和I型单边裂纹对接接头的承栽能力。     

The Finite Analysis of Deformation and Stress Triaxiality of a Mixed I + II Mode Elastic-Plastic Crack Tip

The deformation and distribution of stress triaxiality σ_{_m}/σ of mixed I + II mode elastic-plastic cracks under plane strain and plane stress conditions were analysed by the large strain finite element method and were compared with the HRR field. The results show that, (1) the model of crack-tip deformation under mixed I + II mode loading is sharpening-blunting, the sharpening and blunting deformation is acted on by compressive stress (σ_{_m}/σ > 0) and tensile stress (σ_{_m}/σ > 0), respectively; (2) in the plane strain case, the (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} of the real crack tip decreases with an increase of mode II component, but increases with an increasing strain hardening n for every mixed ratio. For the loading of K_{_I}/K_{_II} > 0.5, the (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} value of the real crack tip is less than that of the (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} given by the HRR field, but the opposite holds true cases where K_{_I}/K_{_II} > 0.5; (3) in the plane stress case, the (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} decreases a few values with an increasing mode II component, the values of (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} of every mixed ratio are far less than these of the corresponding loading condition in the plane strain case. In the plane stress case, the (σ_{_m}/σ)_{_max} values of every mixed ratio for any strain hardening exponent n are almost constant. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fracture Toughness and Creep Crack Growth in Polypropylene Under Combined Modes I and II Loading

Fracture toughness and creep crack growth characteristics under combined mode I and II loadings were studied using the compact tension shear (CTS) specimens of polypropylene. The K _I - K _II envelope for crack initiation was obtained under various combined mode loadings. The creep crack growth rates da/dt under combined mode I and mode II loadings can be correlated with a single effective stress intensity factor K _Ieff based on the combined mode fracture envelope.     

用波传播方法分析复合材料层合圆柱壳的振动

用一阶剪切变形理论获得复合材料层合圆柱壳的运动微分方程，再应用波传播方法分析其自由振动的频率。通过比较，本文的计算方法所得的结果与文献^[5]比较吻合。本文还研究了几种壳体参数对圆柱壳自由振动频率的影响。h／R的比值对频率影响当周向模态n=3时较大，n=2时次之，n=1时较小。E1／E2的比值越大，频率越大。辅层的角度在n较小时对频率的影响不大，在n比较大时，角度越小影响越大。     

高强度厚钢板止裂韧性K_(ca)与常规力学性能的相关性分析

统计分析了28组采用TMCP工艺制造的高强度厚钢板-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与屈服强度R_(P0.2)、抗拉强度R_m、-40℃冲击功KV_2、-20℃和-40℃动态撕裂能DTE、零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关性规律,结果表明,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关度较高,随着心部抗拉强度R_m的增高和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的降低,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)增大;在此基础上建立了-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m、侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)和板厚t的相关性方程K_(ca)=13.358·R_m-90.530·T_(NDT)-7.324·t~(1.5)或K_(ca)=13.427·R_m-74.845·T_(NDT)-0.635·t~2。     

Analysis of Laminated and Sandwich Composite Structures Using Solid-like Shell Elements

A new solid-like shell element was formulated which is suitable for analysis of laminated and sandwich composite structures. Then, a multiscale analysis technique was implemented to the shell element formulation so that micro-level stresses and strains (i.e. stresses and strains in reinforcing fibers and the binding matrix) in those structures can be computed. The shell element has three displacement degrees of freedom per node like a 3-D solid element. Therefore, the shell elements can be stacked easily on top of one another like 3-D solid elements in order to represent multiple layers through the thickness of laminated and sandwich structures. The effect of a thin resin or adhesive layer in laminated and sandwich composite structures was investigated on both static and the dynamic responses of the structures using the developed shell elements. The study showed an apparent effect of the resin/adhesive layer even though it is very thin. As a result, the present shell element can be used effectively to include those thin layers in finite element analysis models of laminated and sandwich composite structures.     

基于灵敏度分析的复合材料层合板优化设计

工程结构中的复合材料层合板的几何参数往往具有随机性质.如何研究随机参数层合板的灵敏度,并对参数进行优化分析,这对正确估计结构设计的可靠性有着非常重要的意义.根据层合板的一阶剪切理论,采用样条有限元法,推导并建立了层合板的振动方程,刚度矩阵,质量矩阵,比例阻尼矩阵以及求解反对称层合板响应灵敏度的计算公式,在基于灵敏度分析的基础上,进行了复合材料层合板的基频分析和优化设计,并用网格法计算最佳铺层角.数值算例验证了算法的有效性.     

Study of Composite Interface Fracture and Crack Growth Monitoring Using Carbon Nanotubes

Interface fracture of woven fabric composite layers was studied using Mode II fracture testing. Both carbon fiber and E-glass fiber composites were used with a vinyl ester resin. First, the single-step cured (i.e., co-cured) composite interface strength was compared to that of the two-step cured interface as used in the scarf joint technique. The results showed that the two-step cured interface was as strong as the co-cured interface. Carbon nanotubes were then applied to the composite interface using two-step curing, and then followed by Mode II fracture testing. The results indicated a significant improvement of the interface fracture toughness due to the dispersed carbon nanotube layer for both carbon fiber and E-glass fiber composites. The carbon nanotube layer was then evaluated as a means to monitor crack growth along the interface. Because carbon nanotubes have very high electrical conductivity, the electrical resistance was measured through the interface as a crack grew, thus disrupting the carbon nanotube network and increasing the resistance. The results showed a linear relationship between crack length and interface resistance for the carbon fiber composites, and allowed initial detection of failure in the E-glass fiber composites. This study demonstrated that the application of carbon nanotubes along a critical composite interface not only improves fracture properties but can also be used to detect and monitor interfacial damage.     

气相法白炭黑填充天然橡胶的裂纹扩展机理

研究了不同粒径,不同份数的白炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)裂纹生长行为的影响。采用具有裂纹生长测试功能的DMA(DMA-Crack Growth)对预割口试样的裂纹扩展速度进行测试。利用超高速显微摄像技术对裂纹扩展尖端进行在线追踪,得到裂纹扩展尖端的动态显微图像。结果表明,添加20 phr原生粒径为15 nm的气相法白炭黑时,裂纹尖端韧带均匀且细密,对裂纹生长起到很好的阻碍作用;添加20 phr原生粒径为7 nm的气相法白炭黑时,对试样的裂纹生长有不利影响。     

Off-axis Fatigue Crack Growth and the Associated Energy Release Rate in Composite Laminates

Stable matrix crack growth behaviour under mechanical fatigue loading hasbeen studied in a quasi-isotropic (0/90/-45/+45)_s GFRPlaminate. Detailed experimental observations were made on the accumulationof cracks and on the growth of individual cracks in +45° as well as 90° plies. A generalised plain strain finiteelement model of the damaged laminate has been constructed. This model hasbeen used to relate the energy release rate of growing cracks to the crackgrowth rate via a Paris relation.