Hybrid 3D Printing of Soft Electronics

Hybrid 3D printing is a new method for producing soft electronics that combines direct ink writing of conductive and dielectric elastomeric materials with automated pick‐and‐place of surface mount electronic components within an integrated additive manufacturing platform. Using this approach, insulating matrix and conductive electrode inks are directly printed in specific layouts. Passive and active electrical components are then integrated to produce the desired electronic circuitry by using an empty nozzle (in vacuum‐on mode) to pick up individual components, place them onto the substrate, and then deposit them (in vacuum‐off mode) in the desired location. The components are then interconnected via printed conductive traces to yield soft electronic devices that may find potential application in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices.     

Mitigating the Blunt Trauma of Soft Armour Panels using Polycarbonate Sheets: A Cost-effective Solution

Applied Composite Materials - Reduction of back face signature (BFS) or blunt trauma of soft armour panel (SAP) is one of the major aspects of armour design. This research explores the use of stiff...     

3D Warp Interlock Fabric Structure and their Applications in Soft and Hard Armour Protections

Applied Composite Materials - Textile materials can be used as a soft solution to protect the human body of the soldier and as a hard solution to provide more efficient armour for various types of...     

三维人体数据驱动产品设计研究

目的探究三维人体数据在产品设计中的应用。方法在人因健康诉求的基础上,针对由于人体尺寸测量的复杂性,给设计行业带来了诸多挑战的问题。分析了三维人体测量技术与产品设计结合的方法,并探讨了三维人体数据驱动产品设计的价值。结论三维人体数据驱动产品造型设计,可以提高产品人因形态的适配性,更好地阐释以用户为中心的设计理念,满足人们人因健康诉求,对人类生存状态和生活方式将产生重大的影响。     

Thyroid-Friendly Soft Materials as 3D Cell Culture Tool for Stimulating Thyroid Cell Function

The disruption of thyroid hormones because of chemical exposure is a significant societal problem. Chemical evaluations of environmental and human health risks are conventionally based on animal experiments. However, owing to recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, the potential toxicity of chemicals can now be evaluated using 3D cell cultures. In this study, the interactive effects of thyroid-friendly soft (TS) microspheres on thyroid cell aggregates are elucidated and their potential as a reliable toxicity assessment tool is evaluated. Using state-of-the-art characterization methods coupled with cell-based analysis and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, it is shown that TS-microsphere-integrated thyroid cell aggregates exhibit improved thyroid function. Specifically, the responses of zebrafish embryos, which are used for thyroid toxicity analysis, and the TS-microsphere-integrated cell aggregates to methimazole (MMI), a known thyroid inhibitor, are compared. The results show that the thyroid hormone disruption response of the TS-microsphere-integrated thyroid cell aggregates to MMI is more sensitive compared with those of the zebrafish embryos and conventionally formed cell aggregates. This proof-of-concept approach can be used to control cellular function in the desired direction and hence evaluate thyroid function. Thus, the proposed TS-microsphere-integrated cell aggregates may yield new fundamental insights for advancing in vitro cell-based research.     

等离子体平板显示用发光材料

本文介绍了ＰＤＰ用荧光粉的基本情况及其应用特性。归纳出基团敏化带位置的一般规律及阳离子对基团敏化带波长位移的影响，并指出，提高发光效率，改善荧光粉的热稳定性和辐照稳定性，开发新型稀灾粉等具有重要意义。     

Mechanical Analysis of 3D Composite Materials by Hybrid Boundary Node Method

In this paper, an improved multi-domain model based on the hybrid boundary node method (Hybrid BNM) is proposed for mechanical analysis of 3D composites. The Hybrid BNM is a boundary type meshless method which based on the modified variational principle and the Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation. The improved multi-domain model can reduce the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) compared with the conventional multi-domain solver. It is very suitable for the inclusion-based composites, especially for the composites when the inclusions are solid and totally embedded in the matrix domain. Numerical examples are presented to verify the improved multi-domain model and the results have shown the accuracy and efficiency of the improved model.     

软性材料在产品设计中的应用

目的分析软性材料在工业产品设计中产生的原因,研究其在产品设计中的应用,包括传统民族产品的应用与现代产品设计的创意表现。方法结合软性材料在产品中的应用历史与发展环境进行深入分析,得出软材料在民族传统产品与现代工业产品生产中产生的原因,并结合目前的产品设计来说明软性材料在产品设计中的实际应用与创意表达。结论软性材料逐渐进入现代工业产品设计的范围,并发挥着不可替代的作用。     

三维人体扫描技术在服装产品设计中的应用

目的为适应数字经济下服装产品设计领域的转型发展需求,探讨三维人体扫描技术在现代服装产品设计开发中的应用,为新型服装产品设计模式提供思维方向。方法分析目前三维人体扫描技术的现状,实验和筛选三维扫描的方法并快速获取人体模型数据样本。在此基础上,依据服装产品设计过程展开分析,结合实际应用案例,探讨基于三维人体扫描技术获取的人体模型数据在服装产品设计中的应用与价值。结论通过三维人体扫描技术可以快速获取丰富准确的三维人体模型数据,根据设计需求将数据接入服装产品设计和展演系统中,辅助企业与设计师提高服装产品的合体性与舒适度,提升以消费者为中心的个性化服装产品定制服务的满意度,驱动服装产品设计领域的智能化、数据化和信息化发展。     

Modeling System Effects in Ballistic Impact into Multi-layered Fibrous Materials for Soft Body Armor

An analytical model is developed to study various ‘system effects’ during impact of a flat-faced, cylindrical projectile into a flexible, multi-layered target with no bonding between layers. Each thin layer is assumed to have in-plane, isotropic, elastic mechanical properties. The model allows variation of the mechanical properties from layer to layer as well as the spacings between the layers in order to study their combined effects on the ballistic performance of the system. In particular, we consider such performance measures as the V₅₀ limit velocity, the number of layers penetrated when impacting below this limit, and the residual projectile velocity after complete penetration above this limit. The V₅₀ performance of the target is found to degrade progressively as the spacings between layers are increased relative to the sum of layer thicknesses without spacing. A second finding is that for a given set of layers with differing mechanical properties, both the V₅₀ and the residual velocity depend on the order of layer placement. A third finding is that among systems with identical layers of a given in-plane tensile strength, the V₅₀ velocity increases with increasing strain-to-failure of the layers. However the relative magnitude of this increase diminishes with increasing target-to-projectile areal density ratio. The model builds on the authors’ previous analysis for impact into a single elastic membrane and the results have important design implications for armor design especially for hybrid material configurations.     

A 3D Constitutive Model for Magnetostrictive Materials

This paper is concerned with a 3-D general constitutive law of nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic coupling for magnetostrictive materials. The model considered here is thermodynamically motivated and based on the Gibbs free energy function. A set of closed and analytical expressions of the constitutive relationships for the magnetostrictive materials are obtained, in which all parameters can be determined by those measurable experiments in mechanics and physics. Then the model can be simplified to two cases, i.e. magnetostrictive rods and films. It is found that the predictions from this model are in good accordance with the experimental data including both rods and films. In particular, the effects of pre-stress or in-plane residual stress and environment temperature on the magnetization or the magnetostriction are also discussed.     

太阳能电池板的运输包装设计

结合对太阳能电池板的产品属性、流通过程以及客户需求分析,从防护、装卸、运输等方面,选用EVA和胶合板箱,以及BAC瓦楞纸箱、纸护角和泡沫护角作为包装材料,通过ANSYS有限元软件对EVA卡槽结构进行有限元分析,并与实际装箱相比较。结果表明:EVA的卡槽结构,可对多片装组件的运输过程发挥良好的保护和防振功能,为电池板的运输提供了综合包装解决方案。     

Human-Recombinant-Elastin-Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Soft Tissues

Bioprinting has emerged as an advanced method for fabricating complex 3D tissues. Despite the tremendous potential of 3D bioprinting, there are several drawbacks of current bioinks and printing methodologies that limit  the ability to print elastic and highly vascularized tissues. In particular, fabrication of complex biomimetic structure that are entirely based on 3D bioprinting is still challenging primarily due to the lack of suitable bioinks with high printability, biocompatibility, biomimicry, and proper mechanical properties. To address these shortcomings, in this work the use of recombinant human tropoelastin as a highly biocompatible and elastic bioink for 3D printing of complex soft tissues is demonstrated. As proof of the concept, vascularized cardiac constructs are bioprinted and their functions are assessed in vitro and in vivo. The printed constructs demonstrate endothelium barrier function and spontaneous beating of cardiac muscle cells, which are important functions of cardiac tissue in vivo. Furthermore, the printed construct elicits minimal inflammatory responses, and is shown to be efficiently biodegraded in vivo when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the elastic bioink for printing 3D functional cardiac tissues, which can eventually be used for cardiac tissue replacement.     

微波萃取-GC-MS法测定软包装材料中有机磷酸酯

目的建立有效的阻燃剂使用规范和监管制度,利用微波萃取-GC-MS法测定软包装材料中5种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量。方法以软包装材料为研究对象,样品经微波萃取,采用DB-5色谱柱分离,利用GC-MS进行测定。结果在0.2~50.0 mg/kg范围内,线性相关系数均大于0.9994,线性关系良好;检出限在0.05~0.10 mg/kg之间,定量限在0.2~0.5 mg/kg之间;加标回收率在85.6%~104.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.5%。结论文中方法简便、快速,能够满足软包装材料中对5种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂检测的要求。     

3D Hybrid Small Scale Devices

Interfacing nano/microscale elements with biological components in 3D contexts opens new possibilities for mimicry, bionics, and augmentation of organismically and anatomically inspired materials. Abiotic nanoscale elements such as plasmonic nanostructures, piezoelectric ribbons, and thin film semiconductor devices interact with electromagnetic fields to facilitate advanced capabilities such as communication at a distance, digital feedback loops, logic, and memory. Biological components such as proteins, polynucleotides, cells, and organs feature complex chemical synthetic networks that can regulate growth, change shape, adapt, and regenerate. Abiotic and biotic components can be integrated in all three dimensions in a well‐ordered and programmed manner with high tunability, versatility, and resolution to produce radically new materials and hybrid devices such as sensor fabrics, anatomically mimetic microfluidic modules, artificial tissues, smart prostheses, and bionic devices. In this critical Review, applications of small scale devices in 3D hybrid integration, biomicrofluidics, advanced prostheses, and bionic organs are discussed.     

N-Heterocyclic Olefin Type Ionic Liquid with Innate Soft Lewis-Base Character as an Effective Additive for Hybrid Quasi-2D and 3D Perovskite Solar Cells

In optimizing perovskites with ionic liquid (IL), the comparative study on Lewis acid-base (LAB) and hydrogen-bonding (HB) interactions between IL and perovskite is lacking. Herein, methyl is substituted for hydrogen on 2-position of imidazolium ring of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) type IL IdH to weaken HB interactions, and the resulting N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) type IL IdMe with softer Lewis base character is studied in both hybrid quasi-2D (Q-2D) and 3D perovskites. It is revealed that IdMe participates in constructing high-quality Q-2D perovskite (n = 4) and provides stronger passivation for 3D perovskite compared with IdH. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Q-2D PEA₂MA₃Pb₄I₁₃ perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is boosted to 17.68% from 14.03%. PCE and device stability of 3D PVSCs enhances simultaneously. Both theoretical simulations and experimental results show that LAB interactions between NHO and Pb²⁺ take the primary optimization effects on perovskite. The success of engineering LAB interactions also offers inspiration to develop novel ILs for high-performance PVSCs.