Structure of a biocatalyst fibre containing modified β-galactosidase

Conclusions A connection between the composition of the spinning solution intended for preparation of a biocatalyst fibre, the conditions of fibre spinning, and the porosity characteristics of the fibre structure has been established.The possibility of purposefully regulating the catalytic properties of a biocatalyst fibre by varying the fibre structure has been demonstrated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 21–23, January–February, 1989.     

SBS改性沥青的结构与性能

通过动态黏弹性能、结构分析和沥青基本性能测试研究了SBS和沥青之间的相容性,以及SBS用量对改性沥青的结构与性能的影响。结果表明,SBS与沥青有一定的相容性,沥青中的某些组分可进入SBS的聚丁二烯(PB)链段区域。使PB的玻璃化转变温度升高,在高剪切力作用下也可进入聚苯乙烯(PS)链段,降低了PS的玻璃化转变温度,但不会使PS物理交联点发生严重解体。当SBS质量分数为5％时,SBS在沥青中呈彼此分离的球状颗粒;当SBS质量分数达到7％或以上时,则形成连续相。随着SBS质量分数的增加。改性沥青的软化点和低温延度升高,针入度和高温贮存稳定性下降。     

POE弹性体改性沥青的结构与性能

研究了聚烯烃弹性体（POE）改性沥青的结构和性能,考察了POE用量对两种基质沥青常规性能的影响,并用光学显微镜观察了POE在沥青中的分布状态。结果表明,随着POE用量增加,沥青的软化点增加,25℃针入度减小,高温性能变好。通过储存稳定性实验发现,POE改性沥青后稳定性较差。POE改性沥青相结构研究发现,随着POE用量的增加,POE由分散相变为连续相,POE质量分数为6%时,基质沥青发生相转变。     

Acid-basic and sorption properties of modified polyvinyl alcohol fibre containing polyethylenepolyamine groups

The function of formation of copper(II) ion complexes was determined, and the distribution and separation coefficients of heavy metal ions were calculated in sorption from complex salt solutions. The selectivity of polyamine-containing PVA fibre with respect to copper(II) and lead(II) ions was determined in sorption from complex salt solutions. It was found that the fibre exhibits sorption activity for platinum group metals. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 32–36, January–February, 1998.     

Comparison of the effects of collagen and modified collagen fillers on the properties of XNBR rubber

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 to 30 parts by weight of unmodified and modified collagen on the properties of XNBR rubber vulcanized with a cross‐linking system. This study is a part of experimental series concerning polymeric materials that are biodegradable due to their filling with a waste protein such as collagen. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation and properties of viscose staple fibre modified by grafting polyvinyl chloride

Conclusions 1. The authors have obtained modified viscose fibres containing PVC in amounts reaching 25–230% of the weight of cellulose. The molecular weight of the grafted chain varies between 40,000 and 140,000; the degree of conversion of cellulose does not exceed 13–22%.2. It is shown that grafting of PVC increases the absolute strength and elongation of fibres, reduces the loss of wet strength, and reduces the resistance to repeated bending. A marked reduction of the fibre number reduces their strength.3. The results are explained by the probability that graft copolymerization takes place on a supramolecular level.Moscow Textile Institute. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 30–32, September–October, 1969.     

Thermal and frictional properties of modified sisal fibre/phenolic resin composites

Abstract

In order to enhance the bonding force of sisal fibres (SF) and polymer matrix, different surface modifiers (alkali, coupling agent and borax) were used to treat the fibres. The SF/phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin composites were prepared through compression moulding. Thermal properties of the treated SFs and fibre composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and thermal expansion analysis. The effect of SF modification on the friction and wear properties of composites was investigated using wear tester under dry condition. The treated fibre surface and the worn surfaces of SF/PF composites were observed by SEM. The results showed that the surface of SF became rough after borax treatment, and the initial decomposition temperature increased by 13·6°C, compared to untreated SF. Thermal stability and wear properties of the PF composites with treated fibre were obviously increased due to the fibre modification. For example, wear volume of the composites with sisal treated by borax decreased by 73·3%. Scanning electron microscopy photos showed that the wear mechanism changed from fatigue wear to slight plough wear.     

复合橡胶改性聚苯乙烯的结构与性能

研究了复合橡胶对高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)结构与性能的影响,并用透射电子显微镜对HIPS进行了表征。结果表明:低顺聚丁二烯橡胶(简称低顺橡胶)能增加HIPS橡胶相体积分数,使橡胶粒子形态分布更均匀;高顺聚丁二烯橡胶(简称高顺橡胶)有利于提高产品的韧性;低顺橡胶对HIPS弯曲强度和拉伸强度的增加贡献更大;采用高顺橡胶与低顺橡胶复合,能够协调HIPS的韧性、弯曲强度和拉伸强度。     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的结构与性能

将水溶性聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白进行湿法纺丝,初生纤维经过热拉伸、热定型和缩醛化等后处理,制得胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维。结果表明,纺丝过程中固含量为16%的原液纺得的复合纤维的蛋白质存留率可以达到98%以上,原液固含量为18%的蛋白质存留率为40%～50%;扫描电镜观察表明,复合纤维为异形纤维,截面呈菊花状,原液固含量为16%的复合纤维断裂强度、初始模量分别为7．07,108．66 cN/dtex,结晶度为47．16%,复合纤维的上染率可达到95%以上,水中软化点温度为100℃以上。     

Structure and properties of short fibre reinforced silica matrix composite foams

Glass (GFC) and silica (SFC) fibre reinforced silica matrix composite foams with 84–90% porosity content have been developed through slurry-based processing, involving random dispersion of 10 wt.% fibres with aspect ratios of >1000 in hydrophobized silica-based suspensions, and direct foaming for air entrapment. Fibre entanglement has not been found either in the suspensions or in the sintered composite foams. Microstructural and mercury porosimetry studies of the composite foams have shown a trimodal size distribution with small (4–8 μm), medium (40–200 μm), and large (1 mm or more) pores. The pores appear spherical and interconnected, with the fibres embedded in cell-walls or struts. The dynamic Young's modulus of the silica-coated GFCs is found to be 3.5 and 5.2 times that of the coated and uncoated monolithic silica foams, respectively, confirming that both fibre-reinforcement and the presence of surface coating are beneficial for increase in stiffness of the composite foams.     

高含量胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维的结构与性能

在胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混溶液中,加入连接剂三氯化铝和戊二醛,经湿法纺丝、热拉伸定型和后交联处理制得胶原蛋白质量分数为45.17%的胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维,研究了复合纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维横截面呈圆形,具有皮芯结构,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为2.14cN/dtex和46.32%,结晶度为41.1%,水中软化点和回潮率分别为101℃和11.50%。     

石墨烯改性环氧树脂复合材料的结构及性能

以结构、性能和应用为主线,总结分析了功能化石墨烯的制备方法及其与环氧树脂复合材料的研究近况,并对其未来发展的主攻方向进行了展望。解决功能化石墨烯与环氧树脂间界面相容性差的技术难题,提高功能化石墨烯在环氧树脂基体中分散的均匀性和稳定性将是制备高性能石墨烯基环氧树脂复合材料的关键,也是该领域今后研究的主题。     

MWNTs改性Lyocell基碳纤维的结构及性能研究

以纤维素浆粕为原料,添加多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)制备纤维素质量分数为10%的纺丝原液,经干喷湿法纺丝制得MWNTs改性Lyocell纤维原丝,再经多段预氧化、高温碳化处理制备了MWNTs改性Lyocell基碳纤维,研究了所得碳纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:MWNTs改性Lyocell基碳纤维的表面比较光洁,没有明显的孔洞缺陷,MWNTs在碳纤维中的分散情况与其添加量有密切的关系;与纯Lyocell基碳纤维相比,MWNTs改性Lyocell基碳纤维的力学性能明显提高,含质量分数1%MWNTs的改性碳纤维的强度和模量分别提高了70%和116%;添加MWNTs质量分数1%的Lyocell纤维更适合作为碳纤维原丝,所得碳纤维形态结构完善、力学性能好。     

聚乙二醇改性壳聚糖薄膜结构与性质的研究

将壳聚糖与聚乙二醇进行共混,利用溶剂挥发成膜法制备了壳聚糖/聚乙二醇二元共混薄膜。通过红外光谱、偏光显微镜、AFM等研究了共混膜的表面形貌、微结构及力学性能。结果表明:聚乙二醇可明显改善壳聚糖薄膜的脆性,当w(PEO)≤20%时,共混物各组分间有较好的相容性。偏光显微镜照片显示共混膜中聚乙二醇颗粒结晶结构随着聚乙二醇量的增加变得更为完整。