共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Daniel Spikol Emanuele Ruffaldi Giacomo Dabisias Mutlu Cukurova 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2018,34(4):366-377
Multimodal learning analytics provides researchers new tools and techniques to capture different types of data from complex learning activities in dynamic learning environments. This paper investigates the use of diverse sensors, including computer vision, user‐generated content, and data from the learning objects (physical computing components), to record high‐fidelity synchronised multimodal recordings of small groups of learners interacting. We processed and extracted different aspects of the students' interactions to answer the following question: Which features of student group work are good predictors of team success in open‐ended tasks with physical computing? To answer this question, we have explored different supervised machine learning approaches (traditional and deep learning techniques) to analyse the data coming from multiple sources. The results illustrate that state‐of‐the‐art computational techniques can be used to generate insights into the \"black box\" of learning in students' project‐based activities. The features identified from the analysis show that distance between learners' hands and faces is a strong predictor of students' artefact quality, which can indicate the value of student collaboration. Our research shows that new and promising approaches such as neural networks, and more traditional regression approaches can both be used to classify multimodal learning analytics data, and both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research questions and contexts being investigated. The work presented here is a significant contribution towards developing techniques to automatically identify the key aspects of students success in project‐based learning environments, and to ultimately help teachers provide appropriate and timely support to students in these fundamental aspects. 相似文献
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Roberto Martinez-Maldonado Jurgen Schulte Vanessa Echeverria Yuveena Gopalan Simon Buckingham Shum 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2020,36(5):741-762
The term Classroom Proxemics refers to how teachers and students use classroom space, and the impact of this and the spatial design on learning and teaching. This study addresses the divide between, on the one hand, substantial work on proxemics based on classroom observations and, on the other hand, emerging work to design automated feedback that helps teachers identify salient patterns in their use of the classroom space. This study documents how digital analytics were designed in service of a senior teacher's practice-based inquiry into classroom proxemics. Indoor positioning data from four teachers were analysed, visualized and used as evidence to compare three distinct learning designs enacted in a physics classroom. This study demonstrates how teachers can make effective use of such visualizations, to gain insight into their classroom practice. This is evidenced by (a) documenting teachers' reflections on visualizations of positioning data, both their own and that of peers and (b) identifying the types of indicator (operationalized as analytical metrics) that foreground the most useful information for teachers to gain insight into their practice. 相似文献
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Daniele Di Mitri Jan Schneider Marcus Specht Hendrik Drachsler 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2018,34(4):338-349
Multimodality in learning analytics and learning science is under the spotlight. The landscape of sensors and wearable trackers that can be used for learning support is evolving rapidly, as well as data collection and analysis methods. Multimodal data can now be collected and processed in real time at an unprecedented scale. With sensors, it is possible to capture observable events of the learning process such as learner's behaviour and the learning context. The learning process, however, consists also of latent attributes, such as the learner's cognitions or emotions. These attributes are unobservable to sensors and need to be elicited by human‐driven interpretations. We conducted a literature survey of experiments using multimodal data to frame the young research field of multimodal learning analytics. The survey explored the multimodal data used in related studies (the input space) and the learning theories selected (the hypothesis space). The survey led to the formulation of the Multimodal Learning Analytics Model whose main objectives are of (O1) mapping the use of multimodal data to enhance the feedback in a learning context; (O2) showing how to combine machine learning with multimodal data; and (O3) aligning the terminology used in the field of machine learning and learning science. 相似文献
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H.J. Pijeira-Díaz H. Drachsler P.A. Kirschner S. Järvelä 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2018,34(4):397-408
Low arousal states (especially boredom) have been shown to be more deleterious to learning than high arousal states, though the latter have received much more attention (e.g., test anxiety, confusion, and frustration). Aiming at profiling arousal in the classroom (how active students are) and examining how activation levels relate to achievement, we studied sympathetic arousal during two runs of an elective advanced physics course in a real classroom setting, including the course exam. Participants were high school students (N = 24) who were randomly selected from the course population. Arousal was indexed from electrodermal activity, measured unobtrusively via the Empatica E4 wristband. Low arousal was the level with the highest incidence (60% of the lesson on average) and longest persistence, lasting on average three times longer than medium arousal and two times longer than high arousal level occurrences. During the course exam, arousal was positively and highly correlated (r = .66) with achievement as measured by the students' grades. Implications for a need to focus more on addressing low arousal states in learning are discussed, together with potential applications for biofeedback, teacher intervention, and instructional design. 相似文献
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眼睛状态的跟踪具有广泛的应用,如在面部表情分析和驾驶疲劳报警系统的应用方面,此时需要跟踪的不仅仅是人眼的位置,而且还需要返回眼睛的状态,以及眼睛模型的参数.基于眼睛特征跟踪的眼睛状态跟踪方法是先检测出表征眼睛状态的眼睛特征,然后通过跟踪这些特征达到跟踪眼睛状态的目的.在实验平台是PⅡ/500微机,256M内存,Windows 2000操作系统中处理速度是接近每秒7帧.对214图像序列进行了实验测试,跟踪精度达到97.6%. 相似文献
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为进一步提高测谎的准确度,加快促成测谎结论成为刑事诉讼中的证据,提出一种低成本的将眼睛变化线索用于测谎的方案。首先设计了一种低成本的眼动记录系统记录眼动信号,提出分段加权Hough变换算法跟踪虹膜,利用梯度积分投影函数检测眨眼,采用差分图像估计眼睛张开程度。然后建立了眼动轨迹、眨眼频率及眼睛张开程度等眼动特征与说谎的关系模型。实验取得的眼动特征检测精度证明采用低成本眼动记录系统基本可以满足测谎需求,测谎实验结果证明了本文方法用于测谎或辅助测谎的可行性。 相似文献
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研究阅读过程中的视觉注意行为特征,基于眼动数据和文本主题进行阅读行为特征和文档结构的分析,设计了眼动热区图、圆环图、节点链接图、词云等可视化形式.在此基础上开发了面向阅读辅助的可视分析原型系统,该系统记录专家用户(如老师)的眼动数据,然后通过可视化形式分享给新手用户(如学生).用户实验结果表明,实验组用户的阅读理解客观题和主观题得分平均值分别比对照组用户提高了31.8%和55.0%,阅读和答题总用时比对照组用户平均减少了9.7%,可以有效帮助读者提高阅读效率、快速抓住文章重点和更好地理解文章内容,具有一定的有效性和可行性. 相似文献
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眼动跟踪方法具有很强的视觉指向性,可以将其应用于面向大屏幕的目标选择,进而避免鼠标操作方式在空间上的远距离移动.然而,仅仅利用眼动跟踪进行选择操作,也会产生选择精度降低、容易产生误操作等问题.因此,为了实现大屏幕上快速、准确的目标选择,提出一种融合眼动跟踪与手势的多通道交互方法,即通过眼动跟踪选择目标,利用手势进行选择确认.在目标尺寸小、目标间距较小时,通过光标稳定和二次选择机制进一步对交互过程进行优化.用户测试结果表明,该方法可以在大屏幕上针对不同尺寸和间距的目标完成有效的选择操作,与仅使用眼动跟踪的目标选择方法相比,任务完成速度提升了16%,任务完成正确率提升了82.6%.此外,针对层级菜单的具体选择任务,该方法与仅使用眼动跟踪的方法相比,任务完成速度提升了13.6%,任务完成正确率提升了55.7%.此外,该方法总体性能接近传统的鼠标操作方式,进一步验证了该方法在实际应用中的有效性. 相似文献
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Katerina Mangaroska Roberto Martinez-Maldonado Boban Vesin Dragan Gašević 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2021,37(4):1030-1047
Multimodal data have the potential to explore emerging learning practices that extend human cognitive capacities. A critical issue stretching in many multimodal learning analytics (MLA) systems and studies is the current focus aimed at supporting researchers to model learner behaviours, rather than directly supporting learners. Moreover, many MLA systems are designed and deployed without learners' involvement. We argue that in order to create MLA interfaces that directly support learning, we need to gain an expanded understanding of how multimodal data can support learners' authentic needs. We present a qualitative study in which 40 computer science students were tracked in an authentic learning activity using wearable and static sensors. Our findings outline learners' curated representations about multimodal data and the non-technical challenges in using these data in their learning practice. The paper discusses 10 dimensions that can serve as guidelines for researchers and designers to create effective and ethically aware student-facing MLA innovations. 相似文献
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Y‐M. Huang C‐J. Liu R. Shadiev M‐H. Shen W‐Y. Hwang 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2015,31(6):529-545
One major drawback of previous research on speech‐to‐text recognition (STR) is that most findings showing the effectiveness of STR for learning were based upon subjective evidence. Very few studies have used eye‐tracking techniques to investigate visual attention of students on STR‐generated text. Furthermore, not much attention was paid to learning differences, such as learning ability, learning style preferences and gender, to use STR texts. Therefore, this study carried out one experiment. Firstly, participants' visual attention on STR‐generated text was investigated by employing eye‐tracking technique. Secondly, how differently effective STR‐generated texts can be to influence participants' learning achievement was tested. Thirdly, this study compared visual attention and learning behaviour with the different characteristics of participants, such as learning ability, learning style preferences and gender, to use STR‐generated texts. Finally, this study explored students' perceptions regarding usefulness of STR‐generated texts for learning. This paper discusses results, research findings and implications along with conclusions and several suggestions for future development and research. 相似文献
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随着眼动跟踪技术在实际应用中的普及,大量眼动数据需要通过合理的可视化方式进行处理与分析,在这种背景下,眼动数据可视化在基础理论、方法和应用研究等方面得到了快速发展.文中总结了眼动数据的预处理与参数化方法,并在此基础上介绍了眼动数据可视化的基本框架和4种主要可视化方法:扫描路径法、热区图法、感兴趣区法和三维空间法;进而介绍了眼动数据可视化在用户界面可用性评估等方面的应用实例.最后对眼动数据可视化未来的研究趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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目的虚拟制造环境中需要复杂精确的3D人机交互。目前的虚拟环境(VE)的主要问题是人在交互过程中的认知和操作负荷太重,交互效率亟需提高。解决此问题的重要途径是提高机器的认知能力。方法本文研究了用户意图的分析和抽取,并建立多通道用户意图理解的算法,以此来提高交互效率。结果结合虚拟装配应用给出了典型意图的实验结果并给予分析。通过实验对多通道意图的可用性和可靠性,以及基于意图系统的实时性进行了评估。实验是虚拟装配空间中用户拾取对象意图的实验。当3维鼠标和对象距离为5 000 mm时,传统系统中操作平均耗时5.344 7 s,而基于意图的系统中平均耗时2.326 6 s。基于意图的系统极大地降低了操作的时间和复杂度。结论采用意图驱动的系统情景转换能在虚拟环境工作中有效地降低人的认知负荷,并能很好地帮助系统开发者进行混成系统的建模和分析,降低开发的复杂度。实践结果表明用户意图理解的多通道模型和算法能极大地提高交互式系统的交互自然性和交互效率。该方法不仅适用于本文所用的虚拟装配系统,对于所有的虚拟环境应用场景都有同样的有效性。 相似文献
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For primary school students, mathematical word problems are often more difficult to solve than straightforward number problems. Word problems require reading and analysis skills, and in order to explain their situational contexts, the proper mathematical knowledge and number operations have to be selected. To improve students' ability in solving word problems, the problem solving process could be supported by procedural and content specific guidance or with only procedural support.. This paper evaluates the effect of two types of hints, procedural only and content‐procedural, provided by a computer programme presented in two versions. Students of grade 6 were randomly assigned to these two versions, which offered five lesson units consisting of eight word problems each. The results indicate that on average the students in the procedural‐content hints group (n = 54) finished about just as many problems in the programme as their counterparts in the procedural‐only condition (n = 51). However, the participants in the first group solved more problems correctly and improved their problem‐solving skills more as indicated by the scores on the problem‐solving post‐test. Apart from presenting our analysis of the findings of this study, also its limitations and its possible implications for future research are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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Margot van Wermeskerken Bianca Grimmius Tamara van Gog 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2018,34(1):32-41
We investigated the effects of seeing the instructor's (i.e., the model's) face in video modeling examples on students' attention and their learning outcomes. Research with university students suggested that the model's face attracts students' attention away from what the model is doing, but this did not hamper learning. We aimed to investigate whether we would replicate this finding in adolescents (prevocational education) and to establish how adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, who have been found to look less at faces generally, would process video examples in which the model's face is visible. Results showed that typically developing adolescents who did see the model's face paid significantly less attention to the task area than typically developing adolescents who did not see the model's face. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder paid less attention to the model's face and more to the task demonstration area than typically developing adolescents who saw the model's face. These differences in viewing behavior, however, did not affect learning outcomes. This study provides further evidence that seeing the model's face in video examples affects students' attention but not their learning outcomes. 相似文献
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提出了一种可以在嵌入式平台上实时运行的驾驶员状态检测算法. 状态检测采用了基于统计学习的Adaboost算法与动态建模算法. 与传统的采用主动红外光的方法相比, 本系统采用对人眼更为安全的被动式方法, 且对光线的变化有更好的鲁棒性. 算法的主要创新点是: 1) 提出了检测区域自适应调整的单双眼检测相结合的Adaboost人眼检测算法, 提高了人眼检测的准确性与速度; 2)提出基于高斯混合模型的人眼动态建模跟踪算法, 自动提取驾驶员眼睛区域灰度分布的信息, 实现了对不同驾驶员人眼的建模与跟踪定位. 在多个公共数据集以及实车采集的视频上进行的实验表明, 该算法能够准确判断驾驶员的状态, 满足实时处理的要求. 相似文献
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