添加改性纳米SiO2对芳纶纸性能的影响

采用4种不同用量的硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米SiO₂表面进行改性,并检测改性后纳米SiO₂粒径的大小;研究了改性后纳米SiO₂的添加量对芳纶纸性能的影响;通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察添加改性纳米SiO₂后芳纶纸的表观形貌,并将纳米SiO₂添加前后纸张抗张强度和介电强度进行了对比。结果表明,随着硅烷偶联剂用量的增加,改性纳米SiO₂的粒径有所减小;当纳米SiO₂与硅烷偶联剂KH-550配比为5 g∶20 mL、改性纳米SiO₂添加量为5%时,芳纶纸的抗张强度提高了66.2%,硅烷偶联剂用量的增加对纸张伸长率有一定影响,其紧度变化不明显;SEM图显示改性纳米SiO₂粒子填充在纸张空隙处利于纸张性能的增强;添加改性纳米SiO₂较未添加纳米SiO₂和添加未改性纳米SiO₂芳纶纸的抗张强度和介电强度均有所提高。     

纤维素纳米晶体对热升华转印纸涂层性能影响研究

本研究通过酸水解法制备纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）悬浮液,将其加入SiO₂/羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）涂料中,形成一种热升华转印纸生物基涂层。结果表明,CNC对SiO₂/CMC团聚具有一定的分散作用。与SiO₂/CMC涂层的热升华转印纸相比,CNC添加量为2.0%的SiO₂/CMC/CNC涂层的热升华转印纸纵、横向抗张指数分别提高了9.2%、9.3%,平滑度提高了31.9%,透气度下降了46.0%,油墨吸收值下降了3.4%、干燥速度提高了24.3%,承印物平均色密度值由1.01升高至1.21,油墨转移率由80.1%升高至88.5%。由此可见,CNC添加提高了热升华转印纸的机械和热转印性能。     

两种来源的针叶木及进口微晶纤维素性能的对比

微晶纤维素(MCC)的制备原料在一定程度上决定了其性能。在同一工艺条件下采用不同的针叶木溶解浆制备得到不同的MCC,与进口的MCC在粒径大小及分布、流动性、结晶度和微观形貌等方面进行了对比分析。结果表明,在粒径大小及分布方面,马尾松制得的MCC的粒径及分布情况与进口MCC相似,而进口针叶木制得的MCC粒径较小且分布更集中;进口的MCC流动性优于另外两者;XRD分析表明,马尾松制得的MCC具有较高的结晶度值,进口微晶纤维素次之,进口针叶木制得的MCC结晶度值最低;SEM分析表明,针叶木制得的MCC均存在薄片状结构,而进口MCC更粗壮一点,流动性相比会更好。     

Mg（OH）2粒径对辐射松氧脱木素的影响

为进一步探讨镁盐作为纤维素保护剂的作用机制,研究了纸浆氧脱木素过程中添加不同粒径（20、50、100、200、500 nm）的Mg（OH）₂对添加多种过渡金属离子（Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺和Fe³⁺）的辐射松硫酸盐浆氧脱木素的影响,通过测定氧脱木素后纸浆卡伯值和黏度,分析不同粒径Mg（OH）₂对纤维素的保护效果。研究结果表明,在纸浆氧脱木素过程中,不同粒径的Mg（OH）₂对纸浆卡伯值、木素脱除率没有显著影响;但小粒径的Mg（OH）₂对纸浆黏度的保护能力要优于大粒径的Mg（OH）₂。氧脱木素中添加Mg（OH）₂粒径越小,纸浆黏度降低越少,手抄片物理强度越大。     

Ni/γ-AlO2O3油脂加氢催化剂的制备研究

以γ-AlO₂O₃为载体,硝酸镧为助剂,采用沉淀法制备了负载型Ni/γ-γ-AlO₂O₃油脂加氢催化剂。考察了中和反应温度、中和反应时间、搅拌速度和老化时间对催化剂活性的影响,得到催化剂最佳制备条件为：中和反应温度85℃,中和反应时间60 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,老化时间1.5 h。分别采用X射线衍射、物理吸附和激光粒度测定对自制催化剂和两种进口催化剂进行了表征,结果表明自制催化剂的比表面积和粒度分布与进口催化剂接近,孔容、孔径较进口催化剂大得多。采用棕榈油加氢反应对比了3种催化剂的加氢性能,结果显示自制催化剂活性优于进口催化剂。     

用于化机浆过氧化氢漂白的几种新型稳定剂的性能比较

本研究探讨了3种稳定剂（LS-8838、SB-005和KML）替代传统Na₂SiO₃用于化机浆过氧化氢漂白的可行性及优缺点,优化了漂白稳定剂的使用条件,比较了3种漂白稳定剂与Na₂SiO₃在过氧化氢漂白过程中的结垢现象。结果表明,针对未漂杨木化学机械浆进行过氧化氢漂白,当NaOH用量3%、H₂O₂用量5%、漂白时间60 min时,漂白稳定剂（LS-8838、SB-005、KML）的最佳使用条件均为添加量0.3%、浆浓25%,漂白温度80 ℃。3种漂白稳定剂添加量为0.3%的漂白效果均能达到Na₂SiO₃添加量为1.5%的漂白效果,纸浆白度分别为75.4%、76.4%、74.4%;与Na₂SiO₃漂白相比,残余H₂O₂含量分别提高了62.5%、135.4%和87.5%;纸张抗张指数分别提高了14.3%、18.6%、0.6%。其中SB-005处理过的纸浆白度、纸张抗张强度最佳,但其硅含量较高,结垢现象比较严重;无磷低硅LS-8838与含磷无硅KML的漂白效果（残余H₂O₂含量、白度、强度）也优于Na₂SiO₃的漂白效果,其中LS-8838漂白效果最佳且无结垢现象,可作为Na₂SiO₃的替代品。     

OPA-UiO-66/棉浆纤维复合材料的制备及其油水分离性能

以棉浆纤维（CF）为基底材料,Zr₆O₄（OH）₄（BDC）₆（UiO-66）为金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）,采用水热合成法制备了UiO-66/CF;利用磷酸正十八酯（OPA）改性UiO-66/CF,在其表面引入疏水烷基链,合成了OPA-UiO-66/CF,并对其表面形貌、结晶结构、疏水亲油性能等进行了分析表征。结果表明,UiO-66可均匀负载在CF表面,且生长在CF表面的UiO-66晶体粒径是纯相UiO-66晶体粒径的1/10;OPA-UiO-66/CF具有疏水亲油性能,对油包水乳液的分离效率可达99.6%。     

低共熔溶剂结合球磨工艺制备MCC及其在片剂中的应用性能研究

采用氯化胆碱/甲酸（ChCl/FA）、氯化胆碱/草酸（ChCl/OA）、氯化胆碱/柠檬酸（ChCl/CA）3种低共熔溶剂（DES）处理杨木溶解浆,结合球磨处理制备微晶纤维素（MCC）,探讨了不同DES体系下时间、温度对MCC聚合度、粒径等性能的影响;并以布洛芬为模型药物,将MCC作为药用辅料填充在布洛芬片中,研究了MCC粒径及用量对片剂崩解时间、累积释放率等性能的影响。结果表明,ChCl/FA体系在100℃、60 min时制备的MCC流动性最好;在不添加崩解剂的情况下,当MCC填充量为35.0%时,片剂的崩解时间为190 s,60 min内累积释放率可达86.58%,且具有较高的硬度和抗张强度,显示出DES法制备的MCC用作药用辅料具有良好的填充效果。     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水研究

本研究采用N-甲基吡咯烷酮复合MoS₂与g-C₃N₄,制得MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、光致发光光谱仪（PL）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合纳米催化剂进行表征,并利用MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水。结果表明,少量MoS₂与g-C₃N₄复合可提高复合光催化剂的光催化活性,反应时间180 min、pH值5、1.5% MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂投加量为2 g/L时,对造纸废水的COD_Cr去除率和色度去除率最高,分别达到63.4%和83.2%。MoS₂/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性有所增强是由于MoS₂与g-C₃N₄的能带结构匹配,降低了光生电子-空穴的复合几率,从而提高了催化剂的光催化活性。     

咖啡果壳微晶纤维素制备及其吸附性能研究

目的：利用咖啡果壳制备高吸附能力微晶纤维素。方法：用酸解法制备咖啡果壳微晶纤维素,考察酸解时间、酸解温度、盐酸质量分数和料液比对微晶纤维素得率和吸附能力的影响。结果：咖啡果壳微晶纤维素的最佳制备工艺为酸解时间95 min,盐酸质量分数16%,料液比（m_{咖啡果壳纤维素}∶V_酸）1∶22 （g/mL）,酸解温度60 ℃,该工艺条件下咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率为80.08%,对香精的吸附能力为0.89 g/g。结论：料液比对咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率影响最大,酸解温度对其吸附能力影响最大,优化工艺得到的咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率高,吸附能力强。     

Characterization of the second form of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene from arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4

The second type of cytochrome b5 reductase (Cb5R-II) gene was characterized in the arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Its cDNA (897 bp) and predicted amino acid (298 aa) sequences show more than 70% similarity to the previously isolated first type of Cb5R. Highly conserved exon-intron organization suggests that the two genes evolved from the duplication of a common ancestral gene. Cb5R-II has a flavin-binding domain at its highly hydrophobic N-terminal and an NADH-binding domain at the C-terminal. In comparison with Cb5R genes from other sources, high homology (46-54%) was found for yeast and plant genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that microbial and plant Cb5R genes represent a gene family evolved from one prototype and are different from mammalian Cb5R genes.     

Identification and characterization of Dekkera bruxellensis, Candida pararugosa, and Pichia guilliermondii isolated from commercial red wines

Yeast isolates from commercial red wines were characterized with regards to tolerances to molecular SO₂, ethanol, and temperature as well as synthesis of 4-ethyl-phenol/4-ethyl-guaiacol in grape juice or wine. Based on rDNA sequencing, nine of the 11 isolates belonged to Dekkera bruxellensis (B1a, B1b, B2a, E1, F1a, F3, I1a, N2, and P2) while the other two were Candida pararugosa (Q2) and Pichia guilliermondii (Q3). Strains B1b, Q2, and Q3 were much more resistant to molecular SO₂ in comparison to the other strains of Dekkera. These strains were inoculated (10³–10⁴ cfu/ml) along with lower populations of Saccharomyces (<500 cfu/ml) into red grape juice and red wine incubated at two temperatures, 15 °C and 21 °C. Although Saccharomyces quickly dominated fermentations in grape juice, B1b and Q2 grew and eventually reached populations >10⁵ cfu/ml. In wine, Q3 never entered logarithmic growth and quickly died in contrast to Q2 which survived >40 days after inoculation. B1b grew well in wine incubated at 21 °C while slower growth was observed at 15 °C. Neither Q2 nor Q3 produced 4-ethyl-phenol or 4-ethyl-guaiacol, unlike B1b. However, lower concentrations of volatile phenols were present in wine incubated at 15 °C compared to 21 °C.     

基于ARTP技术选育维生素K2优势菌株及发酵培养基优化

本研究目的在于获得维生素K₂优势突变株,并利用响应面设计优化发酵培养基进一步提高其产量。采取常压室温等离子体诱变技术结合结构类似物抗性初筛、24孔板发酵复筛,对纳豆芽孢杆菌进行诱变选育,并应用Box-Behnken设计对发酵培养基进行优化。通过ARTP诱变选育得到一株维生素K₂优势突变株,维生素K2产量较初始菌株提高了3.23倍。Box-Behnken实验优化后,最佳值为K₂HPO₄（0.69 g/L）,甘油（66.01 g/L）和酵母粉（25.12 g/L）,发酵后维生素K₂产量较优化前提高了56.7%。通过ARPT技术诱变选育出一株维生素K2优势突变株,采用响应面法优化发酵培养基。实验结果表明,突变株具有潜在的生产应用价值,建立的育种方法也可为其他工业微生物的选育提供有益的参考,对提高人们的健康水平具有十分重要的意义。     

Characterization of Lactobacillus isolates from fermented olives and their bacteriocin gene profiles

Near one hundred isolates of Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum from table olives were studied. Strains were genotyped by rep-PCR. Although the technique failed to differentiate some isolates at the species level, it proved a robust and easy procedure that could be useful for distinguishing between related strains of L. paraplantarum, L. pentosus and L. plantarum from a large pool of unrelated strains of these species. A PCR-based screening revealed the presence of the plantaricin encoding genes plnA, plnB, plnC, plnD, plnE/F, plnF, plnI, plnJ, plnK, plnG and plnN in most isolates of the three species. Sequences of bacteriocin genes present in L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus were homologous to L. plantarum genes. Through a discriminating analysis of the bacteriocin gene profiles, it was possible to establish a relationship between the origin of isolation and the LAB isolates, regardless of species.     

含水量对新疆鲜食核桃贮藏期黄曲霉生长及黄曲霉毒素M1积累的影响

目的:提高新疆鲜食核桃的贮藏安全性。方法:以新疆“新2”薄皮核桃为材料，无菌水接种为对照组，黄曲霉菌接种为试验组，将从自然霉变核桃上分离纯化出的黄曲霉菌人工接种至不同含水量(10%,15%,20%,25%,30%)的新疆薄皮鲜食核桃上，探究黄曲霉菌生长量及产毒变化情况。结果:最适宜黄曲霉菌生长繁殖并分泌黄曲霉毒素M₁的核桃含水量为15%;随着核桃含水量的升高，黄曲霉菌生长量呈先上升后下降趋势，但各含水量之间的生长量各不相同，且黄曲霉菌生长量与产生黄曲霉毒素M₁的量成正比。结论:原料的含水量与黄曲霉菌生长量及产生黄曲霉毒素M₁的量有着密切的关系。     

枯草芽孢杆菌P spovG启动子改造与表征

枯草芽孢杆菌是重要的工业生产菌株,广泛应用于外源蛋白质的表达。目前在枯草芽孢杆菌中常见组成型启动子中,P_spovG作为高强度组成型启动子在表达外源蛋白质时,具有表达量高、稳定性好和适用范围广等优势。作者首先对P_spovG上游序列截短,发现将启动子上游序列由原来的251个碱基缩短为26个,仍能保持启动子强度不降低,并确定了紧邻-35元件上游的3个碱基“AGC”为影响启动子强度的关键碱基。其次对启动子的上游A-T富含区以及spacer区域的G-C富含区进行随机突变,证明了上游激活序列中A-T碱基的排列对启动子强度有重要影响,并得到了强度提高的突变体。最后通过将不同表达时期启动子的关键调控序列分别插入突变体的上下游,得到了启动子强度为原始启动子135.1%的新型启动子SP_spovG-P_lytR。本研究为枯草芽孢杆菌表达系统开发新型强组成型启动子提供了重要的参考。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Cucurbita ficifolia</Emphasis> seed oil

Pumpkin, Cucurbita ficifolia, seed oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) in the temperature range of 308–318 K and in the pressure range of 18–20 MPa. In addition, the influence of the superficial velocity within a tubular extractor was studied. The oil content determined by a Soxhlet apparatus was 43.5%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the oil were obtained. The results in terms of free fatty acids contents were compared with those obtained when n-hexane was used as the solvent, and no significant differences between the oils extracted by both methods were found. The main fatty acid was 6-linoleic acid (about 60%), followed by palmitic acid (about 15%) and oleic acid (about 14%). Oxidative stability was studied by using the induction time determined by the Rancimat method. The oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was less protected against oxidation (4.2 h for SFE-extracted oil and 8.3 h for the pumpkin seed oil extracted with n-hexane). The oil extracted by SC-CO₂ was clearer than that extracted by n-hexane, showing some refining. The acidity index was 5.5 for the n-hexane extracted oil. For the oils extracted by SC-CO₂, two analyses were made: for the oils obtained at 15 min of extraction time, for which the acidity indices varied from about 15 to 20, and for the remaining oils (extracted until 150 min), for which the acidity indices varied from about 2 to 2.6. The central composite nonfactorial design was used to optimise the extraction conditions, using the Statistica, version 5, software (Statsoft). The best results, in terms of oil recovered by SC-CO₂, were found at 19 MPa, 308 K and a superficial velocity of 6.0×10^–4 ms^–1.     

Effects of H2O2 under low- and high-aeration-level conditions on growth and catalase activity in Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans T-2-2T

The effects of H2O2 under low- and high-aeration-level conditions on growth and catalase activity in Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans T-2-2T were investigated. Continuous addition of 5-200 mM H2O2 to the culture medium from the mid-exponential growth phase enhanced the growth of the strain under the low-aeration-level condition, whereas the addition of 5-50 mM H2O2 decreased intracellular specific catalase activity and extracellular total catalases activity. The detection of extracellular catalase by the cells and the decrease in intracellular specific catalase activity and extracellular total catalase activity under the high-aeration-level condition account for the stimulation of growth by the introduced H2O2 and the decrease in catalase activities induced by O(2) from H2O2 in the medium. On the other hand, the addition of H2O2 to the medium prior to the initiation of growth inhibited the growth but increased the specific activity of intracellular catalase in the stationary growth phase. Strain T-2-2T grew when 10 mM H2O2 was added to the medium prior to growth. However, the growth was completely inhibited by the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). The continuous addition of H2O2 at an appropriate concentration from prior to the initiation of growth to the stationary growth phase under the low-aeration-level condition resulted in higher intracellular specific catalase activity and cell growth rate than single H2O2 addition prior to growth.     

氧化亚铜-纤维素复合材料的制备与应用进展

纤维素高值化利用是传统制浆造纸产业向生物质高效利用综合平台转型升级的关键。纤维素表面上的亲水羟基可通过配位作用和电荷效应促进晶体在其表面的成核生长,是负载无机纳米颗粒的优秀载体。氧化亚铜（Cu₂O）是一种具有可见光催化活性、广谱杀菌性能的p型半导体,可应用在传感器、能量储存与转化、抗菌材料等领域。本文介绍了通过水热法、化学液相还原法、电化学沉积法在纤维素上负载Cu₂O的研究进展,并总结了Cu₂O-纤维素复合材料在光催化降解、抗菌材料和新型织物等领域中的应用,最后对Cu₂O-纤维素复合材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。