镁基纳米复合材料在模拟体液中的腐蚀行为

以AZ80A市售镁合金为参照，研究了镁基纳米复合材料镁，即：碳纳米管（Mg／CNT）复合材料及氧化镁（Mg／MgO）纳米复合材料在模拟体液中的腐蚀行为．浸泡过程中测量溶液的pH值变化，在浸泡1、4、8、10、20和30d后计算其腐蚀速率，并通过XRD分析腐蚀产物成分．结果显示：Mg／MgO纳米复合材料比Mg／CNT复合材料耐腐蚀，Mg／CNT复合材料在4d时已经腐蚀完，AZSOA型镁舍金最耐腐蚀。三者的腐蚀产物成分基本相同，均为Mg2CI（0H）3-4H2O及少量的MgCl2.     

Homogeneous corrosion of high pressure torsion treated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in simulated body fluid

Magnesium alloys have got extensive attention as biodegradable implant materials due to their biodegradability in the physiological environment and similar elastic modulus to natural bone. But their poor corrosion resistance is a dominant problem that limits their clinical application due to the inhomogeneous distribution of the second phase. Nevertheless, after high pressure torsion (HPT) treatment, the second phase became nano-sized particles and distributed uniformly in grain interiors instead of along grain boundaries. The immersion tests indicated that the HPT-treated sample exhibited homogeneous corrosion resulting from the uniform distribution of the second phase. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization experiments showed that, compared with the as-cast alloy, the corrosion current density of the HPT-treated alloy decreased from 5.3 × 10^− 4 A/cm² to 3.3 × 10^− 6 A/cm².     

Effect of different processings on mechanical property and corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy for cardiovascular stent application

The biomagnesium alloys have been considered to be one of the most potential biodegradable metal materials due to its good mechanical compatibility, biological compatibility, biological security and biodegradable characteristics. However, the two major problems of high degradation rates in physiological environment and low mechanical properties prevent the development of biomagnesium alloys. In the present work, the samples of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy were prepared by cyclic extrusion compression （CEC） and equal channel angular pressing （ECAP）. The microstructures, mechanical properties of alloy and its corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid （SBF） were evaluated. The results reveal that Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy consists of equiaxial fine grain structure with the homogeneous distribution of micrometer size and nano-sized second phase, which was caused by the dynamic recrystallization during the ECAP and CEC. The corrosion resistance of alloy was improved. The tensile and corrosion resistance were improved, especially the processed alloy exhibit uniform corrosion performances and decreased corrosion rate. This will provide theoretical ground for Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy as vascular stent application.     

Fatigue behavior after pre-corroded in a simulated body fluid for ZK60 magnesium alloy prepared by micro-arc oxidation

A bio-ceramic coating was prepared on the surface of ZK60 magnesium alloys by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method. The substrate (BM) and coated (MAO) specimens were pre-corroded in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 12 h. Strain-controlled and stress-controlled loading modes were used to conduct fatigue tests for the specimens with non-corroded and pre-corroded, and the cyclic deformation behavior of different specimens was studied. The fatigue life of pre-corroded MAO specimen is higher than that of pre-corroded BM specimen. The mechanism of cyclic deformation under different loading conditions is related to twinning and slip. For the same specimens, the higher the absolute value of ratcheting strain, the lower the fatigue life. A modified total strain energy model is proposed, and the precision of life prediction is higher than that of traditional fatigue model.     

Initial formation of corrosion products on pure zinc in simulated body fluid

Zinc was recently suggested to be a potential candidate material for degradable coronary artery stent. The corrosion behavior of pure zinc exposed to r-SBF up to 336?h was investigated by electrochemical measurements and immersion tests. The morphology and chemical composites of the corrosion products were investigated by scanning electron microscope, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results demonstrate that the initial corrosion products on the pure zinc mainly consist of zinc oxide/hydroxide and zinc/calcium phosphate compounds. The pure Zn encounters uniform corrosion with an estimated corrosion rate of 0.02–0.07?mm?y^?1 during the immersion, which suggests the suitability of pure Zn for biomedical applications.     

Evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy weldment with active oxide fluxes and GTAW process

In this study, the effect of active oxide fluxes with gas tungsten arc welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy weldment was investigated. The gas tungsten arc welding process through a flux spray layer was applied to an AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet to produce a bead-on-plate specimen. Oxide (TiO₂, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O_3, and ZrO₂) powders were used as the activating fluxes. The macrographs and micrographs of the weld beads were examined using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The specimens with SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ fluxes had high depth-to-width ratio welds, followed by those with TiO₂ and ZrO₂ fluxes and while that with Al₂O₃ flux had the low ratio weld. The use of 70?A welding current for the specimens with different fluxes produced complete penetration, whereas the specimen without any flux required a 90 A welding current to produce complete penetration. The weld bead microstructure was affected by the activating fluxes, which created different thermal effects that changed the convection direction and promoted the formation of various precipitates in the fusion zone during solidification. Three types of precipitates were found in the fusion zones, that is, a long layer-shaped TiAlMg precipitate with TiO₂ flux, a spherical AlMgZn precipitate with Al₂O₃ flux, and an oval-shaped MgAlMn precipitate with all types of fluxes. The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy were measured by tensile testing in the rolling direction. Fractures occurred in the fusion zone near the heat-affected zone interface of specimens welded with TiO₂ flux, revealing a brittle fracture with trans-granular cleavage facets and a large number of small, bright dimples at the center. Such brittle fractures also occurred in the fusion zone of specimens welded with Al₂O_3, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃ fluxes. Similarly, the specimens welded with Al₂O₃ exhibited a brittle fracture with trans-granular facets, whereas the other specimens revealed a brittle fracture with inter-granular cleavage facets.     

Degradation behaviors of surface modified magnesium alloy wires in different simulated physiological environments

The degradation behaviors of the novel high-strength AZ31B magnesium alloy wires after surface modification using micro-arc-oxidization （MAO） and subse- quently sealing with poly-L-lactic acid （PLLA） in different simulated physiological environments were investigated. The results show the surface MAO micropores could be physically sealed by PLLA, thus forming an effective protection to corrosion resistance for the wires. In simulated gastric fluid （SGF） at a low pH value （1.5 or 2.5）, the treated wires have a high degradation rate with a rapid decrease of mass, diameter, mechanical properties and a significant increase of pH value of the immersion fluid. However, surface modification could effectively reduce the degradation rate of the treated wires in SGF with a pH value above 4.0. For the treated wires in simulated intestinal fluid at pH =8.5, their strength retention ability is higher than that in strong acidic SGF. And the loss rate of mass is faster than that of diameter, while the pH value of the immersion fluid decreases. It should be noted that the modified wires in simulated body environment have the best strength retention ability. The wires show the different degradation behaviors indicating their different degradation mechanisms, which are also proposed in this work.     

Effect of D-fructose on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

The effect of addingd-fructose to simulated body fluid(SBF) on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy at 37.C and at a pH of 7.4 was studied by potentiodynamic polarization(PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), potentiostatic polarization and hydrogen(H2) collecting techniques,Raman spectroscopy technique, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis(XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR). The results demonstrated that the addition of fructose enhanced the deposition of phosphates forming thick and compact corrosion products, which inhibited the transmission of aggressive ions into the Mg substrate. As a result, both the anodic dissolution of Mg and negative difference effect(NDE) were suppressed. Thus, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mgalloy in SBF was significantly improved.     

In vitro degradation behavior of M1A magnesium alloy in protein-containing simulated body fluid

Magnesium alloys possess unique advantages to be used as biodegradable implants for clinical applications. In this study, in vitro cells responses and degradation behaviors of magnesium alloy M1A in simulated body fluid (SBF) and albumin-containing SBF (A-SBF) were systematically investigated. Cell responses, in terms of Cell morphology and cell proliferation, imply that M1A possesses good viability for MG63 cells. The corrosion behaviors of M1A are strongly affected by the addition of albumin through the combined effects of adsorption and chelation. Electrochemical testing indicates that such an absorbed albumin layer makes M1A to be more noble with a smaller corrosion current. Corrosion rate monitored by hydrogen evolution rate suggests that the quickly adsorbed albumin serves as an effective protective layer, resulting in a much slower hydrogen release rate at initial stage. With increasing immersion time, a higher corrosion rate is observed since the chelation effect exerts more significant acceleration effects on the removal of the passivation layer. The corrosion mode evaluated by surface morphology of the samples changes from a nonuniform-anisotropic mode for M1A in SBF to a uniform-isotropic mode for M1A in A-SBF.     

稀土元素对轧制Mg–Zn–Zr合金板材微观组织和力学性能的影响

目的 为了使Mg–Zn–Zr合金在热加工过后具有良好的力学性能及变形各向同性,在Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr合金中添加不同含量的稀土元素,研究稀土元素对Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr合金轧制后微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,以解决变形镁合金织构强、变形各向异性强的问题。方法 通过添加不同含量（0.2%和0.8%,质量分数）的混合稀土元素,采用轧制的方法制备镁合金板材。通过SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、EDS（能谱仪）、EBSD（背散射电子衍射）和电子万能试验机等对镁合金板材的成分、微观组织、织构以及拉伸过程中的应力–应变曲线进行分析。结果混合稀土元素的添加会明显提高Mg–Zn–Zr合金板材的轧制成形性,可以起到细化晶粒、弱化轧制织构的作用,能够提高材料的伸长率并改善力学性能的各向异性。混合稀土元素会与Mg、Zn在晶界处形成第二相,但并不会影响稀土元素的织构弱化效果。与较低稀土元素（质量分数为0.2%）时相比,当混合稀土元素含量较高时（质量分数为0.8%）,合金材料的力学性能各向异性更优,这主要是由于添加较多的稀土元素,形成了{■}织构,使添加较多稀土元素的合金材料的织构强度更强。结论 随着混合稀土元素...     

热处理对5083铝合金晶间腐蚀与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度试验机和电子万用试验机等研究了合金的显微组织、晶间腐蚀情况和力学性能。结果表明,经过稳定化处理后的试样析出了不连续的第二相,稳定化处理和冷轧后的试样均无晶间腐蚀现象,试样在180℃下退火后,试样内形成了等轴晶粒,晶界上连续分布的β相,出现了晶间腐蚀现象,保温90h比15h晶界上析出β相更多,试样的晶间腐蚀更加明显;合金稳定化处理后硬度最高,冷轧后试样的硬度最低,在180℃下退火保温15和90h的硬度比冷轧后高,但低于稳定化处理后的试样,稳定化处理和退火后的试样的塑性较冷轧态好。     

医用NiTi形状记忆合金的腐蚀特性

研究了0.9%NaCl生理液、Hank's模拟体液和Tyrode's模拟血液的pH值和Cl-离子浓度对医用NiTi形状记忆合金Ni离子腐蚀溶出的影响.结果表明,三种模拟体液的氧化还原电位不同,使Ni离子释放呈现出差异,Tyrode's模拟血液中Ni离子释放量较高;随着pH值的增大Ni的Flade电位降低,从而使Ni离子释放量降低;随着Cl-浓度增加,Ni离子释放量增大,呈现出较强的Ni选择性腐蚀行为,而Ti的腐蚀微弱,点蚀是其主要的腐蚀形式.     

AZ31镁合金棒材循环扭转变形及其对力学性能的影响

在室温条件下,对AZ31镁合金挤压棒材进行循环扭转变形,测试了扭转变形过程的力学性能以及变形后的微观组织和织构特征,并对扭转变形对镁合金棒材的力学性能影响进行了分析。结果表明:镁合金棒材在循环扭转过程中得到了严格对称的应力-应变滞回线,并且随着循环周期的增加,由于加工硬化和内部微裂纹扩展的共同影响,应力-应变滞回线上的应力峰值呈现先增加后减小的特征。在最大扭转角分别为60°和90°条件下,应力峰值出现在第四周期。镁合金棒材扭转变形后的晶粒中出现大量的拉伸孪晶带,孪晶启动使晶粒的 C 轴转向棒材轴线方向。镁合金棒材扭转变形后的力学性能测试结果显示,循环扭转变形明显提高了镁合金棒材压缩变形的屈服强度,其值由扭转前的约100MPa最大提高至约200MPa。     

Biodegradable behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

Magnesium alloys have unique advantages to act as biodegradable implants for clinical application. The biodegradable behaviors of AZ31 in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various immersion time intervals were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, and then the biodegradable mechanisms were discussed. It was found that a protective film layer was formed on the surface of AZ31 in SBF. With increasing of immersion time, the film layer became more compact. If the immersion time was more than 24 h, the film layer began to degenerate and emerge corrosion pits. In the meantime, there was hydroxyapatite particles deposited on the film layer. The hydroxyapatite is the essential component of human bone, which indicates the perfect biocompatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloy.     

稀土Y和Sm对AZ91 D镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用控制变量法研究单一稀土Y和复合稀土Y,Sm元素对AZ91D镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响,分析稀土元素对AZ91D合金的细化机理。结果表明：复合添加稀土Y和Sm对AZ91D合金的作用效果明显好于单一添加稀土Y对AZ91D合金的作用效果,添加Y和Sm后,生成了块状相Al₂Y相和针状相Al₂Sm相,可以作为α-Mg的有效异质形核点。当加入量为0.8%（质量分数,下同）Y+1.0% Sm时,α-Mg晶粒尺寸最为细小,分布最为均匀,其合金的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别为67.42HV,153.37 MPa和3.62%,改善了铸态AZ91D合金的室温力学性能,但是超过这个最佳添加量后,合金的室温力学性能开始下降。     

介入性机械搅拌对压铸镁合金GTAW焊接气孔的影响

对AZ91D压铸镁合金进行GTAW焊接,对一组试样熔池施加介入性机械搅拌,另一组试样则无机械搅拌;焊后对两组试样分别用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察焊缝气孔形貌和分布、焊缝微观组织,并采用基于Matlab软件二次开发的图像分析程序识别和计算焊缝气孔率。结果表明,介入性机械搅拌除改善焊缝成形外观、细化焊缝微观组织外,明显降低了焊缝气孔尺寸和焊缝气孔率;降低气孔率的主要机理应该是搅拌加强了熔池金属液流动和气泡的运动,使气泡上浮和逸出速度加快。     

Influence of laser surface remelting on microstructure and degradation mechanism in simulated body fluid of Zn-0.5Zr alloy

In this study, the Zn-0.5 wt%Zr (Zn-Zr) alloy was treated by laser surface remelting (LSR), and then the microstructure and degradation mechanism of the remelting layer were investigated and compared with the original as-cast alloy. The results reveal that after LSR, the bulky Zn₂₂Zr phase in the original Zn-Zr alloy is dissolved and the coarse equiaxed grains transform into fine dendrites with a secondary dendrite arm space of about 100 nm. During the degradation process in simulated body fluid (SBF), the corrosion products usually concentrate at some certain areas in the original alloy, while the corrosion products distribute uniformly and loosely in the LSR-treated surface. After removing the corrosion products, it was found that the former suffers obvious pitting corrosion and then localized corrosion. The proposed mechanism is that corrosion initiates at grain boundaries and develops into the depth at some locations, and then leads to localized corrosion. For the LSR-treated sample, corrosion initiates at some active sites and propagates in all directions, corrosion takes place in the whole surface with distinctly uniform thickness reduction, while the localized corrosion and peeling of bulky Zn₂₂Zr particles were eliminated. The electrochemical results also suggest the uniform corrosion of LSR-treated sample and localized corrosion of original sample. Based on the results, a new approach to regulate the corrosion mode of the biodegradable Zn alloy is proposed.     

Electrochemical noise analysis on the pit corrosion susceptibility of biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloy in four types of simulated body solutions

Magnesium alloys have been investigated as biodegradable implant materials since the last century. Non-uniform degradation caused by local corrosion limits their application, and no appropriate technology has been used in the research. In this study, electrochemical noise has been used to study the pit corrosion on magnesium alloy AZ31 in four types of simulated body solutions, and the data have been analyzed using wavelet analysis and stochastic theory. Combining these with the conventional polarization curves, mass loss tests and scanning electron microscopy, the electrochemical noise results implied that AZ31 alloy in normal saline has the fastest corrosion rate, a high pit initiation rate, and maximum pit growth probability. In Hanks’ balanced salt solution and phosphate-buffered saline, AZ31 alloy has a high pit initiation rate and larger pit growth probability, while in simulated body fluid, AZ31 alloy has the slowest corrosion rate, lowest pit initiation rate and smallest pit growth probability.     

电轧AZ31镁合金在模拟海水中腐蚀行为研究

为对比研究高能电脉冲轧制工艺和冷轧工艺对AZ31镁合金腐蚀性能的影响,采用腐蚀形貌观察、动电位极化测试、电化学阻抗谱与腐蚀速度测试等方法系统地研究了高能电脉冲轧制和冷轧AZ31镁合金带材在模拟海水(3.5%NaCl)中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在同样变形量下,与冷轧AZ31镁合金相比,电轧AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性略有提高.这与电轧AZ31镁合金再结晶比例大,位错密度小,具有较低能态的位错组态及能形成较稳定的腐蚀产物膜有关.