不同季节玉兰花及叶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了春季及夏季产玉兰叶和花的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行了成分分析。分别从夏季及春季产玉兰花和叶的挥发油中鉴定出了24、25、50和33种化合物。用面积归一法测定了4种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的96.14%、99.63%、91.30%和96.78%。玉兰叶油和花油具有相同的主要成分,它们分别是芳樟醇、β-榄香烯、丁香烯、橙花叔醇和丁香烯环氧化物。     

鲜、干品红丝线叶挥发油化学成分的GC - MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别得到新鲜和干燥红丝线叶挥发油,并结合GC-MS对所得样品的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果显示,从鲜叶挥发油中鉴定出32种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的98.81%,主要成分是反式植醇(43.29%)、橙花叔醇(7.07%)、石竹烯(4.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(3.81%)和植酮(3.74%)等;从干叶挥发油中鉴定出42种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的96.23%,反式植醇(33.50%)、橙花叔醇(7.75%)、石竹烯(5.14%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.20%)、植酮(4.45%)和樟脑(4.07%)等为主要成分。两者的共有成分有23种,其他化学成分及其相对质量分数存在一定差异。     

黄兰挥发油的化学成分研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取6月份采摘的黄兰叶、花和果实的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。分别从黄兰叶、花和果实的挥发油中鉴定出了17、35和38种化合物。用面积归一化法测定了3种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的92.18%、99.23%和99.24%。3种挥发油化学组成各有异同,主要成分有β-芳樟醇、大牻牛儿烯B、石竹烯、桉叶醇、β-榄香烯等。黄兰挥发油中富含大量在香料和医药行业有重要用途的高生物活性化合物。     

GC-MS联用技术分析厚朴挥发油化学成分

采用GC-MS联用技术,结合程序升温保留指数,对湖南和四川两个产地的厚朴(分别简称湘朴和川朴)挥发油成分进行分析。共定性出111种挥发油化学成分,湘朴为89种,川朴为88种,分别占二者挥发油总含量的87.74%和92.72%,共有组分66种。厚朴的挥发油主要成分为桉叶醇及其同分异构体。湘朴与川朴挥发油中,α-桉叶醇的含量分别为7.91%和13.34%,β-桉叶醇的含量分别为23.88%和15.75%,γ-桉叶醇的含量分别为10.60%和9.68%。湘朴和川朴挥发油成分中含各自的特有组分,分别为23种和22种。二者挥发油成分在化合物含量和种类上存在较大差别。     

GC-MS分析樟叶和枝中挥发油的化学成分

本文用水蒸气蒸馏法收集樟叶和枝中的挥发油成分,测得樟叶和枝的挥发油含量分别为1.55%和0.336%。并应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对各挥发油中的30种成分的结构和含量进行了比较,得知香樟叶和枝的挥发油含有相同的主要组分,但含量上有较大的差别。鉴定的30种组分的含量各占其总峰面积的94.45%和89.73%,主要以萜烯类为主。     

蒲桃茎、叶和花挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

为扩大蒲桃的药用部位,用水蒸气蒸馏分别提取了蒲桃鲜叶、干叶、花及茎的挥发油,用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索,对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定,结果表明,从蒲桃鲜叶、干叶、花及茎挥发油中分别鉴定出了39、35、34和23种化合物。用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定了各组分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的87.51%、87.53%、84.24%及96.84%。4种挥发油化学组成各有异同,但主要成分是丁香烯-5-醇、葎草-5,8-二烯-3-醇、十六酸和植醇。     

不同方法提取随手香挥发油的对比

目的分析不同方法提取随手香中挥发油的效果。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法和超声萃取法提取随手香中挥发油,用气象色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分离鉴定了其成分并测定了各成分相对质量分数。结果水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油提取率为2.92%,分别鉴定出45种化合物,占峰面积的89.8%,其中草蒿脑含量最高;超声萃取法挥发油提取率为1.9%,分别鉴定出60种化合物,占峰面积的90.54%,超声波萃取提取其中卅一烷含量最高。结论 2种提取方法提取的挥发油的组成有差异。     

陕产贯叶连翘挥发油的提取工艺优化及GC-MS分析

以陕产中药贯叶连翘为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法对其挥发油进行提取和成分分析。以挥发油提取率为考核指标,采用单因素实验与响应曲面法相结合对挥发油的提取工艺进行优化,采用GC-MS对挥发油成分进行分析鉴定,并通过面积归一化法比较各组分的相对含量。确定了贯叶连翘挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为:浸泡时间21h、提取时间11h、液固比5∶1(mL∶g),在此条件下挥发油提取率为0.342mL·(100g)-1;经GC-MS分析鉴定出34种化合物,占总成分的94.01%。响应曲面法优化得到的贯叶连翘挥发油提取工艺稳定可靠,适用于陕产贯叶连翘挥发油的提取。     

重庆含笑鲜花挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取了重庆地区含笑鲜花的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分离鉴定。从含笑鲜花水蒸气蒸馏和同时蒸馏萃取所得挥发油中,分别鉴定出38种和36种化合物,分别占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.928%和90.555%。两种方法提取的含笑鲜花挥发油提取率分别为0.12%和0.26%,主要成分均为萜烯类、萜烯醇类、酯类化合物,相对质量分数较高的成分有τ-榄香烯、石竹烯、β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯D、α-布藜烯、(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯等。     

不同方法提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

含笑花具有祛瘀生新、活血止痛之功效。为扩大其用药部位,实验采用微波萃取与水蒸气蒸馏分别提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。结果显示,从含笑茎、叶和花水蒸气蒸馏所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了32、21和23种化合物,从含笑茎、叶和花微波萃取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了24、20和29种化合物。用面积归一法测定了6种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的97.08%、97.3%、96.94%、98.21%、91.34%和95.79%。6种挥发油化学组成各有异同,但主要成分均是大=牛儿烯B、长蠕孢吉码烯、丁香烯和β-榄香烯。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析山黄皮果皮挥发油成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山黄皮果皮挥发油,经气相色谱-质谱联机分析,共分离出60个峰,鉴定出57种化合物,占总峰面积的99.89%。挥发油主要成分为:β-月桂烯、肉豆蔻醚、异松油烯、3-蒈烯、D-柠檬烯、(+)-2-蒈烯、β-水芹烯、α-水芹烯、石竹烯、丁子香酚甲基醚、(2E)-2,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇、β-细辛脑,其质量分数分别为:51.50%、24.83%、12.82%、1.94%、1.15%、1.12%、0.55%、0.44%、0.43%、0.42%、0.38%、0.30%。     

莪术中挥发性成分的酶提取及GC-MS分析

采用纤维素酶提取法(CE)和水蒸气蒸馏提取法(DSE)提取莪术药材中的挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行化学成分分析,分别鉴定出34种和26种化学成分,用峰面积归一法,通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分,分别占挥发油总成分的67.61%和60.15%,共同组分中,含量最多的是表-莪术酮和β-姜黄酮。     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Bulgarian nut oils

The phospholipid and fatty acid composition of three Bulgarian nut oils were investigated. Phospholipids were separated by Folch′s method and two-directional thin-layer chromatography. Their content was determined spectrophotometrically. Phospholipids were present at levels of 0.8% in almond oil, 2.8% in hazelnut oil, and 0.9% in walnut oil. Phosphatidylcholine (18—50%), phosphatidylinositol (18—45%), and phosphatidylethanolamine (8—16%) were found to be the major components. Small amounts of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine were also detected. The fatty acid composition of glyceride oils and of the four main phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acids was identified by capillary gas chromatography of their methyl esters. The predominant fatty acid present in almond and hazelnut oils was linoleic (83.2% and 80.8%, respectively). Oleic acid (18.7%), linoleic acid (48.5%), and linolenic acid (15.8%) were the major components in walnut oil. Higher quantities of saturated fatty acids (27.8—81.2%) were found to be in the phospholipids than in the corresponding oils (9.5—16.7%).     

香薷中挥发性成分的酶提取及GC-MS分析

采用纤维素酶提取法(CE)和水蒸气蒸馏提取法(DSE)对香薷草挥发油成分进行比较研究。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析,从中分别鉴定出23种和13种化学成分,用峰面积归一法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,分别占挥发油总成分的97.17%和97.72%,共同组分中含量最多的是百里香酚和香荆芥酚。     

微波、超声波和水蒸气蒸馏在紫苏籽挥发油分析中的对比研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、微波提取和超声波萃取紫苏籽挥发油。运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用仪结合计算机检索对所得挥发油成分进行分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果表明,3种方法分别从紫苏籽所得挥发油中鉴定出33、31及29种化合物,各占总峰面积的97.16%、97.38%及96.6%。不同方法所得紫苏籽挥发油化学组成各有异同,但主要成分是正十六酸、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八三烯-1-醇和戊基-2-呋喃基酮。     

GC-MS联用技术结合HELP法分析香薷挥发油化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用GC-MS联用技术结合直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)对湖北和江西产香薷的挥发油化学成分进行比较分析。共鉴定出37种化合物,湖北香薷35种,江西香薷19种,分别占总含量的95.16%和96.40%。挥发油主要成分为百里香酚、柠檬烯、β-聚伞花素、百里香酚乙酸酯、香荆芥酚和α-丁香烯。     

Detection of adulteration of sesame and peanut oils via volatiles by GC × GC–TOF/MS coupled with principal components analysis and cluster analysis

The method of headspace coupled with comprehensive two‐dimensional GC–time‐of‐flight MS (HS‐GC × GC–TOF/MS) was applied to differentiate the volatile flavor compounds of three types of pure vegetable oils (sesame oils, peanut oils, and soybean oils) and two types of adulterated oils (sesame oils and peanut oils adulterated with soybean oils). Thirty common volatiles, 14 particular flavors and two particular flavors were identified from the three types of pure oils, from the sesame oils, and from the soybean oils, respectively. Thirty‐one potential markers (variables), which are crucial to the forming of different vegetable oil flavors, were selected from volatiles in different pure and adulterated oils, and they were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) approaches. The samples of three types of pure vegetable oil were completely classified using the PCA and CA. In addition, minimum adulteration levels of 5 and 10% can be differentiated in the adulteration of peanut oils and sesame oils with soybean oils, respectively. Practical applications: The objective was to develop one kind of potential differentiated method to distinguish high cost vegetable oils from lower grade and cheaper oils of poorer quality such as soybean oils. The test result in this article is satisfactory in discriminating adulterated oils from pure vegetable oils, and the test method is proved to be effective in analyzing different compounds. Furthermore, the method can also be used to detect other adulterants such as hazelnut oil and rapeseed oil. The method is an important technical support for public health against profit‐driven illegal activities.