糠醇单体制备支撑炭分子筛膜

使用糠醇单体在多孔氧化铝管的内表面成功制备了炭分子筛膜。其制备采用了3种方法:(Ⅰ)将酸性催化剂加入到糠醇中使糠醇聚合,然后采用浸渍法涂膜;(Ⅱ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体浸入到糠醇溶液中制膜;(Ⅲ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体置于糠醇蒸汽中制膜。方法Ⅱ制备的炭膜质量最大。方法Ⅲ制备的炭膜质量次之,方法Ⅰ制备的炭膜质量最小。方法Ⅲ制得的炭膜具有最好的气体选择性,CO2/N2的理想选择性为79.3,O2/N2的理想选择性为10.6,方法Ⅰ、Ⅱ制得的炭膜的气体分离性能相近,CO2/N2的理想选择性为20,O2/N2的理想选择性为6。     

4A沸石填充聚氨酯杂化膜的制备及气体分离性能

两步法制备了4A沸石填充的端羟基聚丁二烯基聚氨酯膜HTPB-PU/4A,并研究了CO2、H2、O2、N2的气体透过性能.结果表明:沸石与膜的相容性较好,添加4A沸石后,膜的热稳定性明显提高,O2渗透性及O2/N2选择性显著改善;随沸石添加时间的增加,膜对各种气体体系的选择性先增加后减小,而渗透性则先增加后趋于稳定;随硬...     

Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的制备及其气体分离性能

以聚酰胺酸为前驱体,Y型沸石为掺杂物,经高温炭化制备了Y型沸石/炭杂化膜.通过纯组分气体(H2,CO2,O2,N2)的渗透实验对杂化膜的气体渗透性能进行测定,并使用透射电镜,X射线衍射对杂化膜的微结构进行表征.研究了沸石的含量以及炭化温度对杂化炭膜的气体渗透性能和微结构的影响.结果表明,随着膜内沸石含量的提高,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的气体渗透性能明显提高,而随着炭化温度的升高,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜的渗透系数降低,选择性提高.与纯炭膜相比,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜在保持高O2N2选择性的前提下,其渗透性能显著提高.炭化温度为700℃,沸石含量为15%,Y型沸石/炭杂化膜O2的气体渗透系数为501 bareer,O2/N2选择性为15.6.当炭化温度超过800℃以后,杂化膜中的沸石晶体结构被破坏,其气体渗透系数接近纯炭膜的气体渗透系数.因此,保持沸石孔道结构的完整是制备高性能沸石/炭杂化膜的关键因素之一.     

淮南煤气化工艺过程模拟

采用Aspen Plus软件对淮南煤气化进行了稳态流程模拟研究,结果表明:O2流量的增大导致气化温度快速升高;合成气中CO、H2以及有效合成气(CO+H2)的体积分率随O2流量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;CO2和H2O的变化趋势则相反。氧煤比在0.03~0.17kg/kg区域内,有效气体积分率均大于60%;且在氧煤比为0.1kg/kg时,有效合成气体积分率达到最大值64.2%。氧煤比在0.06~0.14kg/kg区域内,汽氧比的增大会导致气化温度随之减小,并直接影响合成气组分。合成气中,CO、H2、CH4以及有效合成气(CO+H2)的体积分率随汽氧比的增大而降低;H2O和CO2体积分率则随之增大。     

浸涂晶种法合成ZSM-5分子筛膜及气体渗透性能研究

采用操作简单,方便易行的浸涂法,在多孔α-A12O3载体表面种上晶种,再水热合成出渗透率较大的ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜.用XRD,SEM和H2,N2,CO2和CH4等气体渗透对ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜进行了表征.XRD分析表明,陶瓷基质表面的膜层是ZSM-5沸石晶相,SEM结果显示合成的沸石膜层是一层连续的多晶层,厚度约10μm.在室温,0.1MPa下对H2,N2,CO2和CH4的渗透率分别为4.76×10-6,1.36×10-6,2.07×10-6和1.80×10-6mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1,H2/N2,H2/CO2,H2/CH4的理想分离因子分别为3.50,2.30,2.64.     

MFI型分子筛膜的制备及表征

采用无模板剂的二次生长合成方法,在-αA l2O3基膜上合成了MFI型分子筛膜,用XRD,SEM和气体渗透实验等方法进行表征,表明合成在-αA l2O3基膜的物质为MFI型分子筛。二次生长分子筛膜的正/异丁烷理想分离系数在298 K和473 K时分别为77和70,气体分离数据表明,2种分子筛膜对气体分离是由分子筛分占主导,同时分子筛膜完整无裂缺。不同温度,通过MFI分子筛膜渗透汽化分离质量分数分别为5%、50%和95%的乙醇/水的渗透通量和分离因子,结果表明渗透通量随温度的升高而升高,而分离因子随温度的升高却降低;渗透通量随乙醇质量分数的升高而降低,分离因子却随质量分数的升高而升高。     

炭分子筛的表征

炭分子筛是浓缩煤层气变压吸附机组的关键材料,性能的好坏直接影响变压吸附机组的性能。通过在77 K下N2的吸脱附等温线对炭分子筛的比表面积、孔径分布进行测定,通过吸附试验对炭分子筛吸附N2,O2,CO2,CH4,H2的能力及N2和CH4在炭分子筛上的吸附速度进行比较,以确定不同炭分子筛分离气体的能力。     

自支撑石墨烯炭膜的制备及气体分离性能

通过溶剂蒸发法得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)与氧化石墨烯(GO)的复合石墨烯膜,并经600℃炭化制备了具有良好柔韧性的仿贝壳珍珠层结构的自支撑石墨烯炭膜。通过X射线衍射和场发射扫描电镜对薄膜微观结构进行表征,并测试不同PAA固含量制备的石墨烯炭膜对CO2和CH_4的分离性能。结果表明,炭化后,GO被还原成石墨烯,呈层状堆叠,堆叠的层间填充了空穴和残炭;石墨烯炭膜的CO2渗透通量和CO2/CH4分离理想选择性随PAA加入量增加,CO_2通量最高可达824 barrer,此时CO2/CH4理想选择性达38.9。石墨烯层骨架和碳分子筛构成石墨烯炭膜的气体传输通道,本研究成果为柔性自支撑气体分离炭膜的制备开辟了新思路。     

工艺条件对Ni/A12 O3和Ni/CeO2-A12O3催化剂在甲烷自热重整制氢反应中催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备γ-A12O3载体和不同Ce添加量的CeO2-A12O3载体,然后用浸渍法制备Ni负载质量分数10%的Ni/γ-A12O3和Ni/CeO2-A12O3催化剂.在固定床微反装置中考察了反应温度、原料气配比和CH4空速等工艺条件对Ni/γ-A12O3和Ni/Ce30A170Oδ催化剂在甲烷自热重整制氢反应中催化性能的影响.结果表明,添加Ce的催化剂催化性能有较大提高,在Ni/Ce30A170O3催化剂上,反应温度750 ℃时,CH4转化率94.3%,与Ni/A12O3催化剂相比,提高20%.Ni/γ-A12O3和Ni/CeO2-A12O3催化剂的CH4转化率均随反应温度的升高而增大.原料气中n(O2):n(CH4)和n(H2O):n(CH4)的增加均能提高各催化剂的CH4转化率.但n(O2):n(CH4)和n(H2O):n(CH4)的变化对各催化剂的催化性能的影响不同.随着n(O2):n(CH4)的增大,产物中n(H2):n(CO)降低,n(CO2):n(CO CO2)升高;而n(H2O):n(CH4)增大时,产物n(H2):n(CO)和n(CO2):n(CO CO2)均升高.随着CH4空速的增加,Ni/A12O3催化剂上CH4转化率、n(H2):n(CO)和n(CO2):n(CO CO2)均较大程度下降;而在Ni/Ce30A170Oδ催化剂上,随着CH4空速的增加,CH4转化率、n(H2):n(CO)和n(CO2):n(CO CO2)变化不大.     

多孔陶瓷载体上Y型分子筛膜的气体渗透性能

以一定的晶化液组成、晶化温度及晶化时间 ,经多次涂层 ,制备了较理想的 Y型沸石分子筛膜 ,研究 Y型分子筛膜的气体渗透性能。考察了 H2 、N2 、CO2 、C3 H8等气体的单组分及二元组分的气体渗透性能。结果表明 ,H2 / C3 H8理想分离因数达 5.0 9,CO2 / N2 实际分离因数达 1 0 .87。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。