膜辅助电解处理草浆黑液的碱回收可行性研究

针对碱法草浆黑液成份复杂、污染严重、不易治理的特性,运用膜辅助电解技术处理草浆黑液,对回收草浆黑液中残碱的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明:草浆黑液经过处理后,90％的残碱可以被有效回收,吨碱平均能耗4200kW·h。     

采用氯化钙预处理碱法麦草浆黑液的研究

碱法麦草浆黑液具有硅含量高、pH高、木素及有机物含量高等特点。木素是导致黑液色度和COD的主要原因。木素中各种复杂稳定的键型和结构单元，屑难降解有机化合物。采用CaCl2对碱法麦草浆黑液进行预处理，可沉淀黑液中的Si03^2-，与之生成难溶于水的CaSi03；同时，可置换出与木素结合的Na^ ，形成溶解度较低的钙木素或整合物而沉淀出来；还可与黑液中其他有机物结合。实验结果表明，采用CaCl2除硅和分离木素的同时，黑液COD明显降低，颜色由原来的深黑色变为处理后澄清的淡黄色，而碱损失较小。     

膜辅助电解处理草浆黑液的碱回收可行性研究

针对碱法草浆黑液成份复杂、污染严重、不易治理的特性 ,运用膜辅助电解技术处理草浆黑液 ,对回收草浆黑液中残碱的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明 :草浆黑液经过处理后 ,90 %的残碱可以被有效回收 ,平均能耗 4 2 0 0 k Wh· t- 1 碱     

无叶假木贼杀虫有效部位的研究

依次通过酸水煮沸、煤油萃取和不同酸碱度下氯仿萃取煤油层，从无叶假木贼中得到两个提取部位。田间杀虫试验证明其中一部位有良好的杀虫效果。对该杀虫有效部位进行化学成分分析．通过薄层层析和气相色谱-质谱方法，证明有效部位的主要成分是毒藜碱和羽扇豆碱。     

造纸黑液治理利用技术现状

造纸黑液是一种成分复杂,污染负荷大而非常难以处理的有机废液.多年来人们一直努力探寻黑液治理利用途径,目前国内外大多采用了碱回收、酸析、生化、膜处理、絮凝沉淀氧化等数十种治理利用技术.作者从处理规模、治理的彻底性、综合利用程度及发展前景等方面对各种技术进行了较深入的分析比较,并结合我国实际对其发展趋势提出了相应的建议.     

碱减量废水膜法集成处理技术

研究了膜法集成技术在碱减量废水处理中的应用.通过膜技术可以将碱减量废水中的对苯二甲酸钠分离成浓缩液,经过酸析处理,不仅可以从浓缩液中回收得到纯度90%以上的对苯二甲酸,而且加酸量仅为直接酸析法的1/3.同时,碱减量废水经膜处理和酸析后,COD可以降低70%以上.膜法集成技术还能够将含有乙二醇的碱液从碱减量废水中分离出来,乙二醇可以通过反渗透等膜技术分离回收,而碱液可以通过添加液碱的方法重新用于碱减量过程.     

酚化木质素制备及在阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

为提高碱木质素羟基含量,对造纸黑液中的碱木质素进行碱溶酸析、液-液萃取、超滤膜过滤、酚化改性处理得酚化改性精制木质素,使用酚化木质素替代部分聚醚多元醇制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫,研究泡沫的阻燃及物理力学性能.采用邻苯二甲酸酐酯化法测定酚化木质素总羟基含量,结果表明,酚化后木质素平均总羟基含量提高6.1177 mgKOH/g.傅...     

造纸工业废水治理进展与评述

造纸工业废水排放量大，水污染严重，生态破坏性大，多年来一直是扰世界各国造纸工业和环境界的热门话题和研究的重点。文中就近几十年来内、处有关造纸废水，尤其是制浆黑液治理的研究成果和技术方法，如制浆黑液的好氧生化处理方法，厌氧发酵处理方法，酸析回收与膜分离，浓缩回收黑液中的木素、纤维素、还原糖与碱等有用的工业副产品，水资源开发等技术，给予全面综述与讨论。     

棉浆浓黑液的纯氧燃烧技术

芬兰CONOX公司最新研制开发的浓黑液纯氧燃烧器，在西班牙Purchaser公司的棉浆黑液治理中得到应用。通过浓黑液的纯氧燃烧，回收浓黑液中的碱，解决了棉浆黑液有机物含量低、无机物含量较高、燃烧值低、碱回收成本高的难题，并且消解了浆粕黑液中的绝大部分有机物负荷。     

芒杆山竹碱法纸浆黑液中提取木质素探析

本文研究了芒杆山竹碱法制浆黑液酸析木质素工艺过程及其影响因素,获得了最佳工艺条件,木质素析出率、色度去除率分别达到82％、91％以上,COD、BOD去除率达到60％以上,所得木质素为土黄色疏松颗粒。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。