微乳液法制备纳米陶瓷颜料初探

概述了近年来陶瓷颜料的各种制备方法。讨论了微乳液的影响因素以及微乳液法制备纳米陶瓷颜料的工艺。阐述了微乳液法在制备锆铁红、钴铝蓝、镨铈红陶瓷颜料中的应用。     

微乳液纳米反应器在制备陶瓷颜料中的应用

微乳液纳米反应器可用于纳米微粒的制备。本文介绍了微乳液纳米反应器的组成、结构及制备纳米微粒的原理,并进一步阐述了其在制备锆铁红、钴铝蓝陶瓷颜料中的应用。     

陶瓷包裹色料的研究与发展概述

锆基包裹色料是一种重要且应用广泛的陶瓷中高温色料,主要有大红CdS_xSe1_(-x)@ZrSiO_4、铁红(Fe_2O_3@ZrSiO_4)与灰黑色CB@ZrSiO_4三类色料。锆基包裹色料的制备方法主要有固相法、化学共沉淀法、水热法、Sol-gel法与微乳液法等方法。随着陶瓷装饰领域技术进步和喷墨打印技术的发展,锆基色料已经逐步在向超细化、喷墨化和高档化方向发展。     

锆英石型系列陶瓷颜料研制

锆英石型系列陶瓷颜料属于高温陶瓷颜料,包括镨黄、钒兰、铁红、镉红四种。它是目前唯一能产生红、黄、兰三种颜色的同型颜料。它的非常的化学稳定性、高温稳定性,引起世界各国陶瓷颜料化工界重视。同时,由于它们是同型颜料,可实现陶瓷颜料三基色化,大大简便陶瓷色釉的配制。锆英石的化学稳定性及热学稳定性,又大大地扩大其使用范围,以及坯釉的适应性。从结构上而言,锆英石型陶瓷颜料可分二种。一是掺杂型,包括镨黄与钒兰,分别为Pr~(4 )、V~(4 )进入锆英石晶格中取代Zr~(4 )形成的颜料;另一是包裹型,即α-Fe_2O_3和Cd(S、     

锆钒黄色料的改进与研究

一、前言: 锆钒黄陶瓷颜料是一种锆基陶瓷颜料。传统的锆钒黄通常是由ZrO_2和V_2O_5混合煅烧而成,这种配方一直延用至今。但是,近几年来化工原料涨价,颜料成本提高,为此我们查阅有关资料,进行了初步试验。二、锆钒黄色料的改进依据: 锆基陶瓷颜料按着色元素在颜料中的分布状态有:固溶型、吸附型和包裹型三种,     

微乳液静电纺丝法制备多孔锆酸镧纤维

为了获得具有优异保温隔热性能的锆酸镧纤维,以氯化镧和八水氧氯化锆为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为助纺剂,引入液体石蜡为分相剂,采用微乳液静电纺丝法制备出前驱体纤维,再经1 000℃煅烧获得多孔锆酸镧纤维,并表征了纤维的性能。结果表明:所制备多孔纤维的物相为烧绿石型锆酸镧,纤维连续性较好,其平均直径在150 nm左右;锆酸镧纤维的比表面积为20. 77 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径19. 3 nm,总孔容为0. 09 cm~3·g~(-1),这些纳米尺度的气孔有望赋予多孔锆酸镧纤维良好的隔热性能。     

反相微乳液法制备纳米氧化镁颗粒及其反应机理研究

通过聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)/正丁醇/正庚烷/水溶液形成的反相微乳体系,合成了MgO纳米粒子,对前驱体进行热分析,确定了合适的煅烧温度为600℃。并对产物的结构、粒度和形貌进行了表征,考察了各因素对纳米氧化镁粒子尺寸形貌和紫外屏蔽性能的影响。控制微乳液中水与表面活性剂的质量比(w0)为15、煅烧温度600℃、陈化时间15h可得到分散性好、粒径分布均匀的MgO纳米粒子。     

高温下氧化铁红呈色的稳定性

随着建筑材料行业的迅速发展和瓷质玻化砖的广泛应用，市场上对具有耐高温性质的铁红颜料需求很大：目前国产氧化铁红由于生产工艺及配方组成存在缺陷，发现将其用于陶瓷坯体着色，与陶泥混合煅烧到800℃以上时，发生烧结和还原，便发黑发暗，而呈色不稳定，影响产品质量。介绍了制备高温下呈色稳定的氧化铁红的两种工艺方法：不同盐类湿法铁红相包裹法和包覆耐烧剂法。     

锆铁红颜料微观结构研究

以ＺｒＯ２、ＳｉＯ２为基本原料,加以适当的着色剂,矿化剂。经焙烧后制得锆铁红颜料。采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ,ＴＥＭ及ＥＰＭＡ等现代化测试手段,测定了锆铁红颜料的矿物组成及微观结构。研究结果表明：锆铁红颜料既不是单一的包裹型,也不是单一的固溶型,而是两者并存,而是两者并存。这一结论对合理控制制备过程参数,获得高质量颜料具有决定性的意义。     

酚作碳源的可溶性前驱体制备超细ZrC陶瓷粉体

分别以四氯化锆和双酚A或对苯二酚作为锆源和碳源合成了几种可溶性Zr C前驱体。利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对前驱体的结构进行了研究,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对前驱体不同温度热处理后的裂解产物进行了表征。结果表明,以锆源与碳源物质的量之比为1∶1时所制备的前驱体在1600℃裂解后能完全转变为颗粒尺寸约为100 nm的Zr C陶瓷粉末,当锆源与碳源物质的量之比为1∶2时,碳源过量致使前驱体中氧含量相对过高而无法完全转化为Zr C陶瓷相。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。