化学气相沉积法制备单壁碳纳米管研究进展

单壁碳纳米管的独特性能使其成为一种有着极大应用前景的新兴纳米材料,本文主要介绍了催化剂、裂解温度、载气等因素对化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备单壁碳纳米管的影响和采用化学气相沉积制备定向单壁碳纳米管方面的研究进展情况。     

化学气相沉积法合成碳纳米管研究进展

碳纳米管由于其独特的结构和优异的电学、光学、力学、热学等物理化学性能,在材料、电子器件、传感器、催化剂和能源等领域具有广泛的应用前景,但是如何低成本批量制备高品质的碳纳米管是实现碳纳米管大规模应用的关键。本文综述了近年来化学气相沉积法合成碳纳米管的研究进展,表明化学气相沉积法是大规模可控制备碳纳米管最有效的方法,并对其未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

化学气相沉积法制备高质量石墨烯方法研究与展望

石墨烯自发现以来因其杰出的理化性能广受关注,制备石墨烯的方法层出不穷.目前,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术实现了规模化制备高质量石墨烯.但石墨烯在制备过程中依然遇到了一些的瓶颈,如石墨烯产品污染、破损、皱褶,尤其是在高温条件下制备石墨烯成本较高等.根据近年来石墨烯制备技术和方案进行分析,总结整理近年来关于CVD制备高质...     

催化化学气相沉积法合成单壁纳米碳管的研究进展

介绍了合成单壁纳米碳管的三种主要方法,总结了国内外催化化学气相沉积法合成单壁纳米碳管的研究现状,着重介绍了催化剂对合成单壁纳米碳管影响的研究情况,并分析了反应工艺条件对合成单壁纳米碳管的影响.     

化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的研究进展

从催化剂、碳源气体及反应器的选择等方面综述了化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的研究进展 ,讨论了碳纳米管的合成机理。指出催化合成碳纳米管的研究难点在于管径的有效调控和大批量生产 ,今后的研究方向应为单层碳纳米管的有效合成     

化学气相沉积工艺制备绳状纳米碳管的研究

用硝酸铁作催化剂,乙炔作碳源气体,高纯氮气作稀释气体,在750℃下化学气相沉积生长了绳状纳米碳管,用高分辨扫描电镜观察了所得绳状纳米碳管的形貌.纳米碳管的直径为100～200nm,长度为10～20 μm.文中还提出了绳状纳米碳管的生长机理.     

等离子体化学气相沉积法合成石英玻璃

用高频等离子体作为热源,采用化学气相沉积法合成了石英玻璃样品.实验分别使用02和空气作为等离子体电离气体和冷却保护气体,改变等离子体电离工作气体种类时,等离子体火焰长度和石英玻璃沉积温度变化较大,而灯具冷却保护气体的改变对等离子火焰长度和石英玻璃沉积温度的影响不大.当等离子体电离气体和灯具保护气体均为O2时,等离子体火焰长度为12cm,石英基体温度为1 300℃,当等离子体电离气体和灯具保护气体均为空气时,等离子体火焰长度可达24cm,石英基体温度升高到l 840℃,可确保气相沉积过程进行,合成的石英玻璃在波长190nm处光透过率达84%,羟基含量3.5×10-6,可达到全光谱透过的要求.     

化学气相沉积热解炭机理及其化学动力学

综述了化学气相沉积热解炭的沉积机理、化学动力学的发展状况及一些基本理论问题，着重介绍了K.J.Huettinger等提出的沉积模型。     

化学气相沉积法制备螺旋状纳米碳纤维研究

采用化学气相沉积方法在基体上生长螺旋状纳米碳纤维,以Ni为催化剂热解乙炔可制备出纯净、规则的单、双螺旋形碳纤维,单螺旋纤维的直径约为1—2μm,双螺旋的直径约为2—5wm;同时伴有少量的不规则螺旋形碳纤维的生成。拉曼光谱和X射线衍射分析证明螺旋形碳纤维是由小石墨微晶组成。根据机体法制备螺旋形的形貌、结构和生长过程,提出了螺旋形碳纤维的生长机制。     

On the Growth and Microstructure of Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited on various substrates namely untreated silicon and quartz, Fe-deposited silicon and quartz, HF-treated silicon, silicon nitride-deposited silicon, copper foil, and stainless steel mesh using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. The optimum parameters for the growth and the microstructure of the synthesized CNTs on these substrates are described. The results show that the growth of CNTs is strongly influenced by the substrate used. Vertically aligned multi-walled CNTs were found on quartz, Fe-deposited silicon and quartz, untreated silicon, and on silicon nitride-deposited silicon substrates. On the other hand, spaghetti-type growth was observed on stainless steel mesh, and no CNT growth was observed on HF-treated silicon and copper. Silicon nitride-deposited silicon substrate proved to be a promising substrate for long vertically aligned CNTs of length 110–130 μm. We present a possible growth mechanism for vertically aligned and spaghetti-type growth of CNTs based on these results.     

Tungsten Oxide Nanorods Array and Nanobundle Prepared by Using Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanorods array prepared using chemical vapor deposition techniques was studied. The influence of oxygen gas concentration on the nanoscale tungsten oxide structure was observed; it was responsible for the stoichiometric and morphology variation from nanoscale particle to nanorods array. Experimental results also indicated that the deposition temperature was highly related to the morphology; the chemical structure, however, was stable. The evolution of the crystalline structure and surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction approaches. The stoichiometric variation was indicated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.     

Co／Mo催化剂制备碳纳米管的研究

以氧化铝凝胶负载Co／Mo合金为催化剂，C2H2为碳源，用CVD法合成了纯度较商的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）。通过甩TEM和XRD等方法，对碳纳米管（CNTs）进行了表征，表明制备的碳纳米管具有较高的石墨化程度。研究得出当催化剂的沉淀pH=7．5，H2为还原气和载气，升温速率为50℃／min时，碳纳米管的纯化后的产率高达85％，为下一步的大规模化生产打下了良好构基础。     

Excellent Field Emission Properties of Short Conical Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Microwave Plasma Enhanced CVD Process

Randomly oriented short and low density conical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared on Si substrates by tubular microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process at relatively low temperature (350–550 °C) by judiciously controlling the microwave power and growth time in C₂H₂ + NH₃ gas composition and Fe catalyst. Both length as well as density of the CNTs increased with increasing microwave power. CNTs consisted of regular conical compartments stacked in such a way that their outer diameter remained constant. Majority of the nanotubes had a sharp conical tip (5–20 nm) while its other side was either open or had a cone/pear-shaped catalyst particle. The CNTs were highly crystalline and had many open edges on the outer surface, particularly near the joints of the two compartments. These films showed excellent field emission characteristics. The best emission was observed for a medium density film with the lowest turn-on and threshold fields of 1.0 and 2.10 V/μm, respectively. It is suggested that not only CNT tip but open edges on the body also act as active emission sites in the randomly oriented geometry of such periodic structures.     

碳纳米管非共价包裹鲁米诺的化学发光研究

浓HNO_3通过沸点回流法对碳纳米管(Carbon Nanotubes,CNTs)进行处理,去除表面杂质并对CNTs切断开管,在开口处被修饰上羧基、羟基等基团。增加了碳纳米管(CNTs)在水及有机溶剂中的溶解性,另外通过湿化学法,在均相溶液中对碳纳米管(CNTs)包裹鲁米诺(Luminol)的实验条件也进行了优化,选择直径大的碳纳米管(CNTs)且溶解性较好的溶剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)。在检测方面采用Luminol-Co~(2+)-H_2O_2化学发光体系,对包裹鲁米诺(Luminol)的碳纳米管(CNTs)进行化学发光测试,该方法简单,灵敏。     

烃和CO气相沉积制备多壁碳纳米管的热力学条件

利用俄罗斯科学院研制的CVD(chemicalvapordeposition)软件计算了在101×103Pa和700K～1500K烃催化热解以及在101×103Pa和700K～1200KCO催化热解影响碳沉积率的因素,并根据碳沉积相边界点的反应物组成绘制了碳沉积边界曲线,预测了碳沉积区,计算结果对多壁碳纳米管的制备提供了有关的信息。     

A Temperature Window for the Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of CH4 over Mo2-Fe10/MgO Catalyst

A temperature window for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of CH₄ over Mo₂-Fe₁₀/MgO catalyst has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that when the temperature is lower than 750 °C, there were few SWCNTs formed, and when the temperature is higher than 950 °C, mass amorphous carbons were formed in the SWCNTs bundles due to the self-decomposition of CH₄. The temperature window of SWCNTs efficient growth is between 800 and 950 °C, and the optimum growth temperature is about 900 °C. These results were supported by transmission electron microscope images of samples formed under different temperatures. The temperature window is important for large-scale production of SWCNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition method.     

碳纳米管的制备

综述了碳纳米管的几种制备工艺和相关的生长机制,还介绍了近两年来碳纳米管制备的进展情况,包括新型制备技术、特殊结构的碳纳米管制备。