弧齿锥齿轮成形加工切削力理论模型

针对弧齿锥齿轮成形法中切削力计算的问题，提出了一种理论计算方法，将铣齿过程中的复杂状况转化为力学模型，并对力学模型进行求解。首先，结合弧齿锥齿轮成形法加工状况，采用斜角切削理论推导出弧齿锥齿轮微观切削力模型；其次，分析成形法加工弧齿锥齿轮中的切削面积，结合弧齿锥齿轮微观切削力模型计算出弧齿锥齿轮成形法切削力；最后，计算一定工况条件下的切削力。计算结果与仿真、实验数据具有较好的一致性，表明理论模型适用于弧齿锥齿轮成形法切削力的预测，并且大幅缩短了计算时间。     

整体叶盘叶栅通道径向进给电解加工成形规律研究与阴极设计

整体叶盘叶栅通道的加工是在叶片型面精加工满足设计要求之前不可缺少的工艺步骤。工具电极径向进给加工叶栅通道的模式,可有效解决整体叶盘叶栅通道轮毂型面加工困难的问题。分析了径向进给加工时的侧面的成形规律,利用不同角度的楔形阴极工具开展试验研究,掌握侧面成形规律及二次腐蚀对成形的影响;根据侧面成形规律计算出工具电极截面数据,并拟合成工具电极型面。选择合理加工参数,利用设计出的工具电极在自行研制的电解加工机床上开展试验研究。结果表明,采用该方法设计出的阴极可加工出余量更均匀的叶栅通道。     

数控渐进成形与数控铣削的残余高度对比分析

数控渐进成形与数控铣削既有共同之处也有不同之处。针对目前在数控渐进成形研究中都采用数控铣削模式的加工轨迹,并且对于残余高度的计算也都采用依据铣削加工模式计算方法的问题,通过对比分析数控渐进成形件与数控铣削件的表面残余高度,研究了数控铣削加工模式中残余高度计算方法在数控渐进成形中的可应用性,以及等残余高度轨迹在数控渐进成形中的实用性。研究结果表明,数控铣削加工中残余高度的计算方法和等残余高度轨迹在数控渐进成形中具有可应用性。     

板料折弯成形虚拟仿真技术研究

板料折弯成形是指把薄板材料弯成一定角度的加工方法。本文通过分析折弯机结构参数,基于OpenGL ES在WinCE的平台上建立了数控折弯成形仿真的可视化界面,实现了板料折弯成形的3D动态仿真。以树状结构为基础,结合干涉检测等影响板料折弯成形的工艺因素,探讨了板料折弯成形的工艺改进以及工序搜索方法,计算判断出可行的板料折弯成形工序,再由OpenGL ES直观显示板料折弯加工工艺信息。板料折弯成形试验表明,该方法可以实现快速、精确的板料折弯成形。     

发动机连杆衬套毛坯温挤压工艺研究及模具设计

以锡青铜连杆衬套毛坯为研究对象,依据连杆衬套毛坯温挤压成形原理和加工成形的特点,选择了反挤压作为温挤压成形方式,理论分析计算了预热后毛坯和挤压完成后筒形件的尺寸,为温挤压模具的设计提供理论依据。通过对连杆衬套毛坯温挤压成形难点的分析和研究,制定出了一套合理的连杆衬套温挤压成形方案。重点对发动机连杆衬套毛坯的温挤压成形工艺进行了研究,通过合理的控制毛坯预热温度、模具预热温度、温挤压润滑等条件能够加工出性能优越的成形工件。并以此为依据设计出带有保温控制系统、自动顶料装置的双层组合预应力挤压模具。     

一种弯管成形半径的影响因素研究

对于3003-H24铝合金的三滚轮推弯工艺,通过对加工过程中模具位置变化的分析,得出前期研究的弯管成形半径理论计算结果比实测结果偏小的原因,进一步通过对弯管力的计算,并结合有限元分析,得出弯管力与弯管成形半径成反比,弯管力对模具位置变化的影响极小,主要应考虑设备的零件间隙;通过对弯管成形半径的修正量与理论加工半径、弯管力的关系,以及弯管力与设备零件之间的间隙变化量的关系进行研究,结合图形分析的方式,结果表明,弯管力达到一定值后,继续增大对零件之间的间隙变化量影响不大,对于所使用的弯管机及弯管方式,弯管力大于100 N后,间隙变化量趋于稳定,弯管成形半径的修正量主要取决于理论加工半径。对于弯管加工,只要根据实际所需弯管成形半径,计算出理论加工半径,并对其进行相应修正,即可提高加工的准确性。     

基于固有应变法的板材高频感应加热热弹塑性变形研究

为了探究造船业中的中厚板热应力成形中热弹塑性变形原理,基于高频感应加热成形与焊接加工的一些相似性,将焊接分析中的固有应变法引入到高频感应加热成形过程中的热弹塑性变形分析与计算。通过对高频感应加热过程分析,推导出感应加热过程中应变、应力和弯矩关键因素的理论计算方法,利用此计算方法分别得到了不同工艺下的弯矩和变形量。与高频感应加热成形的实验结果对比可知,理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致,验证了简化模型的合理性。     

金刚石砂轮的成形方法

为了满足单件小批量地生产用于加工硬质合金螺纹刀具的金属基金刚石成形砂轮的需求,在原有的电火花加工金属基金刚石成形砂轮的方法上提出一种新的成形金刚石砂轮的加工方法。采用实时检测、实时控制和两轴联动全闭环数控系统单刀加工成形石墨电极,再用电火花加工方法加工出成形金刚石砂轮。并通过实验验证了成形石墨电极的加工精度。此方法能够满足单件小批量生产成形金刚石砂轮的需求。     

一种设计YX-173A专用凸轮铣床仿形靠模轮廓的方法

应用连续曲线离散化思想,介绍了一种从已知工件轮廓曲线出发,按加工成形原理计算出YX-173A专用凸轮铣床仿形靠模轮廓数据的实用方法.     

数控精密成形压力机机身结构有限元分析

数控精密成形压力机能够适应生产工艺多样化和灵活性、柔性化的加工要求,是新一代压力机的发展方向。本文应用有限元分析软件对精密成形压力机机身结构进行了加工受力分析计算,并对计算结果进行了讨论。     

1060铝合金微弧氧化黑色陶瓷膜显色特性及着色机理

目的采用微弧氧化技术在1060铝合金表面制备黑色陶瓷膜,并且讨论黑色膜的显色机理。方法在不同电解液体系中制备出不同黑色度的陶瓷膜,通过测色仪及EDS,XPS,SEM等测定膜层的显色特性、成分和表观形貌。结果 Na2WO4和NH4VO3添加量对膜层显色特性和表观形貌影响较大,随着二者添加量的增加,膜层黑色度增加,表面粗糙度减小。结论微弧氧化过程中,电解液中的WO42-和VO3-参与了成膜反应,生成了V2O5,V2O3,WO x和WO3等具有黑色显色特性的氧化物,并分布于整个膜层和多孔结构中,这是黑色显色特性的主因。随着Na2WO4和NH4VO3添加量的增加,显色氧化物在膜层和孔结构中存在的数量增加,使得膜层粗糙度降低。     

Metal Dusting of Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni–Cr Alloys Under Cyclic Conditions

Metal dusting is the disintegration of alloys into carbon and metal particles during high-temperature exposure to carbon-bearing gases. Model Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni–Cr alloys were studied to test the hypothesis that M₃C formation is necessary for metal dusting to occur. The alloys were exposed to a 68% CO–26% H₂–6% H₂O gas mixture at 680°C (a_c=2.9) under thermal cycling conditions. Equilibrium calculations predicted the formation of M₃C at the surface of Fe–25Cr, but not Fe–60Cr. All compositions were expressed in w/o, weight percent. Alloys of Fe–25Cr with 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 w/o nickel additions were also exposed to the same conditions to study the role of nickel in destabilizing the precipitation of M₃C and, hence, altering the resistance to metal dusting. Metal dusting was observed on all the alloys except Fe–60Cr. For Fe–25Cr, Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, and Fe–25Cr–5Ni, the carbonization and dusting process was localized, and its incidence decreased in Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, consistent with the increased destabilization of M₃C precipitation. However, Fe–25Cr–10Ni and Fe–25Cr–25Ni both underwent extensive dusting in the absence of protective Cr₂O₃ formation. The carbon deposits formed consisted of carbon filaments, which contained particles at their tips. These were shown by electron diffraction to be exclusively Fe₃C in Fe–25Cr, Fe–25Cr–2.5Ni, and Fe–25Cr–5Ni, and a mixture of austenite and (Fe,Ni)₃C in Fe–25Cr–10Ni and Fe–25Cr–25Ni.     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

The study of ternary carbides formation during SPS consolidation process in the WC–Co–steel system

Tungsten carbide has a wide range of applications, mainly cemented carbides made of WC and Co, as wear resistant materials. However, the high cost of WC–Co powders encourages the use of a substrate to manufacture a functionally graded material (FGM) tool made of WC–Co and a tool steel. These materials join the high wear resistance of the cemented carbide and the toughness of the steel. This work deals with the study interaction of the WC–Co and H13 steel to design a functionally graded material by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPS, a novel sintering technique reaching the consolidation of the powders at relatively low temperatures and short dwell times, is a promising technique in processing materials. In this study, WC, H13 steel, WC–Co, WC–H13 steel and WC–Co–H13 steel bulk samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques to evaluate the phase transformations involved during SPS consolidation process. The W₂C and W₃Fe₃C precipitation were identified after the SPS consolidation of the WC and WC–H13 steel samples, respectively. The precipitation of W₄Co₂C was also identified in the WC–Co and WC–Co–H13 steel samples. The WC–H13 steel and WC–Co–H13 steel were also evaluated after heat treatments at 1100 °C for 9 h, which enhanced the chemical interaction and the precipitation of W₃Fe₃C and W₄Co₂C, respectively.     

Effects of sintering additives on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-WC ceramic-metal composite tool materials

TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composite tool materials were fabricated using Co, Ni and (Ni, Mo) as sintering additives by vacuum hot-pressing technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The composite was analyzed by the observations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The microstructure of TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composites consisted of the fine WC grains and uniform TiB₂ grains. The brittle phase of Ni₃B₄ and a few pores were found in TiB₂-WC-Ni ceramic-metal composite. A lot of pores and brittle phases such as W₂CoB₂ and Co₂B were formed in TiB₂-WC-Co ceramic-metal composite. The liquid phase of Co was consumed by the reaction which led to the formation of the pores and the coarse grains of TiB₂. The pores, brittle phases and coarse grains of TiB₂ were harmful to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite. The sintering additive of (Ni, Mo) had a significant effect on the density and the mechanical properties of TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composite. The formation of intermetallic compound of MoNi₄ inhibited the consumption of liquid phase of (Ni, Mo). The liquid phase of (Ni, Mo) not only inhibited the formation of the pores and the coarse grains of TiB₂ but also strengthened the interface energy between WC and TiB₂ grains. The grain size was fine and the average relative density of TiB₂-WC-(Ni, Mo) ceramic-metal composite reached 99.1%. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of TiB₂-WC-(Ni, Mo) ceramic-metal composite were 1307.0 ± 121.4 MPa, 8.19 ± 0.29 MPa m^1/2 and 22.71 ± 0.82 GPa, respectively.     

Effect of manganese on the microstructure of Mg–3Al alloy

The effect of manganese on the microstructure of Mg–3Al alloy, especially the nucleation efficiency of Al–Mn particles on primary Mg, has been investigated in this paper. Mg–0.72Mn was used to fabricate Mg–3Al–xMn (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) alloys, and the grain sizes of these alloys fluctuate at 390 μm indicating addition of manganese does not evidently influence the grain size of Mg–3Al alloy. Through XRD, FESEM and TEM detection, it is found that Al_0.89Mn_1.11 compound is the dominant Al–Mn phase in Mg–3Al–0.3Mn, Mg–3Al–0.4Mn and Mg–3Al–0.5Mn, and distributes in primary Mg matrix and interdendritic regions with an angular blocky morphology. The number of Al_0.89Mn_1.11 increases gradually with increasing manganese content while the grain sizes of primary Mg are nearly the same in Mg–3Al, Mg–3Al–0.3Mn, Mg–3Al–0.4Mn and Mg–3Al–0.5Mn, indicating Al_0.89Mn_1.11 has low nucleation efficiency on primary Mg.     

Mechanical and tribological properties of plasma-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr, WC-Co, and Cr2O3 coatings

Mechanical properties such as Young’s moduli and fracture toughness of plasma-sprayed Cr₃C₂-NiCr, WC-Co and Cr₂O₃ coatings were measured. The tribological properties of the three kinds of coatings were investigated with a block-on-ring self-mated arrangement under water-lubricated sliding. Furthermore, the influences of the mechanical properties on the tribological properties of the coatings were also examined. It was found that the Young’s moduli, bend strengths and fracture toughness of the coatings were lower than the corresponding bulk materials, which may be attributed to the existence of pores and microcracks in the coatings. Among the three kinds of coatings, the magnitude of wear coefficients, in decreasing order, is Cr₃C₂-NiCr, WC-Co and Cr₂O₃, and the wear coefficient of Cr₂O₃ coating was less than 1 × 10⁻⁶mm³N⁻¹m⁻¹. The wear mechanisms of the coatings were explained in terms of microcracking and fracturing, and water deteriorated wear performance of the coatings. The higher the fracture toughness and the lower the porosity and length of microcracking of the coating, the more the wear-resistance of the coating.     

Abnormal electric transport property and magnetoresistance stability of La–Sr–K–Mn–O system

The perovskite samples La1-x (Sr1-yKy )xMnO3 (y = 0.0, 0.2, 04, 0.6, 0.8) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method with comparatively low sintering temperature and with comparatively short sintering time, and the electric transport property and temperature stability of MR of this system were studied. The q-T curves show the abnormal phenomenon that with the increase of K doping amount, resistivity increases, and the insulator-metal transition temperature decreases, which is because the influence of the occupation disorder degree of A-site ions σ2 on the electric transport property of perovskite manganites is larger than that of the radius of A-site ions. In the temperature range below 225 K, MR increases continuously with the decrease of temperature, which is the characteristic of low-field magnetoresistance; in the comparatively wide temperature range near 250 K, the MR-T curves of all the samples are comparatively flat, and the value of MR almost does not change with temperature, which shows the temperature stability of magnetoresistance, and can be explained by the competition between the low-field magnetoresistance induced by spin-dependent tunneling of surface phase and the intrinsic magnetoresistance of grain phase. The magnetoresistance value of the sample with y = 0.8 keeps at (7.92 ± 0.36) % in the very wide temperature range of 225-275 K, and this is a good reference for the preparation of this kind of sample with practical application value in the future.     

Enhancement of room-temperature magnetoresistance in La<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Dy<Subscript>0.1</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.3</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript>/Ag<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>

The samples of La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3/(Ag2O)x/2(x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) were prepared by using the solid-state reaction method.Their magnetic property, transport behavior, transport mechanism and magnetoresistance effect were studied through the measurements of magnetization-temperature(M-T) curves, ρ-T curves and the fitting of ρ-T curves.The results indicated that Ag could take part in the reaction when the doping amount is small.However, when the doping amount is compar...     

激光热喷涂Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si涂层在PAO+2.5%MoDTC油中摩擦学特性

为了提高TC4合金的耐磨性能,采用激光热喷涂技术在其表面制备了Co₃₀Cr₈W_1.6C₃Ni_1.4Si涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析了涂层的形貌和物相,并通过摩擦磨损实验研究了涂层在PAO+2.5% MoDTC（质量分数）油中的磨损行为。结果表明,激光热喷涂的Co₃₀Cr₈W_1.6C₃Ni_1.4Si涂层主要由Ti、WC_1-x、CoO、Co₂Ti₄O和CoAl相组成,在涂层界面形成冶金结合。在激光功率为1000、1200和1400 W时所制备的涂层平均摩擦因数分别为0.151、0.120和0.171,其对应的磨损率分别为1.17×10^-6、1.33×10^-6和2.80×10^-6 mm³?N^-1?m^-1,磨损机理为磨粒磨损,其枝晶尺寸对降磨起主要作用。