面向7B04铝合金壁板的残余应力分析与变形控制

分析毛坯初始残余应力释放与再平衡的关系与模型,通过裂纹柔度法测量和推导7B04铝合金毛坯板材残余应力分布状态,基于其应力曲线分布特征,应用ABAQUS有限元仿真法预测壁板零件的加工变形趋势,结合试件实际工况下加工变形情况,验证毛坯残余应力对零件加工变形的影响,提出优化零件在毛坯中的位置或适当增加毛坯厚度的方式控制零件加工变形;同时,应用X射线衍射法测量零件加工过程中表面残余应力状态,从而优化切削参数和刀具路径以减小切削加工引入的残余应力。     

基于SYSWELD的锁把淬火工艺研究及优化

应用SYSWELD仿真分析软件,针对锁把零件淬火过程变形开裂问题进行了模拟仿真分析,通过与实际生产中锁把淬火开裂位置进行对比,验证了仿真软件分析结果的准确性。仿真获得了40钢锁把水淬应力分布规律及40Cr钢锁把油淬应力分布规律。基于仿真结果,提出了更换材料以解决锁把变形开裂问题的措施。经实际生产应用验证表明,优化后的零件完全满足产品技术要求,证明了改进方案的可行性。     

基于流变应力特性的铝合金淬火残余应力数值模拟及试验研究

依据相关试验数据引入铝合金的流变应力特性曲线,对7075铝合金板材淬火过程进行温度场和应力场的直接热力耦合数值模拟,研究7075铝合金板材最终淬火残余应力的分布规律,并采用盲孔法对7075铝合金板材最终淬火残余应力进行测量,试验测量结果表明考虑铝合金流变应力特性的直接耦合法数值模拟出的铝合金淬火残余应力分布具有很好的准确度,同时借鉴相关文献的试验测量数据对直接耦合和准耦合两种数值模拟方法仿真出的铝合金板材内部最终淬火残余应力分布结果进行比较和评价,评比结果显示考虑铝合金流变应力特性的直接耦合数值模拟结果具有更好的准确度,能够准确模拟出铝合金板材内部最终淬火残余应力在厚度方向上(表面至中层)的非单调分布规律.     

残余应力重分布引起的结构件铣削变形研究

航空铝合金结构件毛坯在成形过程中产生很大的残余应力,使得其在后续机械加工过程中极易发生翘曲变形,这已经成为国防武器快速开发和高效加工的瓶颈.采用有限元数值模拟技术,建立了航空铝合金板材残余应力释放引起加工变形的力学模型,分析了在7050T7451铝合金板材材料去除过程中残余应力释放引起的加工变形规律,并针对7050T7451隔框零件进行铣削加工变形实验研究,并与有限元模拟结果进行比较,验证了数值模拟结果具有较高的精确度.     

7075铝合金板预拉伸工艺研究

采用直接热力耦合的方法,引入7075铝合金高温下的流变应力特征曲线,对不同厚度的7075铝合金板材在实际淬火工艺下的淬火过程进行数值模拟,揭示铝合金板材淬火残余应力分布规律;考虑铝合金板材拉伸过程中的实际夹持方式,对不同厚度7075铝合金板材实际拉伸过程进行数值模拟,分析对比拉伸后残余应力分布规律,并对拉伸工艺进行优化,确定最佳拉伸率和锯切量,揭示厚度变化对淬火残余应力、拉伸后残余应力以及锯切量的影响规律.利用钻孔法对实际拉伸的7075铝合金板材进行拉伸后残余应力的试验测试,数值模拟结果与试验测试结果相吻合.研究结果表明,随着厚度的增加,淬火残余应力、最佳拉伸率以及锯切量都相应增大,锯切量中过渡区长度为板材厚度的60％～70％.     

RV减速器摆线轮工艺设计及热变形仿真分析

RV减速器的核心零件为摆线轮,摆线轮的加工也是RV减速器制造的难点.通过分析RV减速器传动中摆线针齿的传动形式对摆线轮的性能要求,确定制造摆线轮的材料为GCr15,并对摆线轮的加工工艺进行了设计.为确定摆线轮加工时的磨削余量,运用ANSYS对摆线轮的淬火工艺进行仿真分析,得到其应力场分布规律和变形情况.经实验并测量实际淬火后零件的变形情况,验证了仿真结果的可靠性.为减小热处理后摆线轮的翘曲变形,设计了摆线轮回火夹具,对摆线轮的生产加工有一定的指导意义.     

航空结构件残余应力释放引起加工变形的数值模拟

航空铝合金结构件毛坯在成形过程中产生很大的残余应力,使其在后续机械加工过程中极易发生翘曲变形,采用有限元数值模拟技术,建立了航空铝合金板材残余应力释放引起加工变形的力学模型,分析了在7075T7351铝合金板材材料去除过程中残余应力释放引起的加工变形规律,并针对7075T7351隔框零件进行铣削加工变形实验研究,并与有限元模拟结果进行比较,验证了数值模拟结果具有较高的精确度。     

航空薄壁铝合金构件加工变形浅析

本文首先阐述了航空薄壁构件加工变形主要成因和控制措施,根据航空薄壁构件异构特点和诸多实际生产经验进一步总结薄壁构件切削加工难点,概述此类零件加工变形控制方法;其次从铝合金材料出厂的初始应力状态展开研究,对制备预拉伸铝合金板材过程中所形成残余应力的变化过程进行研究。基于弹塑性理论,搭建初始残余应力释放过程中的有限元模型。通过剥层测量实验,分析获取其基材内部残余应力的分布情况用以验证所建立有限元模型的正确性。     

零件结构对加工变形影响的仿真与实验研究

在航空整体结构件加工中,零件结构形式影响着零件的加工变形。为提高航空整体结构件加工质量,需要优化结构,减少零件加工变形值。建立三维整体结构框类零件的有限元分析模型,利用"单元生死"技术仿真材料的去除过程。研究了零件结构形式对整体结构框类零件加工变形的影响规律,并且设计了零件结构对比切削实验,使用三维坐标测量仪测量了零件每次铣削后的加工变形,通过仿真数据与实验数据比较分析得出结论,合理的零件结构设计有助于减小零件加工变形,对于提高大型整体结构件的产品精度具有重要意义。     

复杂整体结构件数控加工变形分析与控制

本文针对复杂整体结构件数控加工变形问题,根据零件的结构特点,分析了粗加工和精加工过程中零件内部应力和外界装夹力对零件变形的影响.结合零件实际加工情况,提出了通过修正定位平面和定位基准来消除装夹力对零件变形的影响,以及通过时效方法减小内部应力再分布引起的零件变形.对于复杂整体结构件数控加工,结合先加工易变形处的加工方案进行变形控制,该方法在零件实际加工过程中具有广泛的应用意义.     

钛合金TC4退火数值模拟

毛坯残余应力对薄壁件整体加工变形有重要影响。利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS10.0对钛合金TC4进行退火过程数值模拟研究,通过数值模拟获得了退火过程中温度的变化、残余应力的分布及最终冷却后的残余应力状态。为研究TC4的加工变形规律,提供了具有初始残余应力场的数字化毛坯。     

残余应力对航空整体结构件加工变形的影响分析

基于理论计算和有限元模拟,研究了毛坯的初始残余应力对大型整体结构件数控加工变形的影响,对单向 应力作用的矩形截面梁在剥层过程中的变形挠度值进行了求解。结果表明,理论解与有限元计算值是一致的。面 向工程应用,采用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了残余应力对隔框类整体结构件加工变形的影响,并进行了试验验证。 有限元仿真结果与试验数值非常吻合。最后,根据工件加工变形的有限元模拟结果,提出了提高整体结构件制造 精度的工艺措施。     

Machining distortion minimization for the manufacturing of aeronautical structure

The distortion of machined parts is a major concern in the manufacture of aeronautical monolithic structures. We investigated the influence of material removal partition on residual stress in high-strength aluminum alloy parts to minimize machining distortion. In the present study, a methodology of minimizing machining distortion based on an accurate cross-sectional residual stress determination is presented, which can be applied to avoid or minimize part distortions in advance by adapting machining strategies or process conditions. A powerful contour method was used first to measure bulk residual stress within the blank. Next, a finite element model was applied to predict machining distortion based on measured residual stress for analyzing part distortion. Finally, experimental verification was provided by comparing measured distortion and predicted distortion by the finite element analysis. This simulation showed that part distortion is mainly affected by the partition of material removal in T-shaped components. Our results also indicate that distortion can be minimized by optimizing the partition of material removal to ensure a symmetrical distribution of residual stress in the part so that the residual stress-induced bending moment could reach self equilibrium.     

Effects of tool diameters on the residual stress and distortion induced by milling of thin-walled part

Residual stress has a sustained impact on the deformation of thin-walled parts after processing, raising the strict restrictions required in their using procedure. In general, with regard to thin-walled parts, different processing parameters will affect the distortion and residual stress generation of the workpiece, which play the key role in the machining. However, controlling the material removal rate is also quite critical to machining of thin-walled parts. In order to reach these goals, based on the relation between residual stress and uncut chip thickness (UCT), a method is proposed by optimizing the milling tool diameters. The research finding reveals that, by improving the tool diameter, at the same circular position, smaller UCT can be achieved. In addition, take 6 and 12 mm tool diameter as analysis cases; larger tool diameter can reduce the residual tensile stress distribution significantly (the ratio ranges from 13.9 to 34.7 %) and improve the material removal rate. Moreover, a typical thin-walled part is evaluated using different tool diameters (6 and 12 mm) by experiments, as the final distortion can be decreased by 60 % with 12-mm tool diameter. The distribution of machined surface and subsurface residual stress is turning to be more uniform. Hence, it proves that, under the goals of maintaining machining accuracy and material removal rate, also improving the distribution of residual stress, it is possible to achieve by controlling the UCT (tool diameters) in the processing of thin-walled. All these findings can help to enhance the milling precision of thin-walled parts, as well as control and optimize the residual stress distribution.     

残余应力引起的铣削变形有限元分析

应用弹性力学理论推导出了二维连续铣削过程中工件内应力再分布及其引起变形的计算递推公式.解决了有限元建模、初始应力加载、变形评估等仿真关键技术,建立了残余应力引起铣削变形的二维有限元仿真模型.最后对实例进行了仿真计算,分析了残余应力引起的加工变形规律,并用解析法对仿真结果的进行了验证.     

Computer simulation and experimental study of machining deflection due to original residual stress of aerospace thin-walled parts

Aerospace thin-walled parts have a complex structure and high accuracy. Factors such as original residual stress, fixing, and machining may make low-rigidity parts deform easily, which is difficult for traditional craftwork to forecast and control. Especially in machining big aerospace parts, original residual stress has a great effect on machining deflection. In this paper finite element model of original residual stress is established to analyze the corresponding deflection by machining aerospace thin-walled parts. Simulation results are validated consistent with experimental results approximately. At last the paper puts forward the corresponding mend methods to control the deflection caused by original residual stress during the actual machining process.     

激光立体成形TC4钛合金的热力场演化

激光立体成形能够实现高性能复杂零件的精确成形,但成形过程中的高温度梯度极易导致残余应力和变形,最终影响构件的几何精度和力学性能。通过搭建基板单边夹持原位热变形测量系统,探究了多道多层TC4钛合金成形件在激光立体成形过程中基板温度、变形的演化规律,分析了不同扫描策略对构件热应力场的影响。研究结果表明,构件的变形发展受其热历史驱使,扫描策略对成形件的热变形具有显著影响。     

高档数控机床基础件低应力制造特性的研究

围绕高档数控机床基础件的低应力制造问题,研究了残余应力的分布规律,提出从优化制造过程工艺参数出发的降低残余应力方法.明确了铸造、机加工是两个对残余应力的产生起主导作用的工艺环节,采用有限元法对某加工中心床身进行了残余应力分析,得出了该床身在铸造与机加工环节的残余应力大小及分布情况.据此优化铸造残余应力振动时效处理的工艺...     

Influence of the machining sequence on the residual stress redistribution and machining quality: analysis and improvement using numerical simulations

The manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural aerospace parts involves multiple steps, the principal ones being the forming (rolling, forging etc.), the heat treatments and the machining. During this last step, the final geometry of the part is obtained. Before machining, the workpiece has therefore undergone several manufacturing steps resulting in unequal plastic deformation and metallurgical changes which are both sources of residual stresses. On large and complex aluminium alloy aeronautical parts, up to 90 % of the initial workpiece volume can be removed by machining. During machining, the mechanical equilibrium of the part is in constant evolution due to the redistribution of the initial residual stresses.The residual stress redistribution is the main cause of workpiece deflections during machining as well as of post-machining distortion (after unclamping). Both can lead to the non-conformity of the part with the geometrical and dimensional tolerance specifications and therefore to a rejection of the part or to additional conforming steps. In order to improve the machining accuracy and the robustness of the process, the effect of the residual stresses has to be considered for the definition of the machining process plan. In this paper, a specific numerical tool [2] allowing to predict workpiece deflections during machining and post-machining distortion is used to study the influence of the machining sequence on the machining quality in taking into consideration the initial residual stresses. A first machining process plan defined as the reference case is simulated. Simulation results are then compared with experimental ones showing the feasibility to use the developed tool to predict the machining quality depending on the initial residual stresses, the fixture layout and the machining sequence. Using the computational tool, a method to optimise the machining quality depending on the initial workpiece and on the machining sequence is presented. A machining process plan allowing to respect the tolerance specifications is then defined. This demonstrates the feasibility to adapt and to optimise the machining process plan to ensure conformity of the part with the tolerance specifications.