Microstructure and temperature dependence of magnetic properties of CuO-added MnZn ferrites

MnZn ferrites with the chemical formula Mn<,0.68>Zn<,0.25>Fe<,2.07>O<,4> have been prepared by a conventional ceramic technique. Then, the effects of CuO addition on the microstructure and temperature dependence of magnetic properties of MnZn ferrites were investigated by characterizing the fracture surface micrograph and measuring the magnetic properties over a temperature ranging from 25 to 120℃. The results show that the lattice constant and average grain size increase with the increase of CuO concentration. When the CuO concentration is below 0.07 wt.%, the initial permeability and saturation magnetic flux density increase monotonously, and the temperature of the secondary maximum peak in the curve of initial permeability versus temperature and the lowest power loss shift to a lower temperature with the increase of CuO concentra- tion. However, excessive CuO concentration (>0.07 wt.%) results in abnormal grain growth and porosity increase, which causes the initial permeability and saturation magnetic flux density decrease and the power loss increase at room temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the secondary maximum peak in the curve of initial permeability versus temperature and the lowest power loss shift to a higher temperature.     

Microstructure and temperature dependence of magnetic properties of CuO-added MnZn ferrites

MnZn ferrites with the chemical formula Mn0.68Zn0.25Fe2.07O4 have been prepared by a conventional ceramic technique. Then, the effects of CuO addition on the microstructure and temperature dependence of magnetic properties of MnZn ferrites were investigated by characterizing the fracture surface micrograph and measuring the magnetic properties over a temperature ranging from 25 to 120 C. The results show that the lattice constant and average grain size increase with the increase of CuO concentration. When the CuO concentration is below 0.07 wt.%, the initial permeability and saturation magnetic flux density increase monotonously, and the temperature of the secondary maximum peak in the curve of initial permeability versus temperature and the lowest power loss shift to a lower temperature with the increase of CuO concentra-tion. However, excessive CuO concentration (>0.07 wt.%) results in abnormal grain growth and porosity increase, which causes the initial permeability and saturation magnetic flux density decrease and the power loss increase at room temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the secondary maximum peak in the curve of initial permeability versus temperature and the lowest power loss shift to a higher temperature.     

Effects of B2O3-SiO2 doping on electrical properties of Ba0. 65 Sr0. 35 TiO3 ceramics

Ba0. 65 Sr0. 35 TiOa ceramics doped with B2O3-SiO2 glass composition were prepared by using conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of glass dopant on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The results show that the dielectric constant decreases while the dielectric loss increases after doping. And as the glass content increases the dielectric constant decreases while the dielectric loss changes slightly. From the complex impedance analysis the resistance and the relaxation time of the grain and the grain boundary can be calculated.Comparing the P--E hysteresis loop of undoped Ba0.65 Sr0.35 TiO3 ceramics with that of B2O3-SiO2 doped Ba0.65 Sr0.35 TiO3 ceramics, it can be seen that the remanent polarization decreases when the B2O3-SiO2 content is lower than 8% (molar fraction), and the coercive field increases with the increase of B2O3-SiO2 content.     

Mn掺杂对0.7BiFeO3-0.3PbTiO3薄膜铁电性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在La Ni O3/Si O2/Si衬底上制备了掺Mn量为0%、1%、5%、10%(质量分数)的0.7Bi Fe O3-0.3Pb Ti O3(BFMPT7030/x,x=0,0.01,0.05,0.1)薄膜。XRD测试表明,薄膜均完全结晶,呈现高度(100)择优取向。通过对薄膜晶体结构分析,发现BFMPT7030/0.05薄膜具有最小的晶粒尺寸(258 nm)及最小的晶胞体积(61.25×10-3 nm3)。SEM测试结果显示样品晶粒生长充分,晶粒尺寸在150~300 nm之间。铁电性能测试结果表明,当Mn含量为5%时,铁电性能较好,电滞回线形状最好,最为饱和。漏电流测试结果表明随着掺Mn量增加,BFMPT7030薄膜的漏电流随电场增大而增加的趋势减弱。     

高磁感取向硅钢表面处理对铁芯损耗的影响

为了进一步降低趋向硅钢铁损,研究了表面处理对取向硅钢铁芯损耗的影响,采用铁损分离的方法研究了磁滞损耗和异常涡流的变化规律。结果表明:取向硅钢经抛光处理,激光刻痕和PVD制备的高张力涂层复合作用铁芯损耗下降22%以上,其中表面抛光使得磁滞损耗下降28%左右,但异常涡流损耗上升15%左右,进一步采用刻痕和陶瓷涂层细化磁畴工艺处理,磁滞损耗上升5%,异常涡流损耗下降40%左右。     

Influence of rare-earth ions on structural and magnetic properties of CdFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> ferrites

Nano-sized powders of rare-earth ions added CdFe2O4 ferrites were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method.The influence of R ions(R = Sm3+, Y3+, and La3+) on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CdFe2O4 ferrites was studied.XRD, SEM, FTIR, and magnetic hysteresis loops were used for analyzing the samples.The addition of R ions alters the structure of the powders and decreases the crystalline size, lattice constant, and grain size.The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, rema...     

Influence of rare-earth ions on structural and magnetic properties of CdFe_2O_4 ferrites

Nano-sized powders of rare-earth ions added CdFe2O4 ferrites were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method.The influence of R ions(R = Sm3+, Y3+, and La3+) on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CdFe2O4 ferrites was studied.XRD, SEM, FTIR, and magnetic hysteresis loops were used for analyzing the samples.The addition of R ions alters the structure of the powders and decreases the crystalline size, lattice constant, and grain size.The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and magnetic moment increased due to addition of rare-earth ions in CdFe2O4 ferrite.The formation of secondary phase on the grain boundaries supports the abnormal growth.FTIR spectra show two absorption bands.Results suggest that the magnetic properties depend on the particular method of preparation and additives.     

Effects of electrolytes on properties of anodic coatings formed on AZ91HP magnesium alloy

In a basic solution containing 10 g/L NaOH, the thickness, morphology and corrosion resistance of anodic coatings formed in solutions without and with additions of Na2SiO3, Na2CO3, Na2B4O7 and Na2SnO3 were separately determined and evaluated. The results show that the electrolytes used above take part in the coating formation and the obtained anodic coatings contain elements from the electrolytes. These electrolytes, especially Na2SiO3 and Na2B4OT, contribute to the film thickness. The coating uniformity obtained by addition of Na2SiO3 is the best, while Na2CO3, Na2B4O7 and Na2SnO3 decrease the number of pores per area on the coatings surface though they worsen the uniformity of the anodic coatings. In addition, the anodic coatings formed in solutions with addition of Na2CO3 or Na2SnO3 exhibit loose and net-like structure. Na2SiO3 and Na2B4O7 can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the anodic coatings while Na2CO3 and Na2SnO3 have minor effects on improving the coating corrosion resistance.     

Ni掺杂SnO_2的光谱特性及气敏性能研究

采用溶剂热法将Ni掺杂到纳米SnO2中,分别利用TEM、EDAX、XRD、Raman和XPS表征了Ni掺杂后SnO2的微观形貌、结构和元素组成特征,分析了Ni掺杂对增强SnO2气敏性能的作用机理。实验结果表明,Ni的掺杂可抑制SnO2晶粒增长,减小SnO2晶粒尺寸,进而提升传感器的气敏性能。少量的Ni掺杂能够使Ni2+进入SnO2晶格中取代Sn4+产生氧空位,促进SnO2气敏性能的提高;而当Ni掺杂量达到30%时,会导致部分Ni以其他的形式存在于SnO2晶体表面上,降低SnO2气敏性能。     

Corrosion behaviour of as-cast ZK40 with CaO and Y additions

The microstructures of as-cast ZK40, ZK40 with 2% (mass fraction) CaO and ZK40 with 1% (mass fraction) Y were investigated, and the intermetallic phase morphology and the distribution were characterised. By having discrete intermetallic particles at the grain boundaries for the ZK40, the microstructure was modified to a semi-continuous network of intermetallic compounds along the grain boundaries for the ZK40 with CaO or Y additions. The CaO was not found in the microstructure. However, Ca was present in Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ intermetallic compounds which were formed during casting. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests revealed that the addition of CaO slightly enhanced the corrosion resistance whereas Y had a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of ZK40. Immersion tests showed that severe localised corrosion as well as corrosion along the intermetallic compounds played an important role in the corrosion process of ZK40–Y whereas the localised corrosion was not pronounced for ZK40 or ZK40–CaO alloys. Micro-segregation in the α-Mg matrix was notably higher for the ZK40 alloy compared with the modified alloys. The combination of this effect with a possible formation of a more stable corrosion layer for the ZK40–CaO was attributed as the main reason for an improved corrosion resistance for the ZK40–CaO alloy.     

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS Fe-Si-B ALLOYS

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Effects of Zr additions on structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti (wt.%) alloy

The effects of different Zr additions(0.05wt.%-0.5wt.%)on the structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti(wt.%)alloy solidified under a high cooling rate(18℃·s^-1),in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions were studied.The as-cast structure of the alloy consists of equiaxed grains ofα-Al with an average size of 64μm which is unaffected by the Zr additions,indicating the ineffectiveness of Zr in the grain refinement of the alloy.Scanning electron microscopy,along with X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of elongatedθ-Al2Cu at the grain boundaries;in addition,coarse Al3Zr particles exist in the intergranular regions of the 0.5wt.%Zr-containing alloy.After the T6 heat treatment,the elongatedθparticles were fragmented;however,the coarse Al3Zr particles remained unchanged in the microstructure.Also,the formation of fineβ’-Al3Zr andθ’’-Al3Cu/θ’-Al2Cu phases during T6 heat treatment was revealed by transmission electron microscopy.The results of the tensile tests showed that the Zr additions increase the strength of the alloy in both as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions,but reduce its elongation,especially with 0.5wt.%Zr addition.The 0.3wt.%Zr-added alloy in the T6 heat-treated condition has the highest quality index value(249 MPa).Fractography of the fracture surfaces of the alloys revealed ductile fracture mode including dimples and cracked intermetallic phases in both conditions.     

Tailored sintering of VC-doped WC–Co cemented carbides by pulsed electric current sintering

WC–12 wt.% Co powder mixtures with 0, 0.45 or 0.9 wt.% VC additions were consolidated by solid state pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) for 2 min at 1080–1240 °C. The influence of the sintering condition and VC concentration on the densification, WC grain growth and mechanical properties of the cemented carbides were investigated. Finite element simulation revealed that the radial temperature gradient inside the sintering powder compacts could be homogenised using a carbon felt insulation surrounding the graphite die set-up.     

磁铅石结构新钙系铁氧体的制备与磁性能

采用陶瓷法成功地制备了磁铅石结构新钙系铁氧体,利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),振动样品磁强计(VSM)和B-H分析仪,对产物的晶型、结构、微观形貌和磁性能进行研究。结果表明,Ca2+-La3+-Co2+联合取代可以显著提高磁铅石结构铁氧体的磁性能。与镧钴锶铁氧体相比,剩磁、磁感应矫顽力、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积均有明显的提高。这种烧结磁体变小、变薄后,仍能保持高的剩余磁通密度。     

Tb2O3掺杂对氧化铝陶瓷电弧管组织和性能的影响

通过掺杂不同浓度Tb2O3的重稀土氧化物,研究不同烧结温度下二元MgO-Tb2O3对氧化铝陶瓷电弧管组织与性能的影响,并与MgO-CaO掺杂体系进行比较。结果表明:在相同工艺条件下,CaO掺杂样品晶粒组织粗大且分布不均匀;添加重稀土氧化物Tb2O3可降低氧化铝陶瓷电弧管的晶体颗粒尺寸;在较低烧结温度下,掺杂Tb2O3能够细化晶粒、提高微观组织均匀性、消除晶粒异常生长及有效地改善透明氧化铝陶瓷电弧管的力学性能。     

无机阴离子掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶，凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备掺杂钼酸根离子（MoO4^2-）、高锰酸根离子（MnO4^2-）、钨酸根离子（WO4^2-）和锡酸根离子（SnO3^2＋）等复杂无机阴离子的二氧化钛光催化薄膜。光催化实验表明钼酸根离子、高锰酸根离子和钨酸根离子的掺杂都在不同程度上降低了薄膜的光催化性能，掺杂浓度不同对薄膜光催化性能的影响略有不同，而掺杂浓度为0.006mol．L^-1的锡酸根离子可以提高薄膜的光催化活性。利用傅立叶红外光谱研究了掺杂复杂无机阴离子对纳米二氧化钛表面结构的影响，结果表明SnO3^2-掺杂后TiO2的晶格振动峰出现明显的宽化，分析认为SnO3^2-通过热分解产生SnO2，抑制TiO2粒子在热处理过程中生长，有利于形成更细小的晶体，从而提高其光催化活性。     

磨粒类型对K9玻璃剪切增稠抛光的影响

目的 采用剪切增稠抛光方法对K9玻璃进行抛光,以工件表面粗糙度Sa为评价指标,研究不同磨粒抛光液对K9玻璃的抛光效果。方法 采用金刚石、CeO2、Al2O3和SiO2等4种单一磨粒,以及金刚石+SiO2混合磨粒,制备了不同的剪切增稠抛光液,并测试其流变特性。以?20 mm K9玻璃圆片为工件,首先在相同磨粒浓度下,进行4种单一磨粒抛光液的抛光实验,观测在抛光时间不同时工件表面粗糙度Sa的变化情况,比较4种抛光液的抛光效果。然后,对比CeO2抛光液与金刚石+SiO2混合磨粒抛光液的抛光效果,并分析讨论混合磨粒抛光液的材料去除过程。结果 使用CeO2抛光液抛光35 min后,将工件的表面粗糙度Sa从(233.1±15.2)nm降至(1.6±0.2)nm;金刚石抛光液次之,在抛光55 min后工件的表面粗糙度Sa达到(1.86± 0.2)nm;Al2O3抛光液的效果相对最差。采用SiO2(质量分数10%)+金刚石(质量分数5%)抛光液,在抛光5 min后工件的表面粗糙度Sa比CeO2抛光液的低53.3%;在抛光35 min后,工件的表面粗糙度Sa从(230.7±10.5)nm降至(1.43±0.9)nm。在金刚石(质量分数5%)抛光液中添加不同浓度SiO2磨粒的抛光实验中发现,在抛光初始阶段,抛光效率随着SiO2磨粒浓度的增加而增大。结论 CeO2抛光液和SiO2(质量分数10%)+金刚石(质量分数5%)抛光液的抛光效果相对最优,后者在低表面质量时的抛光效率更高。     

MnO_2掺杂Ni-Zn铁氧体的微观结构及磁性能

为了改善Ni-Zn铁氧体材料的功率损耗特性,基于固相反应烧结法研究MnO2掺杂对Ni-Zn铁氧体综合性能的影响。研究发现,在0～2.0%（质量分数）掺杂范围内,MnO2不会影响铁氧体的单相结构。而Ni-Zn铁氧体的平均晶粒尺寸、烧结密度以及磁导率都随着MnO2掺杂量的增加而逐渐下降,同时,铁氧体的电阻率持续上升。饱和磁化强度（单位质量产生的磁矩）先随着0.4%MnO2的掺入略有上升,而后随着MnO2掺杂量的增加持续下降,这主要是受金属离子占位及超交换作用力变化的影响。当测试频率低于1MHz时,铁氧体的功耗（Pcv）随着MnO2掺杂量的增加持续上升,而当测试频率超过1MHz后,涡流损耗在总损耗中逐渐占主导地位,电阻率越高的样品越有利于获得低功耗,但这一规律对于2.0%MnO2掺杂的样品不适用。总体而言,当频率低于1MHz时,不掺杂MnO2的Ni-Zn铁氧样品能够获得更低的功耗;而当频率超过1MHz后,掺杂1.6%MnO2的Ni-Zn铁氧体能够获得最低的功耗。     

熟料烧结过程中氧化铁反应行为的热力学分析

通过对Fe2O3与碳酸钠、氧化钙以及硅酸钙反应的热力学分析,明确Fe2O3在铝土矿炉料烧结过程中的热力学反应规律。热力学计算、分析结果表明:Fe2O3在正常烧结温度范围内能与Na2CO3或CaO发生反应,但更易与CaO反应形成2CaO.Fe2O3或CaO.Fe2O3,Fe2O3和Na2O.Fe2O3能使2CaO.SiO2和3CaO.2SiO2转变为CaO.SiO2,CaO.SiO2进一步与Na2O.Al2O3或Na2O.Fe2O3反应生成不溶的三元化合物而造成烧结法生产氧化铝过程中Na2O和Al2O3的损失。4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3不能由铁酸钙和铝酸钠相互反应产生,而可能是CaO、Al2O3和Fe2O3三者直接反应的产物,且在烧结条件下Na2O.Fe2O3可分解4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3。     

Effects of Nd3+ on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrites

Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2-xNdxO4(x=0-0.07) ferrites doped with different amounts of Nd2O3 were prepared using standard ceramic technique. The samples were uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1250℃ for 4h in air. The phase structure and microstructure of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The complex permeability was measured using the impedance analyzer in the range of 1-100MHz. The results indicate that with increasing Nd3 content, the relative density and lattice parameter a of the sintered samples increase, whereas the real part of permeability (μ') and the magnetic loss tangent (tan δ) decrease. The substitution of Nd3 for Fe3 forms a secondary phase on the grain boundary of the matrix, which strongly restrains the grain growth of the matrix.