Use of ESR for deterioration diagnosis of electrolytic capacitor

A new deterioration diagnosis method for the electrolytic capacitor is proposed for a forward-type converter and a buck-boost converter. It was observed that the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the electrolytic capacitor increases as it deteriorates, and the knowledge that ripple varies proportionally to the ESR increase was used. With this method, the electrolytic capacitor life-cycle aging rate can be projected for the active circuit over the system life. This approach to deterioration is valid for any load condition, no matter whether the circuit has feedback control or not     

一种多输出电流馈电推挽变换器的电流反馈控制方法

 本文提出了一种应用于多输出BUCK电流馈电推挽变换器的电流反馈控制方法.该控制方法等效于可变权系数的加权电压控制方法,其通过将反馈变量采样点由输出支路转移至变压器原边输入端并利用电感电流加以补偿从而实现对各支路输出电压的均衡调节.这一控制方法在简化反馈环节的同时改善了各支路输出电压的负载调整特性.分析过程考虑了主要的传导损失.仿真与实验结果证明了该控制方法的有效性.     

A novel orthogonal-vectors-based topology of multilevel inverters

This paper presents a novel proposal of developing converter output voltage waveforms and novel converter topologies. The main idea is based on the assumption that the total converter output space vector is composed of two orthogonal space vectors. Two basic proposals are discussed. The first one is related to a converter built of two standard inverters: a main inverter (MI) and an auxiliary one. The converter output voltage space vector is composed of two orthogonal vectors generated by the respective inverters. The total power of the auxiliary inverter does not exceed 20% of the MI power. Thanks to the presented control method, the harmonic content of the output voltage is significantly reduced. The second proposal is related to a novel converter topology denoted as OVT-IHC. The converter is built of one two-level inverter and three isolated H-bridge circuit units. The structure and its performance are also discussed in the paper. The converter in question is able to generate 133 different output space vectors and permits achievement of a stepped adjustment of the RMS output voltage. Both topologies presented in the paper indicate some characteristics and advantages of multilevel inverters. The converters acting on the basis of the orthogonal vectors idea possess promising properties and are suitable to applications in medium-power converters. The paper presents main features and contribution to the theory.     

光伏发电用推挽正激升压电源的研究

针对光伏发电升压电源中存在的输入输出不隔离及体积大效率低的缺点,研制了一款具有MPPT功能的新型推挽正激升压电源。以推挽正激变换器作为升压电源的核心,设计了升压电源主电路、控制电路、反馈电路。在最大功率点跟踪中提出了扰动因子,利用改进的变步长扰动观察法对传统的MPPT算法进行优化。实验结果显示了变换器良好的特性,推挽正激升压电源达到了结构简单稳定性高的设计要求并能准确迅速跟踪外部环境的变化。     

Small-signal analysis and control design of asymmetrical half-bridge DC-DC converters

This paper presents the small-signal modeling, dynamic analysis, and control design of the asymmetrical half-bridge dc-dc converter that employs a clamp capacitor and a magnetizing inductor to accommodate pulsewidth-modulated operation with asymmetrical duty ratios. The circuit averaging technique is applied to extract the small-signal dynamics of the power stage, and a graphical loop-gain method is used to design the feedback compensation and analyze the closed-loop performance of the converter. The distinctive power-stage dynamics of the converter are addressed and design guidelines for voltage feedback compensation are established. The results of the control design and closed-loop analysis are substantiated by experiments using an experimental converter.     

数字闭环加速度计带宽测试方法的研究

为了消除传统电模拟法引入的激励信号对力矩器驱动模块造成的影响,提出了一种在数字闭环加速度计系统反馈回路数模转换器输入端叠加一个激励信号来测试系统带宽的方法.通过对该方法的电激励模型进行分析,表明在带宽测试时系统反馈回路D/A输入端叠加激励信号可以等效为外界输入的加速度.搭建测试平台测试系统带宽,实验表明,用该方法测得的数字闭环加速度计系统带宽与传统机械振动法的测试结果相接近.该方法未增加其它电路,降低了系统的复杂度,消除了电模拟法外加激励信号源对力矩器驱动模块的影响.此外,该方法操作快速简单、便于在线测试,可满足大多数数字闭环加速度计的带宽测试要求.     

Phasor-Domain Modeling of Resonant Inverters for High-Frequency AC Power Distribution Systems

The circuit modeling and analysis of resonant inverters is complex because the state variables such as inductor currents and capacitor voltages are AC dominant. The phasor dynamic modeling method maps the periodical time-varying state variables into stationary frame for each harmonic of interest. Correspondingly, the circuit is decomposed into two DC subcircuits, the state variables of which are the time-varying Fourier coefficients of the original AC variables. A small-signal model can be derived by applying small perturbation and linearization to the Fourier coefficients. A phasor-domain modeling method is used to investigate the resonant inverters in high-frequency AC power distribution systems. A resonant inverter system with five energy storage elements is modeled and simulated, and compared with switch simulation for both steady state and transients. The phasor model simulation matches the switch model simulation in both steady state and transients, but takes much less computing time. In addition, this model closely relates to the power converter topology in time domain, and therefore, keeps the physical meaning of the state variables. It can be used for high accuracy of modeling, simulation, and circuit analysis and control design. It can be extended to a higher order of resonant topologies including parasitic components. A high-frequency AC system with two pulse-phase-modulation-controlled resonant inverters is modeled and simulated, and the current distribution control is investigated with the phasor model. The model simulation is compared with switch-level simulation and experimental results.     

Buck型变换器的线性化小信号补偿前馈控制

为减小由输入电源扰动引起的输出电压工频纹波,改善DC/DC变换器动态性能,根据平均变量建模思想,为电压型PWM控制的Buck型变换器建立连续导电工作模式（CCM）下统一的平均变量等效电路。分析等效电路并根据前馈控制的不变性原理提出Buck型变换器针对输入电压扰动的线性化小信号补偿前馈控制原理及实现方法,采用该方法的Buck型变换器可快速补偿输入电压扰动,加快变换器在输入电压扰动时的动态调节过程,显著减小输出电压中包括工频在内的低频纹波,改善变换器的动态性能。仿真研究结果验证了文中线性化小信号补偿前馈控制原理、方法及其分析的正确性。     

基于推挽式带伪直流母线拓扑的光伏逆变器设计

针对中小功率光伏并网发电系统的特点,在分析比较常用拓扑方案的基础上,采用推挽式带伪直流母线的拓扑结构作为光伏并网逆变器的主电路。文中重点阐述了主电路的工作原理和关键电路元件的参数设计,并对整流二极管的缓冲和工频逆变器的控制进行了相应的探讨。最后通过实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

DC-DC buck变换器的混沌现象分析及其控制

作为典型的分段光滑系统,DC-DC变换器中会出现诸多复杂的非线性现象,如分岔与混沌。文中从系统传递能量的角度分析了电压反馈型DC-DC buck变换器中混沌产生的机理,指出系统能量的增加是使系统产生混沌的主要原因。在此基础上,提出了一种采用以电感电流为控制变量的脉冲反馈控制器,实现了对电压反馈型DC-DC buck变换器混沌现象的控制。最终通过理论分析、数值计算及电路仿真证实了该方法的正确性及有效性。上述研究结果有助于加深对电路系统动力学特性的认识与理解,对优化系统参数、提高系统性能具有理论和实用价值。     

New space-vector control strategies for three-phase step-up/downAC/DC converter

In this paper, an equivalent DC duty cycle for the generalized zero-voltage space vectors is proposed such that control of the three-phase AC part and the DC part of the converter circuit can be integrated to achieve the ideal characteristic of single-stage step-up/down AC/DC converter. Depending upon how many modes are chosen and which class of generalized zero-voltage space vectors is selected to increase the equivalent DC duty cycle, different control strategies can be obtained. It is seen that not only the control of the six switches is simplified but also the deadtime circuit for avoiding short circuit of the same arm can be eliminated for the proposed converter. In addition, some guidelines for selecting the LC parameters are described briefly and experimental results given for verifying the validity of the proposed converter     

Small signal equivalent circuit modeling of resonant converters

A general analytical procedure is presented for the equivalent circuit modeling of resonant converters, using the series and parallel resonant converters as examples. The switched tank elements of a resonant converter are modeled by a lumped parameter equivalent circuit. The tank element circuit model consists, in general, of discrete energy states, but may be approximated by a low-frequency continuous time model. These equivalent circuit models completely characterize the terminal behavior of the converters and are solvable for any transfer function or impedance of interest. With the approximate model it is possible to predict the lumped parameter poles and zeros, and to quickly determine the relevant DC gains of the output impedance and the control to output transfer function. Closed-form solutions are given for the equivalent circuit models of both converter examples. Experimental verification is presented for the control-to-output transfer functions of both series and parallel resonant converters, and good agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental measurement is obtained     

CCM模式下非理想Buck变换器的建模与仿真

首先运用能量守恒原理将非理想型Buck变换器进行理想化转换;然后,就转换后的电路根据开关网络平均模型法建立平均变量模型,从而得到Buck变换器的大信号平均等效电路、直流等效电路和交流小信号等效电路,进而进行稳态和动态小信号特性分析;接着在此基础上,设计补偿网络,实现闭环控制;最后借助MATLAB软件进行仿真,与补偿前的仿真图形进行比较分析得出结论。     

一种新型恒频滞环电流控制策略研究

并联型有源电力滤波器的变环宽滞环电流控制方法是根据电流幅值的变化适时调整滞环宽度,可有效保证滤波器的补偿性能,控制开关器件的开关频率。在传统的变环宽滞环电流控制算法的基础上,加入了电流限幅和频率PI反馈控制环节,限制了较大电流的波动,提高了频率的控制精度,以及有源电力滤波器的电流补偿性能。Matlab仿真结果表明,采用新型恒频滞环电流控制算法进行电流跟踪补偿时,系统的电流总畸变率小于采用传统变环宽滞环电流控制算法时的总谐波畸变率。     

双并联Boost变换器的延迟反馈控制技术

在电流模式下,峰值电流控制的并联Boost变换器具有分叉混沌等非线性的特性,为消除电路中的混沌现象,提出了一种延迟电流反馈的控制策略。基于闭环系统精确的离散时间模型,推导出了在电流控制模式下的并联Boost变换器主要电路参数变化时的迭代公式。利用Matlab软件进行仿真,并在不同情况下通过对比,验证了延迟电流反馈控制策略具有较好的抑制混沌的能力及鲁棒性。     

一种新型矩阵式高频链逆变器控制方法

基于拓扑解耦思想提出了一种针对矩阵式高频链逆变器的新型控制策略。根据高频逆变桥生成的高频环的极性,将矩阵变换器的拓扑解耦成两个常规的三相电压源型逆变器,从而就可将常规电压源逆变器的控制方法引入到对矩阵变换器控制当中,简化了对矩阵变换器的分析。进行了实验研究,结果表明该控制方法具有较好的控制效果。     

推挽DC-DC变换器建模与控制设计

运用状态空间平均法,推导出连续导电模式下非理想电压型推挽DC-DC变换器功率级电路的低频小信号传递函数,仿真出变换器功率级电路的幅频和相频曲线（Bode图）,通过优化设计反馈补偿电路,可以提高电压型推挽DC-DC变换器系统的稳定性和动态特性。对一台电压型推挽DC-DC变换器样机进行仿真和控制设计,应用网络分析仪Agilent4395A分别测试功率级电路和变换器系统的Bode图,并应用示波器测试变换器系统的负载动态响应,验证了建模和控制设计的正确性。     

DC voltage sensorless single-phase PFC converter

We propose a simple DC voltage sensorless single phase PFC converter by detecting an AC line voltage waveform. Both DC voltage and AC current sensors used in the conventional PFC converter are not required to construct the control system. The conventional converter circuit with a boost chopper circuit in the DC side from a rectifier circuit is used as the main PFC converter circuit. In the control system, the circuit parameters such as a series inductance L and equivalent load resistance value R/sub d/ are used to generate the sinusoidal current waveform. The DC voltage is directly controlled by the command input signal k/sub d/(=E/sub d//E/sub a/) for the boost chopper circuit. The DC voltage regulation is small because of the feed forward control for the AC line voltage E/sub a/ and no dependence of the circuit parameters. The sinusoidal current waveform in phase with the AC line voltage can be obtained. The feasibility of the proposed control system is verified by some simulation and experimental results.     

A Novel Robust Control Method for the Series–Parallel Resonant Converter

A novel robust control method for the series–parallel resonant converter (SPRC), which moves the inverter switching point to switch in advance or with lag w.r.t. the rectifier commutation point (RCP), thereby varying the converter gain around the load-independent point, is presented. The converter gain is derived using a novel analytical tool that combines state-plane analysis and superposition with added RCP constraint. Unlike traditional fundamental harmonic analysis , the exact gain and frequency expressions for the SPRC at the load-independent point and its neighborhood are obtained with this method. The proposed gain adjustment technique is combined with feedback to form a simple resonant converter controller. This control method is shown to be highly robust to resonant tank parameter uncertainty and circuit/switching delay. It also significantly simplifies the resonant converter controller's design.      

无直流电压传感器的单相APFC变换器

文章对一种只检测交流输入电压而不需要检测输出直流电压的简化单相PFC变换器进行了理论分析和研究。在构建控制电路时,不需要常规PFC变换器中的输出电压传感器和输入电流传感器。PFC变换器的主电路为整流电路的直流侧接一级Boost电路。在控制电路中,使用电感L、等效负载电阻Rd等电路参数产生正弦电流波形基准,输出电压直接由控制量Kd(=Ed/Ea)来调节。通过控制,可以得到恒定的直流输出电压和与交流输入电压同相位的正弦电流波形。仿真结果证明了该变换器的可行性。