一种加权的DV-Hop定位改进算法

针对 DV-Hop 定位算法中在计算未知节点到锚节点距离时产生较大误差的问题,提出了一种改进的 DV-Hop 算法。改进算法对全网平均每跳距离和局部平均每跳距离进行了加权处理,得到了未知节点的平均每跳距离,又提出了一种改进的加权最小二乘法来得到未知节点的坐标,减小了节点的定位误差。仿真结果表明,在不需要增加额外的硬件设施的基础上,改进算法的定位精度相比于原算法明显提高。     

一种改进的无线传感器网络节点定位算法

DV-Hop定位算法,其根据距离矢量路由得到的平均每跳距离和跳数来计算未知节点到锚节点的距离存在比较大的误差。针对此问题,提出一种改进算法。首先,使用整个网络中计算出的所有锚节点的平均每跳距离的无偏估计值的平均值来取代最相邻锚节点计算出的平均每跳距离;然后,通过选取符合条件的锚节点来参与未知节点的定位计算。仿真结果表明,该算法与传统的DV-Hop定位算法相比定位精度有较好的改善,具有一定的可用性.     

WSN中基于最佳指数的加权DV-Hop算法

DV-Hop算法是一种低成本、低定位精度的无需测距定位算法,在粗精度定位中应用广泛。为提高DV-Hop算法定位精度,从减小锚节点的平均每一跳距离误差和减小未知节点平均每一跳校正值误差两方面考虑。首先,用最佳指数值下的公式计算锚节点平均每一跳距离。然后,将未知节点的校正值加权处理,使所有的锚节点根据与未知节点距离的远近影响校正值的大小。MATLAB实验证明,改进的基于最佳指数值下的加权DV-Hop算法比DV-Hop算法、加权DV-Hop、最佳指数值下DV-Hop算法定位精度分别提高2%左右、1.65%左右、1.15%左右,同时不会增加网络硬件成本。     

基于平均跳距修正的无线传感器网络节点迭代定位算法

针对无需测距DV-Hop定位算法存在较大定位误差的问题,从3个方面对其进行了改进:采用最小二乘法准则校正了信标节点间的平均每跳距离;基于对多信标节点平均每跳距离的加权处理修正了用于位置估计的平均每跳距离;通过设定定位精度门限,给出了对估计的定位节点坐标进行迭代求精的数值方法.给出了改进定位算法的实现流程,并对算法的性能进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,在适当增加节点计算量和通信开销的条件下,改进算法的定位精度和精度稳定性有明显改善,是一种可行的无线传感器网络节点定位的解决方案.     

基于平均跳距修正的三维DV-Hop定位算法研究

本文在基于三维DV-Hop定位算法的基础上,提出了一种基于平均跳距修正的三维DV-Hop定位算法.该算法除了将DV-Hop定位算法从二维空间扩展到三维空间以外,还对未知节点到锚节点的平均每跳距离作了相应的修正,仿真结果表明:与原始算法相比改进后的算法定位精度有了一定提高.     

无线传感器网络中平均跳距修正的DV-Hop定位算法

针对基本无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法中,计算平均跳距时产生偏小误差的原因,提出了基于平均跳距修正的DV-Hop算法。改进算法中,引入信标节点个数比例、所有信标节点平均跳距的最大值以及所有信标节点平均跳距的平均值三个因子,并采用它们对平均跳距进行修正。通过Matlab软件对算法进行仿真验证,结果表明,改进后的DV-Hop算法有效降低了未知节点的定位误差,是一种可行的无线传感器网络节点定位解决方案。     

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位方法的一种改进策略

原DV-Hop(Distance Vector-Hop)方法的定位步骤可归纳为两步：距离估计与位置计算。其中,距离估计精度对网络拓扑敏感,而位置计算算法对距离估计精度敏感,从而导致方法整体对多样性网络拓扑分布的鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题进行分析与改进,在距离估计阶段提出基于1跳内最近邻信标与其余信标的跳数连接关系独立确定未知节点与各信标间平均跳距的策略,以此改善未知节点与信标之间的距离估计误差;在位置计算阶段提出在原有Lateration算法的基础上增加牛顿迭代法优化步骤,以此提高定位精度。实验结果表明,在相同的网络条件下,与原DV-Hop方法和其他典型改进方法相比,改进策略首先在距离估计阶段提高了距离估计精度,进而在位置计算阶段提高了对距离估计误差的鲁棒性,从而整体上可有效提高全网未知节点的定位精度。     

跳数和跳距修正的距离向量跳段定位改进算法

由于在无线传感网络中传感节点随机分布,致使距离向量跳段(DV-Hop)定位算法的定位误差偏大,为此,采用跳数和跳距修正的方法对距离向量跳段定位算法进行改进。在计算信标节点和未知节点跳数的过程中引入节点通信距离的影响,使得节点之间的实际跳数计算更加准确;再利用线性搜索算法获取最优信标节点间的平均跳距,使信标节点的平均跳距更加精确。对比仿真实验结果表明,改进算法大大提升了定位的精度,提升幅度高达15%。     

一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法

针对Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) 定位算法存在较大定位误差的问题,该文提出了一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法,即WSGDV-Hop定位算法。改进算法用基于误差与距离的权值处理锚节点的平均每跳距离;根据判断的位置关系选择适合的跳段距离计算方法;用改进的遗传算法优化未知节点坐标。仿真结果表明,WSGDV-Hop定位算法的性能明显优于Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) 定位算法,减小了节点定位误差、提高了算法定位精度。     

DV-Hop节点定位算法研究与改进

在节点随机分布的无线传感器网络中,DV-Hop定位算法存在较大的误差。针对DVHop在智能停车场中定位精度不足的缺点,通过研究信标节点间估计距离和真实距离的误差,提出了改进的算法。改进后的算法修改了网络的平均跳段距离和未知节点坐标的估计范围,并用双曲线法取代了三边定位法,采用Max方法布置信标节点,克服了原算法在智能停车场定位中误差较大的缺点。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks