Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Unidirectional Polymeric Laminated Composite Plates Under Bending Loads

Nonlinear bending analysis of polymeric laminated composite plate is examined considering material nonlinearity for viscoelastic matrix material through a Micro–macro approach. The micromechanical Simplified Unit Cell Method (SUCM) in three-dimensional closed-form solution is used for the overall behavior of the unidirectional composite in any combination of loading conditions. The elastic fibers are transversely isotropic where Schapery single integral equation in multiaxial stress state describes the matrix material by recursive-iterative formulation. The finite difference Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is utilized to study the bending behavior of Mindlin annular sector plate including geometric nonlinearity under uniform lateral pressure with clamped and hinged edge constraints. The unsymmetrical laminated plate deflection is predicted for different thicknesses and also various pressures in different time steps and they are compared with elastic finite element results. As a main objective, the deflection results of viscoelastic laminated sector plate are obtained for various fiber volume fractions in the composite system.     

Postbuckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates Using a Higher-Order Zig-Zag Theory

This study examines the effects of incorporating zig-zag kinematics in the postbuckling analysis of laminated composite plates. A higher-order zig-zag plate element for nonlinear analysis was developed based on works of Averill and Yip. Their zig-zag element is especially suitable for a nonlinear structural laminate analysis due to its high accuracy and a low, constant number of degrees of freedom regardless of the number of layers. The article examines global postbuckling response as well as local displacement and stress fields of various laminated plates. The results derived from higher-order zig-zag theory are compared with predictions of first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Significant differences between these two theories are obtained for laminated plates with drastically different transverse stiffness properties with length-to-thickness aspect ratios L / t = 30 and 50. FSDT leads to good predictions of global and local behavior only for L / t = 50 and 100 with a typical layup in which the adjacent plies do not have very different transverse stiffness properties. Results presented in this article indicate that the zig-zag theory is required to predict accurately stresses and in-plane displacements through the thickness in moderately thick plates in the postbuckled state.     

Bending Analysis of Classical Symmetric Laminated Composite Plates by the Strip Element Method

A new formulation of strip element method based on classical laminated plate theory is derived for the bending analysis of laminated composite plates. In this method, an infinite-length plate is first considered and is discretized into a set of strip elements in the width direction. The principle of minimum potential energy is applied to obtain the ordinary differential equations, which are functions of only the coordinate in the length direction. These differential equations can then be solved analytically. The boundary conditions on the length coordinate direction are finally used to determine the deflection distribution in the plate. The strip element solutions are presented for a rectangular laminated composite plate with various boundary conditions and load cases. The solutions are compared with those of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, and very good agreement is obtained.     

Time-Dependent Compressive Strength of Unidirectional Viscoelastic Composite Materials

The strength of unidirectional composites is often lower in compressionthan in tension, making compressive strength an especially importantdesign criterion. Compressive strength in the fiber direction depends onthe stiffness of the matrix material, which softens over time due toviscoelastic effects, and thus lowers the strength of the composite.This reduction must be accounted for in assessing the long-termdurability of composite structures.The dependence of compressive strength on time and temperature hasbeen investigated for a unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite material.Experimental results for strength versus time are compared withanalytical predictions based on a one-dimensional fiber microbucklingmodel and numerical results from finite element analysis.     

基于灵敏度分析的复合材料层合板优化设计

工程结构中的复合材料层合板的几何参数往往具有随机性质.如何研究随机参数层合板的灵敏度,并对参数进行优化分析,这对正确估计结构设计的可靠性有着非常重要的意义.根据层合板的一阶剪切理论,采用样条有限元法,推导并建立了层合板的振动方程,刚度矩阵,质量矩阵,比例阻尼矩阵以及求解反对称层合板响应灵敏度的计算公式,在基于灵敏度分析的基础上,进行了复合材料层合板的基频分析和优化设计,并用网格法计算最佳铺层角.数值算例验证了算法的有效性.     

复合材料层合板故障诊断的一种新方法

本文计算了无损板在给定模态下各单元的能量,求得每个单元对该阶模态下全板能量的贡献,并通过模态实验得到损伤前后各阶固频的变化.分析发现两者之间存在着内在联系,从而得到一种分析小损伤位置和范围的新方法.     

Postbuckling Analysis of Shear-Deformable Composite Laminated Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations

Postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, shear-deformable, composite laminated plate subjected to uniaxial compression and resting on a two-parameter (Pasternak-type) elastic foundation. The initial geometric imperfection of the plate is taken into account. Two cases of in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The formulations are based on Reddy’s higher-order shear-deformation plate theory, including plate–foundation interaction. The analysis uses a deflection-type perturbation technique to determine buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performance of perfect and imperfect, antisymmetric angle-ply and symmetric cross-ply laminated plates resting on Pasternak-type elastic foundations from which results for Winkler elastic foundations are obtained as a limiting case. The effects played by foundation stiffness, transverse shear deformation, the character of the in-plane boundary conditions, plate aspect ratio, total number of plies, fiber orientation, and initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

考虑芯层横向变形的粘弹性复合材料夹层板结构的声振特性分析

夹层板结构具有很高的比强度和比刚度。若芯层采用粘弹性阻尼材料，夹层板结构还具有良好的隔振和隔声特性，因此在工程结构中得到广泛应用。以往的夹层板理论大多忽略了芯层的横向正应变和横向正应力，在分析芯层较厚的夹层板或者夹层结构的高频振动问题时由于不能体现芯层的横向压缩变形，往往显得不够合理。针对这一不足，构造了一个复合材料夹层板单元：夹层板的上下面板采用基于一阶剪切变形理论的Mindlin假定以及层合板理论进行分析；采用文献[6，7]中提出的Timoshenko层合厚梁理论构造了单元每边的转角和剪应变场，消除了Mindlin板单元当板厚变小时的剪切锁死问题；假定芯层的位移沿厚度方向线性变化，并用上下面板的自由度表示，最终形成以上下面板自由度表示的系统总的运动方程。该单元不仅考虑了芯层的横向剪切变形，还考虑了芯层的横向压缩变形。数值计算结果表明：无论对于静力问题、动力问题还是声辐射等问题，考虑芯层的横向压缩变形是合理的，也是有必要的。     

An Edge-Based Smoothed Discrete Shear Gap Method Using the C0-Type Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory for Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates

The edge-based smoothing discrete shear gap method (ES-DSG3) using three-node triangular elements is combined with a C⁰-type higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to give a new linear triangular plate element for static, free vibration, and buckling analyses of laminated composite plates. In the ES-DSG3, only the linear approximation is necessary, and the discrete shear gap method (DSG) for triangular plate elements is used to avoid the shear locking and spurious zero energy modes. In addition, the stiffness matrices are calculated relying on smoothing domains associated with the edges of the triangular elements through an edge-based strain smoothing technique. Using the C⁰-type HSDT, the shear correction factors in the original ES-DSG3 can be removed and replaced by two additional degrees of freedom at each node. The numerical examples demonstrated that the ES-DSG3 show remarkably excellent performance compared to several other published elements in the literature.     

Effects of Boundary Conditions in Laminated Composite Plates Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory

This paper extends the applicability of a modified higher order shear deformation theory to accurately determine the in-plane and transverse shear stress distributions in an orthotropic laminated composite plate subjected to different boundary conditions. A simpler, two-dimensional, shear deformable, plate theory accompanied with an appropriate set of through-thickness variations, is used to accurately predict transverse shear stresses. A finite element code was developed based on a higher order shear deformation theory to study the effects of boundary conditions on the behavior of thin-to-thick anisotropic laminated composite plates. The code was verified against three dimensional elasticity results. The study also compared the stresses and deformation results of higher order theory with those obtained using commercial software such as LUSAS, ANSYS and ALGOR. The commercial software are heavily used by designers to design various components/products made of composites. Various combinations of fixed, clamped and simply supported boundary conditions were used to verify a large class of anticipated applications. Results obtained from software are in good agreement for some cases and significantly differ for others. It was found that LUSAS and ANSYS yield better results for transverse deflection and in-plane stresses. But for transverse shear stresses, it is highly dependent on boundary conditions.     

复合材料层合板脱层诊断的实验研究

利用动态特性对复合材料层合板的脱层损伤进行无损检测,是一种方便、实用的方法.复合材料层合板发生脱层损伤时,其内部微观结构、应力分布以及材料性能参数都会发生变化,这些变化会引起材料的动态特性发生显著的变化.因此,分别研究层合板在健康状态下和损伤状态下的动态特性,就可以分析建立脱层损伤的诊断知识规则.     

Nonlinear Viscoelastic,Viscoplastic Characterization of Unidirectional GF/EP Composite

Viscoplastic strains of unidirectional continuous fiber composite (HEXCEL GF/EPprepreg system) are studied experimentally and theoretically. Creep and strainrecovery tests are used. Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic viscoplasticconstitutive equations are used and generalized to describe inelastic behavior ofunidirectional composite under isothermal creep and strain recovery conditions. Themethodology to quantify the viscoplastic strains with respect to applied stress isproposed. Viscoplastic strains of composite are described by plastic shear strain inmaterial symmetry axis. Assumptions has been used and validated that the functiondescribing the stress and time dependence of viscoplastic strain can be presented asa product of two, time and correspondingly stress dependent, master curves.     

Optimum Design of Laminated Composite Plates Undergoing Large Amplitude Oscillations

The optimum design of composite laminated plates under going large amplitude free vibration is discussed. Von Karman's nonlinear strain displacement relations are considered to account for large amplitude. A higher order shear deformation theory with parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses through thickness is used in the finite element formulation. A nine-noded isoparametric element with 7 dof per node is adopted. Ritz formulation for nonlinear finite element analysis is implemented and the direct iteration method is used to solve the governing nonlinear equation. Optimization is carried out using genetic algorithm (GA) with tournament selection scheme.     

复合材料层合板力学性质分析及角铺设层优化设计

基于Kirchhoff经典理论,用样条有限元法以三次B样条函数构成的样条基对反对称多层角铺设层合板的三个独立位移进行插值,推导了复合材料层合板刚度阵,质量阵列式,阻尼阵列式,并由Lagrange方程导出了层合板的动力学方程,通过瑞利一李兹法建立了特征方程。分析了层合板的固有频率及不同层数和不同约束条件下的基频变化等力学特性,在Kirchhoff假设的基础上,对层合板的非线性弯曲的力学特性进行了探讨。基于样条有限元法和遗传算法进行复合材料层合板的角铺设层的优化设计,数值算列验证了算法的有效性。     

复合层合矩形板水下声辐射解析计算

基于一阶剪切形变理论(FSDT),建立四边简支矩形复合层合板水下声辐射解析模型,采用一种基于定积分的方法计算板表面流载声压,以提高辐射声阻抗的运算效率。为验证算法的正确性,将所得结果与数值计算方法进行了对比。1阶剪切形变理论计算结果也与经典层合板理论(CLPT)的计算结果进行了比较,指出其在计算复合层合板声辐射时的优势。最后分析了跨厚比,铺层角度等参数对声辐射的影响,为结构噪声控制提供参考。     

Dynamic Stability Optimization of Laminated Composite Plates under Combined Boundary Loading

Dynamic stability and design optimization of laminated simply supported plates under planar conservative boundary loads are investigated in current study. Examples can be found in internal connecting elements of spacecraft and aerospace structures subjected to edge axial and shear loads. Designation of such elements is function of layup configuration, plate aspect ratio, loading combinations, and layup thickness. An optimum design aims maximum stability load satisfying a predefined stable vibration frequency. The interaction between compound loading and layup angle parameter affects the order of merging vibration modes and may stabilize the dynamic response. Laminated plates are assumed to be angle-plies symmetric to mid-plane surface. Dynamic equilibrium PDE has been solved using kernel integral transformation for modal frequency values and eigenvalue-based orthogonal functions for critical stability loads. The dictating dynamic stability mode is shown to be controlled by geometric stiffness distributions of composite plates. Solution of presented design optimization problem has been done using analytical approach combined with interior penalty multiplier algorithm. The results are verified by FEA approach and stability zones of original and optimized plates are stated as final data. Presented method can help designers to stabilize the dynamic response of composite plates by selecting an optimized layup orientation and thickness for prescribed design circumstances.     

Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Viscoelastic Structures

This work is concerned with the dynamic behavior of laminated beam, plate and shell structures consisting of a viscoelastic damping layer constrained between two structural layers. Finite element models for modal, harmonic and transient analyses are developed. The dynamic interlaminar shear stresses are determined and presented under harmonic and transient loads. The effect of the damping ratio of the viscoelastic material is investigated. It is found that the viscoelastic material damping reduces the interlaminar stresses. The results also show the dependency of the viscoelastic material on frequency, hence, the effect of the viscoelastic material appears significantly under harmonic loading. In transient analysis, the importance of the viscoelastic material is observed in absorbing the impact and returning the structure to its original configuration.     

Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Viscoelastic Structures

This work is concerned with the dynamic behavior of laminated beam, plate and shell structures consisting of a viscoelastic damping layer constrained between two structural layers. Finite element models for modal, harmonic and transient analyses are developed. The dynamic interlaminar shear stresses are determined and presented under harmonic and transient loads. The effect of the damping ratio of the viscoelastic material is investigated. It is found that the viscoelastic material damping reduces the interlaminar stresses. The results also show the dependency of the viscoelastic material on frequency, hence, the effect of the viscoelastic material appears significantly under harmonic loading. In transient analysis, the importance of the viscoelastic material is observed in absorbing the impact and returning the structure to its original configuration.