基于控制分配的主动前轮独立转向车辆转角分配算法

针对新近提出的主动前轮独立转向(AIFS)系统基于规则的转角分配方法自适应性差、无法实现最优分配的问题,提出了一种基于控制分配的转角分配算法。指出了传统主动前轮转向(AFS)存在的问题,阐述了主动前轮独立转向系统的结构和工作原理;在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了整车四自由度数学模型,设计了AIFS滑模控制器和转角分配模块;通过阶跃转向工况对所提出的转角分配算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明：该分配算法可以使AIFS自适应内外轮载荷转移变化,自动调整内外轮转角大小,较AFS可以更好地跟踪理想横摆角速度和理想运动轨迹,实现了“能力越大的轮胎贡献越大”的控制目标,提高了车辆极限转弯时的侧向稳定性。       

基于模糊逻辑的AFS／DYC集成控制策略研究

文中所研究的汽车动态控制系统是基于模糊逻辑控制的主动前轮转向（AFS）和直接横摆力矩控制（DYC）的集成。控制系统采用分层控制。上层使用模糊逻辑控制器（横摆角速度控制器）,输入为横摆角速度偏差及其变化率,其输出为直接横摆力矩控制信号和前轮修正转向角;下层（模糊集成控制器）设计了基于轮胎侧向力工作区的模糊逻辑控制器,通过调整前轮侧向力的方向,激活切换函数来调节模糊逻辑控制器的比例因子。仿真结果表明,使用非线性七自由度车辆模型,与单独的AFS或DYC控制器相比较,使用集成AFS／DYC控制系统,汽车操纵稳定性得到了很大的改善。     

双电机后驱车辆操纵稳定性分层混杂模型预测控制

为改善车辆在复杂工况下的操纵稳定性,解决低附着路面易失稳的问题,针对后驱双电机轮边驱动电动汽车提出一种结合直接横摆控制与主动转向控制的操纵稳定性控制策略。控制策略采用分层控制结构：上层控制器采用多输入多输出系统的模型预测控制,对目标附加横摆力矩与前轮主动转向角进行求解;下层转矩分配控制器采用混杂模型预测控制（hMPC）,将轮胎纵向力的非线性特征简化为分段的混杂系统,在分配驱动转矩时考虑车轮在不同工况下的滑转情况。搭建了基于dSPACE实时仿真系统的仿真平台,在高附着、低附着路面下进行半实物仿真试验。仿真结果表明,与二次规划（QP）转矩分配算法相比,高附着路面工况下平均相对误差减小了17.64%,方均根误差减小了42.86%,最大偏离误差相对减少了7.64%;低附着路面工况下可以有效防止车辆失稳,改善操纵稳定性。     

线控转向系统的前轮转角跟踪策略研究

研究通过对线控转向系统进行主动控制,可靠并准确地得到期望的前轮转角。基于建立的线控转向系统数学模型,使用非线性自回归模型确定其系统参数,设计内模控制器跟踪车辆的期望运动状态。通过开环和闭环试验,对控制器在典型的驾驶工况下的有效性进行了验证。通过与PID控制器的结果对比,证明所设计的内模控制器能提供更好的控制性能。为减少驾驶员的操纵负担并确保车辆在不同行驶条件下的稳定性,根据不同工况下的测试结果提出基于增益不变的变角传动比控制策略,并设计了滑模控制器跟踪期望横摆角以实现主动转向。通过对内模和滑模控制器的联合仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器可实现期望横摆角度的精确跟踪,显著提高车辆的操纵灵活性和稳定性。     

基于SDRE方法的汽车线控转向系统控制方法研究

利用状态相关Riccati方程(SDRE)方法对汽车线控转向系统控制器进行研究。通过车辆动力学和轮胎模型,建立线控转向系统的状态相关系数结构(SDC)方程;针对动力学方程具有高度非线性的特点,设计了基于SDRE方法的控制器;最后采用θ-D方法对SDRE控制器进行求解,以提高计算效率并保证足够的控制精度。实验平台仿真结果表明:采用SDRE方法设计的线控转向系统控制器具有较高的跟踪精度,可提高车辆操纵稳定性并减少电机能量消耗等。     

基于FlexRay总线线控转向稳定性研究

线控转向装置取消了转向盘和车轮的机械连接,是未来汽车转向的发展趋势.该文采用魔术轮胎的非线性整车动力学模型,研究了车速、路面附着系数以及前轮转向对汽车稳定性的影响;在此基础上,提出了基于横摆角速度和侧向加速度联合控制的控制策略,提高了汽车的稳定性;建立了基于FlexRay通信的线控转向系统,并建立了dSPACE硬件在环...     

Optimization of control allocation with ESC,AFS, ARS and TVD in integrated chassis control

This paper presents an optimization of control allocation in integrated chassis control with active front steering, active rear steering, electronic stability control and torque-vectoring device under the saturation of lateral tire forces on front wheels. After a control yaw moment is calculated in the upper-level controller, a weighted pseudo-inverse based control allocation is used for yaw moment generation in the lower-level controller. Variable coefficients of the weighted pseudo-inverse based control allocation are used to represent various actuator combinations and are optimized for each actuator combination to enhance control performances using simulation on vehicle simulation package, CarSim. Due to severe cornering on low friction road, the front lateral tire forces can be easily saturated. Under the condition, the active front steering has little effect on control performance and, consequently, the desired control yaw moment cannot be generated. So, the lateral force generated by AFS should be restricted to its maximum, and a constrained weighted pseudoinverse based control allocation with electronic stability control, active rear steering and torque-vectoring device is applied to compensate the loss of the control yaw moment. Variable coefficients of the constrained weighted pseudo-inverse based control allocation with electronic stability control, active rear steering and torque-vectoring device are also optimized using simulated-based tuning. To validate the proposed method, simulation was done on CarSim. From simulation, it was verified which actuator combination is effective for integrated chassis control if the lateral forces on front wheels are saturated.

     

基于状态观测器的主动前轮转向研究

应用拉格朗日方程建立汽车主动前轮转向的动力学模型,并以转向盘转角、横摆角速度和侧偏角为优化目标,设计线性二次型调节器（LQR）。调节器中,通过横摆角速度和侧偏角的共同反馈控制助力电机的转角。由于质心侧偏角信号难以直接测量,设计了状态观测器对该信号进行估计。通过MATLAB进行仿真计算,结果表明, LQR优化控制能有效地改善整车的转向特性,提高汽车的操纵稳定性。     

基于LMI的EPS干扰抑制控制器的设计

电动助力转向(EPS)系统工作过程中存在量测噪声、非线性摩擦和路面扰动。为抑制这些干扰因素对EPS系统和汽车操纵稳定性的影响,建立了EPS非线性动力学模型。引入H∞控制算法,并结合线性矩阵不等式(LMIs)方法设计了最优H∞动态反馈控制器,采用三自由度整车模型进行控制器的仿真验证。仿真分析结果表明,在所设计的控制器的作用下,路面扰动对汽车质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的影响分别减少了63.4%和68.7%。     

[分布式驱动电动汽车动力学控制]基于转矩协调分配的分布式驱动电动汽车稳定性控制

A hierarchical vehicle-stability-control method was presented based on the longitudinal force distribution optimization for the handling and stability control of the distributed-driven electric vehicles. The eight-degree-freedom vehicle models and the three-layer control systems were developed. By selecting the sideslip angle and the yaw rate as the state variables and introducting the virtual control to decouple two control variables,  the integral 2-DOF vehicle models were adopted to calculate the equivalent yaw moments for the vehicle stability in upper controllers. The linear quadratic regulator （LQR） method was utilized to optimize the distribution of the front and rear steering angles and the tire longitudinal forces in middle controllers. The sliding-mode-based slip controller in the lower layer was also designed to reallocate the wheel torques. Simulation results show that the control system may make full use of the adhesion potential of the tire under high speed and extreme conditions, realize the coordinated distribution of wheel torques and improve the steering stability of the vehicles. When the actuators fail, the system may reconstruct effectively and realize the reallocation of control inputs to improve the safety of the vehicles.     

人-车闭环中电动助力转向系统的基本特性分析

建立详细的四自由度电动助力转向(EPS)系统机械电气模型,考虑Fiala轮胎模型和二自由度整车模型,引入以转向盘输入角为反馈信号的驾驶员模型,构建装备EPS系统的人-车非线性闭环系统模型。采用模糊控制器确定目标电流并通过PID控制和脉冲宽度调制(PWM)实现其跟踪控制,构建电流闭环控制,并采用基于非线性控制设计(NCD)的单纯形自寻优法对参数进行优化。通过仿真计算,以转向盘输入转矩以及整车的横摆角速度、侧向加速度为指标,研究分析了EPS系统在人-车非线性闭环系统中的基本特性。     

基于状态反馈的主动转向控制

通过对前轮主动转向结构形式的分析和简化,建立了状态空间形式的主动前轮转向动力学模型。并以转向盘转角、横摆角速度和侧偏角为优化目标,设计了线性二次型调节器控制。通过横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的共同反馈,控制电动机助力转角,实现主动转向。控制过程中,设计状态观测器对难以直接测量的质心侧偏角信号进行估计,满足系统对反馈信号的需求。利用Matlab对转向路径跟踪过程及遭遇侧向风作用工况的仿真分析表明,通过横摆角速度和侧偏角的反馈控制,将横摆角速度控制在理想的范围,质心侧偏角被限制在车轮的线性范围内,有效地改善整车的转向特性,提高汽车的操纵稳定性。     

汽车EPS和AFS衰减路面冲击集成控制

为衰减车辆行驶时受到的路面冲击,建立了人-车-路闭环系统数学模型,设计了电动助力转向(EPS)和主动前轮转向(AFS)集成控制算法,运用阻尼补偿控制和最优控制分别设计了电动助力转向和主动前轮转向子系统。在MATLAB/Simulink中的仿真结果表明,单独主动前轮转向控制不能衰减驾驶员把持力矩振动,单独电动助力转向阻尼控制对转向盘角速度振动和车辆横摆角速度振动衰减效果不佳,而集成系统可以很好地同时抑制驾驶员把持力矩振动、转向盘角速度振动和车辆横摆角速度振动,提高了驾驶舒适性、操纵稳定性和行驶安全性。     

新能源汽车主动四轮转向稳定性控制技术

针对无法在不同环境下改变控制规则，导致对汽车控制时获得的横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、车轮转角与理想模型偏差大，车身侧倾角大，存在控制性能差的问题，提出新能源汽车主动四轮转向系统稳定性控制方法。构建了汽车横向动力学模型、垂直运动模型、运动状态方程以及路面输入模型，设计了自适应模糊控制器，将可调因子引入自适应模糊控制器中，使控制器可以适用于不同环境，完成新能源汽车主动四轮转向系统的稳定性控制。实验结果表明，所提方法应用后，可实现汽车主动四轮转向系统稳定性控制。     

Nonlinear observer and robust controller design for enhancement of vehicle lateral stability

This paper describes the design of a sliding mode controller to control wheel slip. A yaw motion controller (YMC), which uses a PID control method, is also proposed for controlling the brake pressure of the rear and inner wheels to enhance lateral stability. It induces the yaw rate to track the reference yaw rate, and it reduces a slip angle on a slippery road. A nonlinear observer is also developed to estimate the vehicle variables difficult to measure directly. The braking and steering performances of the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and YMC are evaluated for various driving conditions, including straight, J-turn, and sinusoidal maneuvers. The simulation results show that developed ABS reduces the stopping distance and increases the longitudinal stability. The observer estimates velocity, slip angle, and yaw rate very well. The results also reveal that the YMC improves vehicle lateral stability and controllability when various steering inputs are applied. In addition, the YMC enhances the vehicle safety on a split-μ road.     

Drive control algorithm for an independent 8 in-wheel motor drive vehicle

This paper describes a drive control algorithm based on optimal coordination of drive torque for an independent 8 in-wheel motor drive vehicle. The drive controller improves lateral stability and maneuverability. The drive controller consists of upper level controller and lower level controller. The upper level controller determines front, middle steering angle, additional net yaw moment and longitudinal net force according to the reference velocity and steering commands. The lower level controller coordinates additional tractive and braking forces to guarantee desired longitudinal net force and yaw moment. This controller is based on optimal control theory and takes into consideration the friction circle related to the vertical tire force and friction coefficient acting on the road and tire. Distributed tractive and braking forces are determined as proportional to the size of the friction circle according to the changes at driving conditions. The response of the 8 in-wheel drive vehicle implemented with this drive controller has been evaluated via computer simulations conducted using Matlab/Simulink dynamic model. Computer simulations of an open-loop J-turn maneuver and a closed-loop driver model subjected to double lane change have been conducted to demonstrate improved performance and stability of the proposed drive controller.     

一种基于自抗扰控制的电子差速控制策略研究

电动车辆转向时,复杂路况及车况综合作用下,驱动轮承载更强扰动的负荷,驱动轮滑移运动所占比重不确定性增大,影响行车稳定与安全.为此,设计基于自抗扰控制(ADRC)的电子差速控制(EDC)策略,并利用混沌粒子群优化算法(CPSO)设计控制器参数.构建7自由度整车模型,以滑移率为控制量、驱动轮电机转矩为输出,设计基于CPSO...     

ACTIVE FRONT STEERING DURING BRAKING PROCESS

An active front steering （AFS） intervention control during braking for vehicle stability is presented. Based on the investigation of AFS mechanism, a simplified model of steering system is established and integrated with vehicle model. Then the AFS control on vehicle handling dynamics during braking is designed. Due to the difficulties associated with the sideslip angle measurement of vehicle, a state observer is designed to provide real time estimation. Thereafter, the controller with the feedback of both sideslip and yaw angle is implemented. To evaluate the system control, the proposed AFS controlled vehicle has been tested in the Hardware-in-the-loop-simulation （HILS） system and compared with that of conventional vehicle. Results show that AFS can improve vehicle lateral stability effectively without reducing the braking performance.     

四轮轮毂电机驱动智能电动汽车转向失效容错控制研究

四轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车各轮驱动力矩独立可控,可通过控制前轴左右两轮的力矩差实现前轮转向。以四轮轮毂电机驱动智能电动汽车为研究对象,针对线控转向系统执行机构失效时的轨迹跟踪和横摆稳定性协同控制问题,提出一种基于差动转向与直接横摆力矩协同的容错控制方法。该方法采用分层控制架构,上层控制器首先基于时变线性模型预测控制方法求解期望前轮转角和附加横摆力矩,然后考虑转向执行机构建模不确定性以及路面干扰,设计基于滑模变结构控制的前轮转角跟踪控制策略。下层控制器以轮胎负荷率最小化为目标,利用有效集法实现四轮转矩优化分配。最后,分别在高速换道和双移线工况下仿真验证了该控制方法的有效性和实时性。     

无人车的线控转向系统故障诊断

针对无人车线控转向系统的安全性及可靠性问题,分析了它的结构组成、工作原理以及故障类型,并且利用线控转向系统离散动力学模型和车辆二自由度模型,借助横摆角速度、侧向加速度和转向执行电机电流信号,设计了基于卡尔曼滤波方法的对转向管柱转角传感器进行实时故障诊断的算法,针对电机的突变故障,通过对电机参数的实时估计来进行故障诊断。实车试验验证表明,所设计的故障诊断算法能够准确、及时诊断出无人车线控转向系统所出现的故障。