热红外联合被动微波重构裸土区地表温度时间序列数据算法

在进行一定区域地表温度时间序列的研究中,常遇到由于天气原因造成的温度数据缺失问题,针对这一突出问题,在分析土壤发射率数据库的基础上,提出了一种裸露地表晴空时段热红外、微波亮温数据与非晴空时段微波亮温数据相结合来获取时间序列中缺失的地表温度数据的算法.此算法不仅解决了被动微波进行地表温度反演过程中下垫面发射率难以确定的问...     

基于遗传算法综合Terra/Aqua MODIS热红外数据反演地表组分温度

混合像元组分温度相对来说更有应用价值,而多角度热红外遥感的发展推动了混合像元组分温度反演基础和方法的发展.根据前期数值模拟得到Terra和Aqua卫星上的MODIS测量可以认为是同一卫星在两个不同观测时间和观测角度上的测量,综合利用Terra和Aqua卫星上的MODIS数据反演混合像元内土壤和植被组分温度.根据混合像元热红外辐射模型,利用遗传算法,分别模拟Terra卫星MODIS的32和33通道,以及Terra和Aqua卫星上MODIS的32通道辐射反演了河北怀来试验区范围内植被覆盖率、土壤组分温度和比辐射率、植被组分温度和比辐射率等表面参数.通过与实测数据进行比较,综合利用上午Terra和下午Aqua卫星32通道数据反演的上午植被组分温度与地面同步测量温度偏差在1℃内,而利用上午Terra卫星32和33通道数据反演的上午植被组分温度与地面同步测量值偏差在1.4℃内.尽管利用双星数据反演的组分温度精度相对较高,但针对同一个像元,两个方案反演的结果有一定偏差.     

高分辨率红外相机单窗与劈窗陆表温度反演精度分析研究

针对高分辨率热红外传感器单通道和劈窗设置,全面分析了影响陆表温度反演的各种因素,探讨劈窗和单窗对温度反演总精度的影响.首先利用辐射传输模型MODTRAN4.0,结合大量的TIGR探空廓线数据,建立广义劈窗算法和普适性单窗算法.接着进行算法拟合精度分析,以及地表比辐射率、等效噪声温度和水汽含量等不确定度对陆表温度反演精度的敏感性分析.最后得出不同比辐射率下,不同水汽含量下,劈窗和单窗算法地表反演总精度.研究表明单窗算法拟合精度低于劈窗算法,且随水汽含量增大而精度降低;水汽含量不确定度、地表比辐射率不确定及通道亮温NE△T对陆表温度反演总精度均有贡献,该贡献大小与水汽含量,比辐射率和地表温度均有关;影响单窗算法精度主要因素是算法拟合精度,影响劈窗算法精度主要因素是通道NE△T.在水汽含量较低时,单窗算法总精度与劈窗算法差不多,都在1K左右,水汽含量越大,单窗算法总精度越低,在2K左右,而劈窗算法总精度则变化不大.     

地基微波辐射计Tipping定标效果及误差分析

地基多通道微波辐射计采用了Tipping定标方法来实现自动定标,它是维持微波辐射计观测亮温数据可靠性的重要措施之一。为了说明Tipping自动定标过程,从Tipping标定的原理出发,详细介绍了微波辐射计Tipping自动定标过程及使用条件,同时对定标误差的基本来源进行了定量分析。最后利用微波辐射计实际观测资料进行了Tipping定标试验,并利用探空资料对Tipping定标效果进行了对比验证。结果表明Tipping定标方法使得亮温定标精度小于1 K,能够有效提高亮温观测精度和湿度廓线的反演效果。该方法对微波辐射计亮温数据观测的长期稳定性有着显著的作用。     

FY-3C微波湿温探测仪118 GHz和183 GHz通道辐射特性仿真分析

我国第二代极轨气象卫星的第三颗星——风云三号C星(FY-3C)已于2013年9月发射.为探讨微波湿温探测仪大气探测通道对大气参数的探测能力,采用威斯康星大学的非流体静力学中尺度模式系统(UW-NMS)模拟Katrina飓风的基础数据集,结合微波辐射传输模式,正演模拟分析了微波湿温探测仪118 GHz和183 GHz通道的辐射特性.仿真结果表明118 GHz和183 GHz通道作为星载亚毫米波大气探测通道,能够提供更加精细的大气温度和湿度廓线信息;冰态粒子的散射作用可使(118.75±5.0)GHz和(183.31±7.0)GHz通道亮温分别下降108 K和76 K,新增的探测频点和通道能提升对云雨大气的探测能力;118 GHz和183 GHz通道亮温对云中各种水凝物粒子响应的模拟分析结果证明了这两组通道在云中水凝物分布特性反演方面的潜在探测能力;大气中雨水含量的增加可以导致(118.75±5.0)GHz通道亮温下降4.5 K,118 GHz对液态粒子特有的响应能力,显示了其作为降水反演频点的优势;大气中雪粒子含量的增加会使(118.75±5.0)GHz通道亮温下降10 K,可利用该通道探测云中的雪晶含量.     

高光谱微波亮温数据预处理方法分析

高光谱亮温数据的数据量通常十分庞大,其中包含大量冗余信息,直接使用计算量大且冗余信息会对计算结果产生影响,所以需要对数据进行预处理。使用主成分分析法和通道选择方法2种数据预处理方法对根据SeeborV5.0数据集生成的高光谱仿真微波亮温数据进行预处理,将处理后的数据作为神经网络的输入进行大气温度廓线反演。反演实验结果表明,使用主成分分析法的神经网络反演效果更好。     

星载微波辐射遥感的极化指数距平统计与土壤湿度分布

用辐射传输理论提出的地表微波辐射极化指数PI的定义,分别指出了土壤湿度、地面粗糙、植被层和大气层的各自影响.用DMSP SSM/I多时相6年的数据给出中国主要陆地19.35GHz通道的PI值月平均分布,表征土壤湿度的月变化,并获得中国主要陆地同季同月PI距平值△nPI的统计分布,展示了中国陆地土壤湿度变化的分布图,以及在干旱与水涝期间PI距平值的异常,用中国山西2001年5月的干旱和中国长江中游1998年8月水涝作了个例证明.这一理论方法可同样推广到有较低频率(如10.7GHz)的2002年5月发射的AMSR-E或中国风云系列卫星微波成像辐射计的通道,而获得土壤湿度分布更好的PI指数评估.在已知区域平均PI值与平均土壤湿度的条件下,可以定量反演该区域的土壤湿度,并用TRMMTMI实验数据进行了验证.     

综合孔径微波辐射计顺轨方向亮温反演算法的研究

本文利用卷积理论对综合孔径微波辐射计在顺轨方向的孔径综合进行了理论分析,给出了在一定条件下的基线设计,并且分别利用矩量法和基于Backus-Gilbert理论的线性算法两种数值方法进行了顺轨方向地物亮温的反演.数值模拟结果表明,在顺轨方向有效稀疏天线阵设计的基础上,亮温反演达到了很高的精度.     

微波辐射计反演大气折射率剖面技术研究

温度变化引起的干空气和水汽对23.8GHz和31.65GHz双通道微波辐射计的观测亮温变化的贡献表明,干空气对观测亮温的变化可以忽略。在此基础上,提出了将折射率的干项和湿项分别反演的方法,并且将径向基神经网络(RBF网络)方法应用于折射率剖面反演中。基于青岛历史探空数据和实验数据,对线性回归、非线性回归和Hopfield模型反演折射率干项剖面的精度进行了比较,并对利用线性回归、非线性回归、BP网络和RBF网络方法反演折射率湿项剖面的精度进行分析,结果表明:反演折射率干项和湿项剖面分别采用线性回归方法和RBF网络方法可提高反演精度。     

微波辐射计探测大气剖面的相关向量机算法

提出了利用地基双通道水汽微波辐射计探测大气水汽、温度和折射率剖面的相关向量机反演算法,基于青岛地区的历史探空数据和仿真得到的双通道水汽微波辐射计亮温训练了相关向量机网络.青岛地区的实验和仿真比较表明:相关向量机反演得到的剖面与实际大气剖面有较好的一致性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.