B4C(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合材料的制备及其性能

采用热压烧结工艺制备了B4C/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合材料.研究表明:B4C/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料烧结时将产生化学反应,反应产物为TiB2和W2B5.B4C/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料的性能与(W,Ti)C的含量密切相关,随(W,Ti)C含量的增加,材料的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性逐渐增加,硬度逐渐减小;当保温时间低于50min时,材料的致密度、抗弯强度和硬度显著降低;B4C/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合材料的最佳性能参数为:抗弯强度693MPa,维氏硬度23.5GPa,断裂韧性3.9MPa·m1/2.磨损实验表明,B4C/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料在低速小载荷的实验条件下,耐磨性能优异,在高速大载荷的实验条件下,磨损过程中局部点的高温导致试样表面发生氧化,加剧了材料的磨损.     

放电等离子制备Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料及性能

采用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)工艺制备了Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料,并研究了复合材料的性能.研究表明:在1 250℃,30MPa烧结8min,可以获得相对密度达98%以上的致密Ti3AlC2/TiB2块体材料;在Ti3AlC2中添加TiB2能大幅度提高材料性能,当TiB2含量为30%(体积分数,下同)时,Ti3AlC2/30%TiB2复合材料的Vickers硬度达到10.39GPa,电导率为3.7×106 S/m;当TiB2含量为10%时,抗弯强度为696MPa,断裂韧性为6.6MPa·m1/2.用电子显微镜对复合材料的显微结构分析表明:Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料的晶粒为层状结构.     

SiC/(W,Ti)C陶瓷喷嘴材料的制备及其性能

本文以SiC为基体,添加(W,Ti)C固溶体增韧相,采用热压烧结工艺制备出新型Sic/(w,Ti)C陶瓷复合材料.研究表明:SiC/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料的性能与(W,Ti)C的含量、成烧温度、保温时间等密切相关.随(W,Ti)C含量的增加,材料的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性增加,硬度减小;SiC/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合材料的最佳性能参数为:抗弯强度631 MPa,维氏硬度25.944 GPa,断裂韧性4.38 MPa·m1/2.通过分析材料的显微结构和断口SEM照片,发现SiC/(W,Ti)C陶瓷材料的断裂机制为沿晶和穿晶断裂特征同时并存,即断裂方式为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂相结合的混合断裂.     

掺碳SiC颗粒对MOSi2复合材料性能的影响

研究分析了掺碳SiCp/MoSi2复合材料的相组成、室温和高温力学性能、高温抗氧化性能、耐磨性能以及电阻率.结果表明(SiCp+C)/MoSi2复合材料主要由MoSi2,α-SiCp,Mo5Si3和β-SiC组成.材料的密度和相对密度分别为5.12g/cm3和91%;Vickers硬度,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为12.2GPa,530MPa和72MPa.m1/2;800℃的Vickers硬度为8.0GPa,1200℃和1400℃的抗压强度分别为560MPa和160MPa.材料的抗氧化性能优良.在Al2O3和SiC磨盘上表现出优异的耐磨性能.电阻率为40.2μΩ.     

(Ti,V)_3AlC_2/Al_2O_3复合材料的制备及力学性能

为了提高Ti_3Al C_2陶瓷的力学性能,本研究以Ti C粉、Ti粉、Al粉和V2O5粉为起始反应原料,采用原位热压技术在1350°C下反应烧结合成出了(Ti,V)_3AlC_2/Al_2O_3复合材料。利用X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微技术对合成产物的物相和微观结构进行了表征,并分析了复合材料的合成机制。最后,对(Ti,V)_3AlC_2/Al_2O_3复合材料的力学性能进行了研究。测试结果表明:(Ti_(0.92),V_(0.08))_3Al C_2/10wt%Al_2O_3复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其硬度、断裂韧性及抗弯强度分别为5.56 GPa、12.93 MPa·m~(1/2)和435 MPa,相比于单相Ti_3Al C_2材料分别提升了60%、108%和31%。     

镀铜石墨粉含量对Cu/C复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用镀铜石墨粉、电解铜粉和鳞片石墨粉为原料,通过粉末冶金方法制备出Cu/C复合材料,并研究镀铜石墨粉含量对其电阻率、密度、抗弯强度等物理性能的影响;在MM-2000型环-块摩擦磨损试验机上考察其摩擦磨损性能,通过分析磨损的表面形貌以及磨屑,研究不同镀铜石墨粉含量对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随着镀铜石墨粉含量的增加,复合材料的电阻率、抗弯强度、硬度逐渐降低,而密度逐渐升高,同时复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低,当镀铜石墨粉含量在20%时,样品的磨损率最低,当镀铜石墨粉含量超过20%,样品的磨损率升高。该复合材料的摩擦磨损机制主要为粘着磨损、氧化磨损、疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损。     

放电等离子烧结Cu/Ti3AlC2的电性能及力学性能

以Ti3AlC2和Cu粉作为原料,使用放电等离子烧结制备Cu/Ti3AlC2复合材料,研究了不同烧结温度对复合材料的影响。结果表明,在750~800℃之间,Cu与Ti3AlC2之间会发生反应生成TiC相。同时随着温度在650~850℃不断增加,密度和抗弯强度不断增加在850℃达到最大值分别为8.33 g·cm^-3和531.4 MPa,而电阻率先减小在750℃达到最小值1.98×10^-7Ω·m后增加在850℃达到最大值6.47×10^-7Ω·m。Cu/Ti3AlC2复合材料性能随着温度的变化与其致密度和反应生成TiC有着密切的联系。     

聚氯乙烯/植物纤维木塑复合材料的性能研究

以植物纤维、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为原材料制备植物纤维/PVC木塑复合材料,研究了植物纤维种类与含量及偶联剂含量对复合材料洛氏硬度、冲击强度、弯曲强度以及拉伸强度等力学性能的影响。结果表明,20%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的硬度最大,40%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料硬度最小,复合材料的硬度几乎不随花生壳粉含量的变化而变化,20%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度都最大。植物纤维/PVC木塑复合材料的吸水性能随着稻壳粉和花生壳粉等植物纤维含量的增加而增强,50%含量稻壳粉/PVC木塑复合材料的吸水率最大。添加偶联剂的稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的力学性能有所提高,吸水性降低,在一定程度上提高材料的耐磨性能,降低损耗。     

聚氯乙烯/植物纤维木塑复合材料的性能研究

以植物纤维、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为原材料制备植物纤维/PVC木塑复合材料,研究了植物纤维种类与含量及偶联剂含量对复合材料洛氏硬度、冲击强度、弯曲强度以及拉伸强度等力学性能的影响。结果表明,20%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的硬度最大,40%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料硬度最小,复合材料的硬度几乎不随花生壳粉含量的变化而变化,20%含量稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度都最大。植物纤维/PVC木塑复合材料的吸水性能随着稻壳粉和花生壳粉等植物纤维含量的增加而增强,50%含量稻壳粉/PVC木塑复合材料的吸水率最大。添加偶联剂的稻壳粉填充PVC木塑复合材料的力学性能有所提高,吸水性降低,在一定程度上提高材料的耐磨性能,降低损耗。     

热压烧结石墨烯/B4C复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺,在2150℃及30 MPa压制压力条件下,保温30 min制备了石墨烯/B4 C陶瓷基复合材料.采用拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和显微结构,通过测量陶瓷的相对密度、硬度和弯曲强度,研究了氧化石墨烯添加量对B4C烧结行为和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:复合材料的相对密度随着石墨烯含量的增加先增加而后降低.当氧化石墨烯含量为3.0wt％时,复合材料的力学性能达到最大值,其抗弯强度为547 MPa,断裂韧性为4.50 MPa·m1/2,裂纹偏转以及石墨烯拔出是材料力学性能提升的原因;与此同时,该复合材料的电导率达到1.0 S/m以上,达到了电加工所需的电导率水平.     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。