多发性肌炎的超微结构观察

应用电子显微镜对３５例多发性肌炎肌活检标本进行观察，见纤维有不同程度变性，坏死及再生。间质有炎细胞浸润，毛细血管基底膜增厚或形成复层，内皮细胞肿胀，部分内皮细胞及淋巴细胞胞质内发现管网状包含体。文中对本病的病因及发病机理进行了讨论。     

多发性肌炎的超微结构观察

多发性肌炎属自身免疫性疾病,主要临床表现为受累骨骼肌疼痛、无力。有关本病的临床及病理组织学已有广泛研究,但超微结构观察资料不多。我们在1988～1992年遇到7例,其中男性3例,女性4例,年龄7～55岁,平均28岁,病程2个月至4年,平均1年。入院时均有肢体肌肉无力、肌肉疼痛或触压痛,4例有肌肉萎缩,肌电图检查示肌源性损害。     

强直性肌营养不良的超微结构研究

进行性肌营养不良是进行性疾病。它可以分为几种类型,其中,强直性肌营养不良是较常见的一种,其临床表现为进行性肌强直、肌萎缩和肌无力,严重者出现肢体瘫痪。目前,该病的发病机理尚不明了。关于进行性肌营养不良的超微结构研究国内已有报道,但是强直性肌营养不良超做结构的报道很少。本文对两例典型的强直性叽营养不良患者的腓肠肌进行了超微结构的观察和研究。经神经内科临床诊断为强直性肌营养不良患者两例,一例男性,38岁,另一例女性,28岁。于患者右侧腓肠     

脾气虚证大白鼠膈肌的超微结构研究

利用现代科学技术不断获得新的微观观测结果,将能对我们前人干百年来积累的生活和医疗实践所概括的中医理论,赋予更丰富的不同层次细节的内容。关于中医脾主肌肉论述的超微结构基础,已进行了骨骼肌和心肌以及平滑肌的超微结构观察和定量计测研究。中医《内经》有“隔有上下,知气之所在。”的论述。本研究是观察按中医理论复制的大白鼠脾气虚证模型膈肌的超微结构变化,并与正常组、加味四君子汤复健组和自然恢复组进行比较。     

线粒体肌病的超微结构观察

线粒体肌病为一少见疾病。本文报告７例,其临床表现可分为两种类型;以四肢骨骼受受侵为主６例;以眼外肌受侵为主１例。７例均进行肌细胞活检,电镜观察显示肌膜下和肌原纤维内线粒体数量明显增多,形态也有改变,线粒体嵴异常,基质内含有晶格状或类晶格状包含体;肌纤维内糖原颗粒及脂滴增加。本文还结合文献对线粒体肌病的诊断标准及病因和发病机制进行了探讨。     

早期宫颈癌的超微结构

本文采用超薄切片法,对11例宫颈原位癌及早期浸润癌进行了透射电镜观察,并对5例晚期宫颈癌进行了对照分析。早期宫颈癌的超微结构形态复杂,表现为多形性变化;而晚期浸润癌的超微结构变化较为单纯。此外,还对宫颈癌的发病学问题进行了初步探讨,认为利用透射电镜研究癌细胞超微结构的变化规律,对探索癌瘤的病因发病学具有一定意义。     

小鼠心房肌分泌心钠素的免疫电镜观察

心钠素(ANF)主要存在于心房肌细胞的特殊颗粒(SG)内。本实验采用给小鼠钠负荷,以促进ANF分泌及禁水使ANF分泌减少的方法,采用放射免疫分析法测定血浆ANF浓度,应用免疫电镜技术观察心房肌细胞的超微结构及ANF颗粒的形态改变,探索心房肌细胞ANF分泌的形态学依据。结果显示钠负荷组小鼠血浆ANF浓度(3.91±1.02)显著高于禁水组(2.73±1.20),P<0.05。免疫电镜观察结果表明,禁水5天后,心房肌内具ANF免疫活性的SG主要集中于核两端肌浆带内,高尔基     

肌兴奋收缩偶联时肌浆网的超微结构研究

骨骼肌兴奋-收缩偶联由于其明显的理论和临床意义、更由于其对运动医学及军事医学的进展有重要影响而一直受到关注，但骨骼肌兴奋收缩偶联时肌浆网膜上Ca^2＋释放通道如何使肌浆网内的Ca^2＋释放一直是困扰学术界的难题。由于骨骼肌兴奋收缩偶联发生的时间历程极短（以毫秒计），更由于肌浆网膜上Ca^2＋释放通道蛋白极易被化学固定所破坏，常规化学固定（固定时间以分钟计）无法保留其瞬间经历时的超微结构形态变化，因而很难对其进行形态上的观察及证明。我们采用低温冷冻技术、计算机控制的毫秒级实时处理技术对潜伏期内骨骼肌结构变化进行固定，采用透射电镜观察骨骼肌肌浆网、T-管在收缩潜伏期内超微结构的时相-结构变化。     

毛细胞白血病的超微结构观察

毛细胞白血病 ( HCL)是一种少见类型的白血病 ,发病率约占白血病的 2 % ,而儿童患者更少 ,临床统计发病年龄平均为 5 0岁。自 1 95 8年 Bouroncle等 [1]首先用透射电镜观察该病的血细胞后 ,电镜观察已成为研究和诊断该病的重要手段。毛细胞在透射电镜下以胞浆呈现许多不规则突起为其特征。我们在观察一例儿童毛细胞白血病时 ,发现红细胞系细胞表面也不规则 ,有许多球拍状突起 ,现报道如下。材料与方法　患儿 ,男 ,1 2岁 ,临床骨髓片毛细胞占 91 % ,诊断为毛细胞白血病。取肝素抗凝的骨髓血细胞分层后 ,常规透射电镜制样 ,日立 H- 6 0 0型…     

小鼠心房肌分泌心钠素的免疫电镜观察

近来发现,心脏不仅是血液循环的动力器官,而且还具有内分泌功能。例如,有强大利钠、利尿作用的心钠素(ANF)就主要存在于心房肌细胞的特殊颗粒(SG)内。其分泌过程是否与其他内分泌细胞一样,尚不清楚。本实验采用给小鼠钠负荷,以促进ANF分泌;禁水使ANF分泌减少的方法,用免疫电镜技术观察,探讨心房肌细胞分泌ANF的形态学依据。材料和方法:一、动物分组:实验用昆明种小鼠20只,体重29.1±2.6g,随机分为禁水,钠负荷     

酒精对心肌细胞超微结构及细胞色素C 氧化酶活性的影响

目的：通过给小鼠腹腔内注射不同浓度酒精,建立大量饮酒的动物模型,探讨酒精对心脏毒性作用的机理。方法：应用电镜技术观察心肌细胞的超微结构变化,以及酶细胞化学染色方法观察细胞色素C氧化酶(cytochrom C oxidase,Cox)活性的变化。结果：透射电镜下,实验各组心肌细胞肌原纤维排列紊乱,出现空泡,肌丝溶解,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂甚至消失,细胞核形状不规则,部分染色质浓缩,边集于核膜下,呈斑块状;定位于线粒体内膜和嵴上的Cox活性减弱,电子密度降低。结论：酒精可以使心肌细胞超微结构发生异常改变,并且使线粒体上Cox活性减弱,从而导致心肌细胞结构和功能的改变。     

细胞增殖状态对激光诱导血管平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨细胞的增殖状态及细胞周期分布对体外培养的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）凋亡的激光诱导率的影响。方法：组织贴块法体外培养VSMC,饥饿法同步法,VSMC在不同的刺激因子作用之后,亚甲基噻唑蓝比色（MTT）法检测细胞增殖状况,流式细胞仪（FCM）检测细胞的周期发布,510．6nm的铜蒸汽激光照射后,TUNEL染色法记数细胞凋亡率。结果：生长活跃,处于增殖期的细胞,在激光的诱导下易发生凋亡;相反,增殖相对不活跃、处于静止期的细胞,凋亡诱导率较低。结论：经不同生长因子刺激后VSMC的增殖状态及细胞的周期分布不同,对激光的凋亡诱导率产生影响。     

Regeneration of muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the aged rat

Regeneration of muscle fibers was observed in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of aged (24 and 27 months) Wistar rats. The aged muscles consisted almost exclusively of medium-sized muscle fibers. In addition to degenerating and/or atrophied muscle fibers, very small muscle fibers <10 mum in diameter were observed in some muscle bundles which sporadically distributed in the muscle. In the degenerating muscle fibers, satellite cells mostly appeared to be normal, possibly surviving within the scaffold of basal lamina to form new (regenerating) muscle fibers. However, some of the satellite cells were degenerated and destroyed, suggesting the decrease in number of muscle fibers. On the other hand, very small muscle fibers existed between small and/or medium-sized muscle fibers or in the wide interstitial spaces between them solitarily or in small groups. In addition, immature muscle cells having a centrally located nucleus and sporadically distributed myofilaments were observed among the small and/or medium-sized muscle fibers and partially lacked a layer of basal lamina. These immature muscle cells were often closely apposed to fibroblasts with some slender cytoplasmic processes and/or to each other without an interposing basal lamina. These findings suggest that in addition to satellite cells within the basal lamina tubes, some of the regenerating muscle fibers in the aged EDL muscle may be originated from mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts in the interstitial spaces.     

Effect of lofenal on rat embryogenesis

The embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of lofenal was studied at different stages of embryogenesis of albino rats. Postimplantation death of embryos and foetus anomalies are stated to depend on both the dose of the administered preparation and on the period of embryogenesis.     

Spectral analysis of arterial blood pressure in the rat during atrial fibrillation

This paper describes the development of a systems identification protocol in the rat for use in studies of the dynamics of blood pressure control The method is based on Taylor's canine random heart model and employs electrically induced atrial fibrillation to generate random fluctuations in arterial blood pressure. In order to evaluate the utility of the protocol, recordings of pulsatile blood pressure were obtained from the femoral arteries of anesthetized rats during atrial fibrillation. The data were reduced to spectral density function estimates using standard techniques of discrete spectral analysis. The results indicate that during atrial fibrillation, the time course of arterial blood pressure constitutes a white noise source in the frequency band from 0.01 to 10 Hz, in sharp contrast to the concentration of energy from the normal cardiac cycle into narrow frequency bands within this range. Thus, the protocol should be useful in the analysis of the dynamics of most physiological processes which respond to changes in blood pressure.     

黄芪甲苷对镉致大鼠支持细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨镉对原代培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞的毒性机制及黄芪甲苷的保护效果。方法：空白对照组、0.5%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）组、镉（50μmol/L）组、镉（50μmol/L）加黄芪甲苷（分别为5、10、20mg/L）组的培养支持细胞用于四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）细胞活性实验,DMSO组比较用于验证0.5%DMS0溶剂是否对细...     

Fine structural study of the regeneration of muscle fibers in the rat soleus muscle during aging

We examined the regeneration of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of mature (12 months) and aged (24 and 27 months) rats by using electron microscopy. In both mature and aged muscles, regenerating muscle fibers were mainly formed within the scaffolds of basal laminae after necrosis. In the aged muscle, however, satellite cells within the scaffolds were occasionally destroyed, and immature muscle cells occurred in and around muscle bundles. These findings suggest that new muscle fibers formed in the interstitial spaces may contribute to the total number of regenerated muscle fibers. The origin of the immature muscle cells is briefly discussed.     

Effect of phenozan on nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis in rat kidneys

Fenosan has been studied for its effect on the lipid peroxidation level of mitochondria and microsomes of the rat kidneys in different periods of nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis as well as on the incidence of kidney tumour formation. A month after the treatment with the above carcinogen the lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney was activated. An additional injection of fenosan decreased the intensity of the lipid peroxidation and inhibited the tumour development in kidneys. It is supposed that anticarcinogenic action of fenosan is related to the membrane protection from the lesion by the carcinogen.     

空间热辐射对激光输能光电池特性影响研究

从激光辐照功率密度、光电池温度和光电转换效率的相互关系出发,基于热辐射平衡原理,建立了空间热辐射环境下光电池热辐射稳态平衡模型,根据该模型可以分析激光辐照功率密度、光电转换效率和光电池温度的相互影响。对已有的光电转换效率模型做温度上的修正,得到温度修正后的转换效率模型,将上述两个模型结合,即得到空间热辐射环境下激光辐照功率密度、光电池温度和转换效率的关系。通过MATLAB软件对模型进行仿真,仿真结果表明,随着激光辐照功率密度增加,光电池温度不断上升,光电转换效率和输出功率密度先上升后下降,但最大光电转换效率对应的激光辐照功率密度远小于最大输出功率密度对应的激光辐照功率密度,且日照区光电池温度高于地影区,日照区转换效率低于地影区。     

Remodelling of capillary networks around muscle fibres in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the normal aged rat

Structural changes of capillaries around muscle fibres following their degeneration and regeneration were further examined in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the 24-month-old normal rat. Bundles of muscle fibres were divided into three types: muscle bundles consisting of large muscle fibres exclusively more than 35 microm in diameter (type 1), various-sized muscle fibres ranging from 10 to 60 microm in diameter (type 2) and only small muscle fibres 20-40 microm in diameter (type 3). The mean number of capillaries around a muscle fibre was extremely high in the type 3 muscle bundle (4.83) and much lower in the type 2 muscle bundle (2.72) compared with that in the type 1 muscle bundle (3.48). Capillaries in the type 1 muscle bundle were round or oval in shape and were of the continuous type. In the type 2 muscle bundle, capillaries around large degenerating muscle fibres showed an irregularly compressed shape and the scaffolds of basal laminae were often found around them, being a result of the destruction of capillaries. On the other hand, small-sized capillaries less than 5 microm in diameter, being possibly regenerating capillaries, were found around small (probably regenerating) muscle fibres and often had a small number (less than 10) of fenestrae. Capillaries in the type 3 muscle bundle, similar in shape and size to those in the type 1, frequently branched or joined, but some of them were partially destroyed. These findings suggest that capillaries degenerate and regenerate to remodel capillary networks around the muscle fibres following their degeneration and regeneration, and that to effectively supply oxygen and nutrients to regenerating muscle fibres, capillaries temporarily form fenestrae and then the capillary networks become dense by sprouts from the existing capillaries, but excess capillaries may be gradually destroyed following maturation of the muscle fibres.