液压随钻扩眼器的研制与典型应用

随钻扩眼工具是解决蠕变地层井眼缩径问题和水泥环厚度低引起固井质量问题的利器。文中介绍了一种在井下复杂环境中能够可靠动作并能够强行收回刀翼的扩眼器产品。该扩眼器一种规格可产生多种扩径范围,井眼扩大率最大为20%左右。随钻扩眼、水平井钻后扩眼等多井次的成功应用表明,该系列扩眼器产品可靠、性能稳健,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

石油钻井用机械式PDC随钻扩眼工具的研制

研制了一种用于石油钻井工程的新型机械式PDC随钻扩眼工具,工具采用PDC扩眼刀翼、8方杆传递扭矩、浮动机械剪切锁销、锥体带动扩眼刀翼伸缩的结构方案。原理是加压剪断锁销,8方杆推动锥体下行,扩眼刀翼沿锥体表面的燕尾槽滑动伸出,进行扩眼作业,扩眼作业结束后上提钻具,锥体上行,带动扩眼刀翼缩回。现场试验结果表明,所研制的随钻扩眼工具原理正确、结构可靠,为提高完井质量、解决井下复杂情况等提供了一个新的技术手段。     

Ⅱ型钻柱式偏心微扩眼工具设计及参数优化

钻井过程中由于缩颈、微狗腿、微台阶等造成的井眼小于钻头直径易造成起下钻困难、井眼漏失、井塌、井涌甚或井喷、划眼、憋泵等事故。在现有Ⅰ型钻柱式偏心微扩眼器的研究基础上,借鉴双心钻头设计理论开展Ⅱ型钻柱式偏心微扩眼工具设计研究。同时借助流体动力学软件对工具外形结构,刀翼长度和布齿方案进行优化分析,最终形成Ⅱ型钻柱式偏心微扩眼工具设计方案。     

随钻扩眼工具的研究与优化策略研究

随钻扩眼工具在常规直井和小尺寸井和大斜度井中都具有较好的使用效果，其优势作用是：可钻比套管通常所允许的更大直径的井眼，可完成从直井到水平井的各种井身结构的随钻扩眼，可获得套管与井壁间的最大间隙，改善固井质量，扩大生产井段的直径，有效保证了油气质量，减少在大斜度井眼、膨胀性地层、蠕动性地层以及枯竭性砂岩中卡钻的风险等。本文首先介绍了随钻扩眼工具，其次论述了随钻扩眼工具结构设计的优化。     

北京石油机械厂

当进行复杂井钻井设计或预知某井段可能发生卡钻时,最好的办法就是预先在钻具组合中使用随钻震击器。北京石油机械厂生产的QJ203K型弹簧预紧的卡瓦式震击器,属于随钻震击器的一种,它是预防和处理卡钻的重要工具,适合于各种情况下的随钻作业。该型震击器是一种上下击为一体的全机械式震击器,由于采用弹簧预紧的锁紧卡瓦式锁紧机构,其释放力的调节是通过组装时适当增减调整垫片来实现的,钻井现场不需要调节,因而整体结构十分简单,提高了该型震击器在井下工作的可靠性。     

随钻扩眼工具的研究与优化

随钻扩眼技术在处理井下复杂情况、降低钻井综合成本、提高固井质量等方面具有显著的优势,随钻扩眼工具正逐渐成为一种重要的石油钻井配套工具.基于随钻扩眼技术优势的分析,本文介绍了双心扩眼钻头和偏心式、同心式随钻扩眼工具的结构原理、性能特点和应用情况,同时也对近年来国外新型井下扩眼工具的一些先进技术进行了分析.文章提出应加强现有工具的适应性和匹配性研究,发掘各类工具的优势.优化执行机构、扩眼总成和水力机构,重视底部钻具组合力学特性的分析是今后发展和完善随钻扩眼工具及技术的几个重要内容.     

Ⅱ型钻柱式偏心微扩眼工具强度校核及现场应用研究

采用有限元方法开展Ⅱ型钻柱式随钻微扩眼工具强度校核研究,采用有限软件分别对工具本体和刀翼进行强度校核,分析结果表明,所设计Ⅱ型钻柱式随钻微扩眼工具最大许用拉力6 525.4kN,最大许用扭矩27kN·m.最终制造工具样机并开展现场应用研究,所设计的Ⅱ型钻柱式随钻微扩眼工具有效地提高了应用井起下钻的通畅程度和电测、下套管作业一次成功率,节约钻井时间约200天,为我国石油行业随钻扩眼技术提供了有效的设备支持。     

硬地层单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头破岩特性

提出了新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头,先依靠单牙轮破岩钻孔,释放地应力,产生岩石损伤,再助推PDC钻头刮切破岩。运用有限元法,建立钻扩联合钻头、双级PDC和常规PDC钻头破岩的非线性动力学模型。通过对岩石本构关系进行D-P准则描述以及确定岩石破碎的判据,分析钻扩联合钻头钻进硬地层的破岩机理,开展了3种钻头动态破岩过程的对比研究。结果表明：钻扩联合钻头在钻进过程中井底井壁的岩石应力得到明显释放,大大提高了岩层可钻性;在硬地层中钻扩联合钻头钻进速度提高的主要原因是拉应力破岩;钻扩联合钻头在硬地层钻进过程中的扭转振动大大降低,破岩效率更高,钻头寿命更长;由于单牙轮领眼破碎岩石的作用,钻扩联合钻头对井底岩石的冲击破碎能力更强,在硬地层中钻进更快。研究结果为新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头的研发提供了参考。     

海上油田小井眼注聚井分层测调技术研究及应用

针对海上油田小井眼注聚井分层测调困难、配注效率低、粘度损失高的问题,开发了小井眼分层测调注聚技术,设计研发小尺寸分层保粘注聚工具、配套井下测调仪器和地面控制设备.小尺寸分层保粘注聚工具设计大通径中心过流通道、桥式注入通道和高保粘注入通道,实现小井眼注聚井的大排量、多层段、高保粘分层注聚.井下测调仪器和地面控制器可地面监...     

小井眼侧钻冲击器力学性能分析

通过分析小井眼侧钻工况下冲击器运动过程,建立了冲击器动力学模型。并介绍了一种小井眼侧钻用控流式液动射流冲击器,然后以该冲击器各参数为基础运用所建立的力学模型编制了仿真程序。通过仿真分析得到以下结果:获得在不同泵量与活塞直径下冲击器的冲击功、冲击末速度和频率的变化规律,得到该冲击器的冲击功范围是(187～332)J,当活塞直径为35.6mm时冲击功最大。研究结果为小井眼侧钻井用液动射流冲击器的设计提供了指导。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.