Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of a ductile iron

Cooling rate and inoculation practice can greatly affect the graphite morphology of ductile irons.In the present research,the effects of the cooling rate and antimony addition on the graphite morpholog...     

二次孕育对大断面球铁组织及性能的影响

介绍了4种不同类型的二次孕育剂对模拟尺寸为φ590 mm×800 mm的大断面球墨铸铁的组织及性能的影响。结果表明,二次孕育工艺对球铁尤其是大断面球铁的石墨及力学性能均有良好的改善作用;利用Si-Ba-Ca孕育剂进行孕育处理后再添加0.15%的该孕育剂作为二次孕育处理,可改善铸件组织及提高铸件力学性能;S-O孕育剂和Si-Ba-Ca孕育剂的效果相对较好,模拟铸件中碎块状石墨区域明显减少、石墨球形态圆整、球化率较高,还可以有效避免孕育衰退,使铸件获得较好的微观组织和最佳的综合力学性能。     

压缩机曲轴铸件水冷金属型铸造工艺

介绍空调压缩机球墨铸铁曲轴水冷金属型铸造工艺,提出了水冷金属型铸造工艺参数的控制范围,认为金属型生产过程中严格控制铁液质量和浇注工艺参数是减少铸造缺陷的有效措施。通过对化学成分、球化处理、随流孕育、铸型涂料、铸件热处理等方法进行了综合技术工艺设计与控制,在消除白口组织、获得珠光体球墨铸铁曲轴方面取得     

铸态QT850-3球墨铸铁曲轴的生产

介绍铸态QT850-3曲轴的生产工艺.采用低磷、硫炉料,感应炉熔炼,加入（质量分数）0.3%铜和0.02%锑进行合金化,并采用随流孕育强化孕育效果.为提高铸件致密度和尺寸精度,采用覆砂铁型铸造工艺.从曲轴不同部位取样测试性能结果,抗拉强度和伸长率分别都超过850 MPa和3%.曲轴样品已通过运转试验,情况良好.     

影响薄壁球墨铸铁白口倾向和球墨数量的因素分析

研究了不同的冷却速度、稀土加入量、碳量、硅量、Si／C、Mn／S及孕育处理等工艺时薄壁球墨铸铁球墨数量和白口深度的影响。结果表明，随着冷却速率增加，薄壁球墨铸铁石墨小球越多，但容易产生白口。冷速较大时，加入稀土元素进行孕育和控制碳当量，可以有效的消除薄壁球墨铸铁的白口现象，当Si／C大于0．80、Mn／S大于20时薄壁件白口倾向较小。     

Some problems in the production of ductile irons by investment casting

Because of the excellent performance of ductile irons and the unique superiority of investment casting, the preparation of complicated and thin-wall ductile iron castings by investment casting shows a good development prospect. In this present work, combined with the actual product experiments, the characteristics of shell making, spheroidization, inoculation and defect prevention are presented, and some suggestions are given for investment casting of ductile iron.     

耐低温冲击风电球铁铸件生产工艺要点

简述了风电类耐低温冲击球铁件的发展趋势。以生产QT350-22AL轴承座为例,介绍耐低温冲击球铁件的工艺要点,包括:(1)生产中必须选择高纯生铁,原材料中Si、Mn、S、P含量越少越好;(2)球化剂选用REMgSiFe合金,孕育剂必须具有较强的抗衰退能力,并进行2次孕育;(3)采取适当的措施降低铸件冷却速度,加强球化率在线检测;(4)通过热处理保证基体为全铁素体,以满足低温冲击韧性的要求。     

大断面重型球墨铸铁件电弧炉熔炼的生产实践

介绍了采用电弧炉生产大断面球墨铸铁件的铸造工艺及生产过程,通过铸造过程数值模拟软件预测分析了凝固时间和铸造缺陷,确定了冷铁尺寸及布置。结果表明,采用高纯生铁、废钢等优质纯净的原材料、严格控制铁液温度和化学成分、合理的球化处理和强化孕育等技术措施,获得组织和性能符合要求的大断面球墨铸铁铸件。     

硅锰钼耐热球铁的研制

根据钛合金成形模具的技术要求,研制了一种高温力学性能较好的中硅锰钼球铁模具材料。通过选择合适的化学成分,适当提高锰的含量,并采用合理的孕育和热处理工艺,所获得的中硅锰钼球铁高温硬度比中硅钼球铁提高33%。采用酯硬化水玻璃砂消失模铸造工艺制造的钛合金成形模具,能满足600～800℃下成形的技术要求。     

Effect of Bi on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron

To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth （Bi） was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the casting from the edge to the center, with different solidification cooling rates, were chosen for microstructure observation and mechanical properties test. The effect of the Bi content on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness at different positions in the five castings decrease with a decrease in cooling rate. With an increase in Bi content, the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties at the same position are improved, and the improvement of mechanical properties is obvious when the Bi content is no higher than 0.011wt.%. But when the Bi content is further increased to 0.014wt.%, the improvement of mechanical properties is not obvious due to the increase of chunky graphite number and the aggregation of chunky graphite. With an increase in Bi content, the tensile fracture mechanism is changed from brittle to mixture ductile-brittle fracture.     

大断面球墨铸铁的熔炼质量控制

根据大断面球墨铸铁件的特点，针对其熔炼生产中出现石墨漂浮、碎块状石墨、球化衰退等一系列问题，提出了改善和消除大断面球墨铸铁缺陷的有效和常用解决办法。分析认为：通过原材料选择、化学成分确定、球化孕育处理工艺等熔炼过程的质量控制，可以稳定生产出高品质的大型及特大型球墨铸铁件。     

用铁素体球铁铸造燃汽轮机缸体类铸件

针对燃汽轮机用厚大断面、铸态高韧性，进行X射线检测的铁素体球铁缸体类铸件的特点，应用凝固模拟技术，采用钇基重稀土镁硅铁合金、复合孕育剂和瞬时包外孕育等措施，获得优质铸件。     

Influence of inoculation on cast iron machinability:Case studies

Machinability can sometimes be difficult to predict and be impacted by different characteristics of the castings.Inoculation,a key step in foundry process,is well-known to be a powerful tool to adjust the characteristics of castings in both grey and ductile irons.Some metallurgical cases were investigated to understand different machinability behaviors in correlation to their metallographic characteristics.Thus,two examples taken from grey iron processes are analyzed to illustrate how inoculation is required to adjust characteristics of iron castings,especially the modification of graphite characteristics and the prevention of micro-shrinkage,both parameters are well-known to have an impact on iron machinability.The study also illustrates the importance of the ratio Mn/S to guarantee the presence of manganese sulfides in the matrix,beneficial for iron machinability.     

我国内燃机球墨铸铁零件的材料工艺概况

从铁水熔炼、球化处理、孕育处理、铸型成份、热处理及成品检查等方面,介绍了我国内燃机球铁零件的工艺和材质概况,并作了简要的评述。     

Thermal analysis control of in-mould and ladle inoculated grey cast irons

The effect of addition of 0.05wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Ca, Zr, Al-FeSi alloy on in-ladle and in-mould inoculation of grey cast irons was investigated. In the present paper, the conclusions drawn are based on thermal analysis. For the solidification pattern, some specific cooling curves characteristics, such as the degree of undercooling at the beginning of eutectic solidification and at the end of solidification, as well as the recalescence level, are identified to be more influenced by the inoculation technique. The degree of eutectic undercooling of the electrically melted base iron having 0.025% S, 0.003% AI and 3.5% Ce is excessively high (39 - 40℃), generating a relatively high need for inoculation. Under these conditions, the in-mould inoculation has a more significant effect compared to ladle inoculation, especially at lower inoculant usage (less than 0.20 wt.%). Generally, the efficiency of 0.05wt.% - 0.15wt.% of alloy for in-mould inoculation is comparable to, or better than, that of 0.15wt.% - 0.25wt.% addition in ladle inoculation procedures. In order to secure stable and controlled processes, representative thermal analysis parameters could be used, especially in thin wall grey iron castings production.     

垂直连铸球铁等温淬火后的组织与力学性能

采用垂直上引连续铸造技术对QT500-7进行铸铁管成型,对该铸件采用不同温度与时间的等温淬火,并进行微观组织与力学性能分析测试。结果表明,用该技术生产的铸件与普通砂型铸造的铸件相比较,不仅球化率高而且球化均匀,经过不同等温淬火后其抗拉强度和冲击韧度值明显升高,非常适合制作汽车发动机缸套和活塞环以及其他的铸铁空心零件。     

基于田口方法的Al-Cu合金挤压铸造工艺参数优化

在4因素3水平正交试验法确定的试验条件下,采用挤压铸造法制备了9组Al-Cu合金试样,并采用田口方法对试样的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率进行信噪比分析和方差分析。结果表明,压力是影响信噪比的最大因素,其对抗拉强度、硬度及伸长率信噪比的贡献率分别达到47.71%、47.90%、41.76%,浇注温度和模具温度是较为重要的因素,保压时间对信噪比影响较小;优化后的挤压铸造工艺参数:浇注温度为730℃,模具温度为200℃,压力为75MPa,保压时间为45s。     

数值模拟在消除球墨铸铁轮毂缩孔中的应用

采用华铸CAE软件对球墨铸铁轮毂的凝固过程进行了模拟。通过模拟优化了铸造工艺，成功地消除了轮毂铸造过程中产生的缩孔、缩松缺陷。模拟结果与实际生产情况符合较好。结果表明：计算机模拟能为工艺方案的评价和改进提供有效的参考依据。     

铬铸态球铁的研究——铬铸态球铁的组织与性能(上篇)

总结了铬铸态球铁生产的基本规律、各常规性能与组织的关系、性能之间的关系、疲劳性能的试验与对比。试验和实践证明,铬是球铁有利的元素,其在球铁中的含量可超过0.05%,可作为球铁的合金化元素,熔制铸态球铁,不需正火或退火,与含铜铸态球铁相比生产成本较低,试验表明：铬铸态CA曲轴的疲劳性能远远高出锻造45钢CA曲轴。而且疲劳性能超群,铸造工艺性甚好,废品率低。     

铸态球墨铸铁硅碳比的研究

研究了砂型铸态球铁中硅碳比对组织及性能的影响，总结出获得高塑、韧性铸态球铁的最佳硅碳比范围，并对球铁一次结晶石墨化过程中硅与碳两元素的相互作用进行了初步探讨，并提出将球铁中的硅碳比作为单独的成分因素。