我国膳食中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra、~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po含量及其所致内照射剂量

作为1990年全国总膳食调查的放射性物质部分,本文报道了组成我国膳食的各类食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra、~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po 含量的测定结果;按调查所得膳食组成和食品中核素含量,估算了我国居民(成年男子)当前这些核素经食入所致年摄入量和待积有效剂量当量。结果表明,每年食入所致总待积有效剂量当量约为0.24 mSv,贡献较大的食品是蔬菜、水产品和谷类,贡献较大的核素为~(210)Pb、~(210)Po 和~(228)Ra。这些结果更新了我国膳食中这些核素的资料,补充了来自饮水的数据。文中还讨论了我国膳食组成的地区差异及其对居民摄入量和所致内照射剂量的影响。     

~(14)N(~7Li,~6He)~(15)O和~(14)N(~7Li,~6Li)~(15)N反应的测量

正H是宇宙中丰度最高的元素,H燃烧反应是恒星重要的能量来源。H燃烧有p-p链和CNO循环两种方式。而~(14)N(p,γ)~(15)O是CNO1循环中最慢的核过程,它控制着整个CNO循环的进程,从而影响对球状星团年龄的判断。球状星团年龄与由哈勃常数确定的宇宙年龄之间的矛盾尚待解决。     

短寿命放射性核素~(11)C、~(13)N、~(15)O、~(18)F及其药物

短寿命放射性核素~(11)C、~(13)N、~(15)O、~(18)F都是缺中子型核素,产生β湮没辐射,从而产生方向相反,角度为180°±0.25°的两个511keV的γ光子,具有高灵敏度、高分辨率的正电子发射型计算机断层(PECT),可采用符合线路进行探测。由于~(11)C、~(13)N、~(15)O是人体组织、天然与合成药物的组成元素,而~(18)F则可代替H、卤素、OH基而不改变药物的生物活性,因此,这类药物可研究其在体内的生理、生化、病理过程,其显像不仅是形态型而且是功能性的;不是二维平面显像而是三维立体显像。     

Dynamic Study on Damped Reactions of ~(244)Pu ~(244)Pu,~(238)U ~(238)U and ~(197)Au ~(197)Au

In most attempts to produce superheavy elements(SHE), the complete fusion reactions have successfully been tried. Since the 70’s the elements from Z=107 to 116 were synthesized in the “cold fusion” reactions with lead and bismuth targets and “hot fusi…     

用~(95)Zr放射性同位素稀释法测定~(97)Zr(~(97)Zb)

目前,放化法测定裂变产额的准确度一般只能达到±3％。为了进一步提高产额测定的准确度和灵敏度,作者之一提出采用放射性同位素稀释法,并认为以~(95)Zr放射性同位素稀释法测定样品中~97Zr(~(97)Nb)的含量(计数率),其测量准确度可能达到±1％以内,本工作对相对测量部分验证了这一看法。并用放射性同位素稀释法证明:用TTA(噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮)萃取法由裂变产物中分离出来的无载体~(97)Zr(~(95)Zr)达到放射化学纯。但目前尚未进行裂变产额的测定。     

放射性水异常中同位素~(234)U/~(238)U、~(230)Th/~(232)Th测定方法

一、前言放射性水化学找矿方法是通过测定水中铀、镭、氡的含量来发现异常的。要对异常作出正确的解释,首先要了解水中铀、镭、氡的含量和不同的地球化学环境特点,再结合异常区的地质条件加以考虑。为了提高解释的可靠性,国外有人根据地球化学理论,根据已知铀、镭、钍等放射性元素在岩石和天然水中的迁移规律,做了大量的野外和室内实验工作,提出了应用水中放射性元素同位素组成及其比值解释放射性水异常的方法。例如,火成岩异常水中~(234)U/~(238)U=1～1.5;~(230)Th/~(232)Th>20即为矿化引起的异常。本文论述为此目的而进行的分析方法试验。     

~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH)合成新工艺

~(18)F-甲基胆碱(~(18)F-FCH)和~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH),是两种重要的~(18)F标记的胆碱类似物,它们既被磷酸激酶磷酸化,又参与膜磷脂的合成,广泛应用于正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)检查,在肿瘤诊断中具有十分重要的作用。但普遍存在合成产率不高、不稳定或者使用对皮肤具有腐蚀性的三氟甲磺酸银(triflate-Ag),为合成操作和临床应用带来不便。本工作以2-溴三氟甲磺酸乙酯(BrC_2H_4OTf)与~(18)F-反应生成BrC_2H_4~(18)F,再与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应,纯化后得到产品。改变了传统工艺中以价格比较昂贵的TsOCH_2CH_2TsO为原料的方法,避免腐蚀性较强的三氟甲磺酸银(triflate-Ag)柱的CH_2Br_2的方法。反应过程温和,各个反应步骤容易控制,对合成模块设备的要求较低,合成时间短,利于~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH)的临床应用。     

~(25)Mg(~7Li,~6He)~(26)Al反应角分布的测量

正为研究~(25)Mg(p,γ)~(26)Al反应的58keV共振,在串列加速器Q3D磁谱仪上利用31.5 MeV的7Li束流分别轰击~(25)MgO靶、~(24)MgO靶和~(12)C靶,对~(25)Mg(~7Li,~6 He)~(26)Al反应布居6.364激发态的角分布进行了测量。反应生成的~6He离子经磁谱仪的分离聚焦后,在焦平面上由二维位置灵敏硅探测器阵列进行收集和鉴别。探测器阵列由6块X4型探测器组成,沿水平方向依次安装在精度为μm量级的二维平移台上,每块探测器有效探测面为75mm×48mm,探测器之间相距55mm,相同     

~(18)F(p,α)~(15)O,~(18)F(p.γ)~(19)Ne的核天体反应几率

氢在恒星的爆炸中燃烧。在这些环境中,温度范围为107～109K或更高,密度范围为102K～106g/cm3。在这些地方,核反应可以很快的发生,以致放射性核素诸如14O、15O、17F、18F等,在有机会衰变之前就俘获了质子。有关在这些环境中放射性核素的质子诱发反应,对于确定核素的合成以及能量的产生扮演着重要的角色。 特别是,当爆炸后,预测新星包层这些放射性核素的总量存在着很大的偏差,因为现在的18F（p,α）15O和18F（p,γ）19Ne反应在恒星中的反应率存在着很大的不确定性（达到约     

Isospin Distribution of Fragments in Reaction ~(96)Ru ~(96)Ru, ~(96)Ru ~(96)Zr,~(96)Zr ~(96)Ru,and ~(96)Zr ~(96)Zr at Beam Energy 400 AMeV

The isospin distribution of particles and fragments in collisions 96Ru 96Ru, 96Ru 96Zr, 96Zr 96Ru, and 96Zr 96Zr at beam energy 400 AMeV is studied with isospin dependent QMD model. We find the rapidity distribution of difference between neutron-proton number in neutron rich nucleus-nucleus collisions at intermediate energies is sensitive to the isospin dependent part of nuclear potential. The study of the N/Z ratio of nucleons, light charged particles (LCP) and intermediate mass fragments (IMF) shows that the isospin dependent part of nuclear potential drives IMF to be more isospin symmetric and emitted nucleons to be more neutron rich. We also study the time evolution of the isospin distribution     

Measurement of ~(25)Mg(~7Li,~6He)~(26)Al Angular Distribution

<正>In order to study the 58keV resonance in ~(25)Mg(p,γ)~(26)Al reaction,the measurement of the~(25)Mg(~7Li,~6 He)~(26) Al*_(6.364)reaction was carried out by using a 31.5 MeV ~7Li beam from the HI-13tandem accelerator,Beijing.The 200 enA 7Li beam impinged on ~(25)MgO,~(24)MgO and ~(12)C target,     

Investigation of production of medical ~(82)Sr and ~(68)Ge for ~(82)Sr/~(82)Rb and ~(68)Ge/~(68)Ga generators via proton accelerator

How to operate~(82)Sr/~(82)Rb and ~(68)Ge/~(68)Ga generators used in the positron emission tomography scan process is explained, and the importance of ~(82)Sr and ~(68)Ge radionuclides for these generators is revealed. To produce medical ~(82)Sr and ~(68)Ge by means of a proton accelerator in an irradiation time of 24 h, a proton beam current of250 l A, and an energy range E_(proton)= 100 →5 MeV, the cross sections and the neutron emission spectrum curves of(p,xn) reaction processes on Rb-85, Ga-69 and Ga-71 targets were calculated, and the activities and yields of the product were simulated for the reaction processes. Additionally, the integral yields of the reaction processes were determined via the calculated cross-sectional curves and the mass stopping power obtained from the X-PMSP program. Furthermore, based on the obtained results, the appropriate reaction processes for the production of ~(82)Sr and ~(68)Ge isotopes on Rb-85, Ga-69, and Ga-71 targets are discussed.     

Near-barrier Fusion Evaporation and Fission of ~(28)Si+~(174)Yb and ~(32)S+~(170)Er

<正>Heavy-ion induced fusion-fission reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier have attracted much attention~([1-2]),due to many degrees of freedom involved in the interaction processes.It has been experimentally proved that the coupled interactions of some intrinsic motions and relative motion play a significant role in the process that     

Model-based cross section calculations on production of ~(43,34)Sc,~(45)Ti,~(51)Cr,~(54)Mn,and ~(55)Fe radioisotopes

A cross section database on excitation functions of reactions produced by charged particles is essential for many areas of nuclear research. Particularly, accurate knowledge on nuclear cross sections for the cyclotron production of radioisotopes is very important for nuclear medicine. In the present paper, the cross section calculations for the production of~(43),~(34)Sc,~(45)Ti,~(51)Cr,~(54)Mn, and~(55) Fe radioisotopes were carried out by the use of ALICE/ASH code using the Fermi gas model, Kataria Ramamurthy Fermi gas model, and superfluid nuclear model for nuclear level density. Thereby, these model calculations were compared with the available measured data.     

被动累积~(222)Rn-~(222)Rn探测器

本文采用 2只扩散杯 ,一只选择渗透率较大的滤膜 ,使2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn能很容易的进入。另一只选择渗透率较小的滤膜 ,该滤膜只允许2 2 2 Rn进入 ,半衰期较短的2 2 0 Rn被阻挡在外面。通过不同滤膜扩散率的差异 ,改变探测器的空气交换率 ,从而达到同时测量2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn的目的     

~(107)Ag(d,2n)~(107)Cd和~(109)Ag(d,2n)~(109)Cd反应的激发函数

用13.4MeV的氘束轰击天然银迭靶,银箔前后用铝箔作捕集减能膜。实验确定了~(107)Ag(d,2n)~(107)Cd和~(109)Ag(d,2n)~(109)Cd反应的激发函数,同时作了理论计算。由结果可见,实验值与理论值吻合得很好。     

^89Sr和^90Sr的同时定量测定

一、引言关于多组份的β源的同时定量测定,Biller曾提出用跟踪测量-图解法获得各组份的量,但是对于寿命较长的~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr-~(90)Y的测量则不适用。为了测量它们,一般采用选择适当的冷却和测量时间,使多组份β源简化为单组份的贡献。所以,有关~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr的同时定量测定尚未见文献中报道。~(90)Sr的半衰期较长(T_(1/2)=28.6a),其子体~(90)Y的β射线能量较高(2.284 MeV),是极毒物质。通过~(235)U裂变生产的口服或注射用的医用同位素(如~(99)Mo-~(99)Tc发生器)中的~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr的含量必须符合我国卫生部部颁标准(~(89)Sr为6×10~(-5)%,~(90)Sr为6×10~(-6)%)。这就需要有一个合适的定量测量方法。为此,本工作研究和建立了β发射核~(89)Sr,~(89)Sr-~(90)Y的分离和同时定量测定的方法。     

^14C标记农药杀螟松和马拉硫磷的制备

以Ｂａ＾１４ＣＯ３为起始原料制得＾１４ＣＨ３ＯＨ，然后和＾１４ＣＨ３ＯＨ与ＰＳＣｌ３在碱性条件下反应，再加入甲基砂基苯酚，在甲基异丁酮溶剂体系下制得＾１４Ｃ－刹螟松，放化纯度〉９５％，放射性比活度为１８８．７ＢＭｑ／ｍｏｌ，＾１４ＣＨ２ＯＨ与Ｐ２Ｓ５合成的中间体，加顺丁烯酸二乙酯在甲苯溶剂体系中反应制成＾１４Ｃ－马拉硫磷，放化纯度〉９５％，放射性比活度为１５６．４ＭＢｑ／ｍｏｌ。