Impact of perfectionism and need for approval on the brief treatment of depression: The National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program revisited.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 63(3) of Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (see record 1995-33936-001). Research Program Revisited," by Sidney J. Blatt, Donald M. Quinlan, Paul A. Pilkonis, and M. Tracie Shea reported significant negative relationships of pretreatment scores on the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) Perfectionism factor to residualized measures of therapeutic change. Further analyses revealed several errors in the original report concerning two of the five measures of therapeutic change: the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) and the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS). Pretreatment DAS Perfectionism scores predicting residualized GAS and SAS change scores yield a standard regression weight of-.328 (instead of-.270), t(145) = -3.28, p = .001, and .250 (instead of .297), t(145) = 2.50, p = .014, respectively. The linear contrast of level of posttreatment SAS among the four quartiles of pretreatment perfectionism increases slightly, F(l, 50) = 7.93, p     

"Construct validity of WAIS—R factors: Neuropsychological test correlates in adults referred for evaluation of possible head injury": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by E. M. S. Sherman et al (Psychological Assessment, 1995[Dec], Vol 7[4], 440–444. On page 444, line 36 of the reference list incorrectly reads, "Reitan, R. M., & Davidson, L. A.' The correct spelling is Davison. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1996-10111-001.) A 3-factor solution of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R; Wechsler, 1981) in 260 adults with suspected head injury suggested relatively good construct validity for the factors, based on correlations with neuropsychological tests purported to measure similar abilities. The Verbal Comprehension factor was related to verbal ability, verbal memory, and executive functioning. The Perceptual Organization factor, although measuring primarily visual-spatial perception and visual construction ability, was related to visual-spatial memory, visual attention, and executive functioning. The Freedom From Distractibility factor was correlated with two attention measures and was not associated with memory measures. Its association with executive functioning was inconsistent. The findings are discussed in terms of the multidimensional nature of neuropsychological tests and WAIS—R factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When and how perfectionism impedes the brief treatment of depression: Further analyses of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program.

Perfectionism has previously been identified as having a significant negative impact on therapeutic outcome at termination in the brief (16-week) treatment of depression (S. J. Blatt, D. M. Quinlan, P. A. Pilkonis, & T. Shea, 1995) as measured by the 5 primary outcome measures used in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP). The present analyses of other data from the TDCRP indicated that this impact of perfectionism on therapeutic outcome was also found in ratings by therapists, independent clinical evaluators, and the patients and that this effect persisted 18 months after termination. In addition, analyses of comprehensive, independent assessments made during the treatment process indicated that perfectionism began to impede therapeutic gain in approximately 2/3 of the sample, in the latter half of treatment, between the 9th and 12th sessions. Implications of these findings are discussed, including the possibility that more perfectionistic patients may be negatively impacted by anticipation of an arbitrary, externally imposed termination date. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Male gender role conflict: Psychometric issues and relations to psychological distress:" Correction.

Reports an error in the original article by G. E. Good et al (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1995 [Jan], Vol 42 [1], 3-10). On page 6, the numbers on line 2 for the Tucker-Lewis fit index should be .827 (Sample 2) and .830 (Sample 3). (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1995-15746-001.) Two distinct deficits in research on male gender role conflict are addressed: (a) lack of psychometric information and (b) lack of research involving clinical samples. First, using 1,043 men across 3 samples, the psychometric properties of the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) were examined through confirmatory analyses, internal consistency estimation, and construct validation. Next, using 130 male university counseling center clients across 2 samples, the relation between gender role conflict and psychological distress was examined. The GRCS demonstrated good internal consistency and was best modeled as 4 intercorrelated factors, as originally proposed by J. M. O'Neil, B. Helms, R. Gable, L. David, and L. Wrightsman (1986). Construct validity was supported through correlations with attitudes about masculinity, fear of intimacy, and social desirability in expected directions. However, male gender role conflict was significantly related to psychological… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Marital interaction and depression": Correction to Schmaling and Jacobson.

Reports an error in "Marital interaction and depression" by Karen B. Schmaling and Neil S. Jacobson (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1990[Aug], Vol 99[3], 229-236). In this article, the measures in Table 1 were incorrectly listed. The third and fourth measures ought to read "Wife DAS" and "Husband DAS," respectively. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1991-01471-001.) In this article, patterns of marital interaction as a function of depression and marital satisfaction are examined. The purpose of the study was to separate dysfunctional marital interaction patterns that were unique to depression from those that were associated with marital distress. The presence or absence of a depressed wife was crossed with level of marital satisfaction (distressed or nondistressed) to produce four groups of subject couples. Couples in which the wife was depressed exhibited more depressive behavior than did nondepressed couples, but only during discussion of a high conflict (as opposed to neutral) topic. Sex?×?Depression Level?×?Marital Satisfaction interactions were found for aggressive behavior: Depressed women in nondistressed relationships exhibited behavior that was characteristic of maritally distressed couples (high rates of aggression). In contrast, the husbands of these women exhibited behavior that one would expect in happily married couples (low rates of aggression). We failed to replicate previous findings that depressive behavior served a coercive function, although distressed couples, regardless of depression status, exhibited all the usual signs of negative dysfunctional interaction. [An erratum for this article will appear in Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1990 (Nov), Vol 99(4). The measures in Table 1 were incorrectly listed in the original article.] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Five methods for computing significant individual client change and improvement rates: Support for and individual growth curve approach." Correction to Speer and Greenbaum (1995).

Reports an error in "Five methods for computing significant individual client change and improvement rates: Support for an individual growth curve approach" by David C. Speer and Paul E. Greenbaum (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1995[Dec], Vol 63[6], 1044-1048). In this article, the values reported for hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) in Table 2 (p. 1046) were incorrect. This erratum provides the correct values and further information on the conclusion of the study. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1996-00402-019.) Interest has been renewed in methods for determining individual client change. Currently, there are at least 4 pretreatment–posttreatment (pre-post) difference score methods. A 5th method, based on a random effects model and multiwave data, represents a growth curve approach and was hypothesized to be more sensitive to detecting significant (p?p?     

"White matter atrophy, ventricular dilation, and intellectual functioning following traumatic brain injury": Correction.

Reports an error in the original article by S. C. Johnson et al (Neuropsychology, 1994[July], Vol 8[3], 301–315). On page 309, Figure 2 was printed upside down. Figures are provided in the correct position. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-38110-001.) Examined the role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) of injury severity measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), white matter atrophy identified by various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric techniques, and postinjury intellectual functioning measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R). MR images of 31 female and 33 male TBI patients were used to calculate corpus callosum (CC) areas, ventricular volumes (estimates of white matter loss), and parenchymal volumes. Results indicated that the men were on the average more severely injured, as indicated by significantly lower GCS scores. CC size correlated significantly with the ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR), but no significant correlations were found between CC size and WAIS—R scores. Significant correlations were found for men only between VBR and Performance IQ and between VBR and the Digit Symbol subtest of the WAIS—R. Implications for the roles of white matter atrophy and intellectual functioning in TBI are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How does cognitive therapy work? Cognitive change and symptom change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression.

The effects of changes in depression-relevant cognition were examined in relation to subsequent change in depressive symptoms for outpatients with major depressive disorder randomly assigned to cognitive therapy (COT; n?=?32) vs those assigned to pharmacotherapy only (NoCT; n?=?32). Depression severity scores were obtained at the beginning, middle, and end of the 12-wk treatment period, as were scores on 4 measures of cognition: Attributional Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (S. D. Hollon and P. E. Kendall; see record 1981-20180-001), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), and the Hopelessness Scale (HS). Change from pretreatment to midtreatment on the ASQ, DAS, and HS predicted change in depression from midtreatment to posttreatment in the COT group, but not in the NoCT group. It is concluded that cognitive phenomena play mediational roles in COT. However, data do not support their status as sufficient mediators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Specificity of treatment effects: Cognitive therapy and relaxation for generalized anxiety and panic disorders": Correction.

Reports an error in "Specificity of treatment effects: Cognitive therapy and relaxation for generalized anxiety and panic disorders" by Jedidiah Siev and Dianne L. Chambless (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007[Aug], Vol 75[4], 513-522). The individual measures were not listed in the domains labeled "Panic" and "Cognitive" for the ?st and Westling (1995) citation in Table 3. The corrected table is included, with the added text appearing in bold font. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-11558-001.) The aim of this study was to address claims that among bona fide treatments no one is more efficacious than another by comparing the relative efficacy of cognitive therapy (CT) and relaxation therapy (RT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder without agoraphobia (PD). Two fixed-effects meta-analyses were conducted, for GAD and PD separately, to review the treatment outcome literature directly comparing CT with RT in the treatment of those disorders. For GAD, CT and RT were equivalent. For PD, CT, which included interoceptive exposure, outperformed RT on all panic-related measures, as well as on indices of clinically significant change. There is ample evidence that both CT and RT qualify as bona fide treatments for GAD and PD, for which they are efficacious and intended to be so. Therefore, the finding that CT and RT do not differ in the treatment of GAD, but do for PD, is evidence for the specificity of treatment to disorder, even for 2 treatments within a CBT class, and 2 disorders within an anxiety class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"An examination of the relations among career subscales": Correction to Fuqua and Newman (1989).

Reports an error in "An examination of the relations among career subscales" by Dale R. Fuqua and Jody L. Newman (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989[Oct], Vol 36[4], 487-491). It was incorrectly reported that a principal-components analysis with varimax rotation was performed. In fact, principal-axis factoring with varimax rotation was performed, and it is the results of this analysis that are reported in Table 2 of the article. In principal-axis factoring communalities are used on the main diagonal of the correlation matrix. Initially, these communalities are equal to the squared multiple correlation of the variable with the other variables in the set. An iteration procedure is used to improve these initial estimates of communalities. Another point of clarification is that in the principal-axis factoring reported in Table 2, we used listwise deletion of missing data, whereas we calculated the correlations reported in Table 1 by using pairwise deletion of missing data. The effect of these different procedures is that the factor analysis (N = 98) was based on a slightly different correlation matrix that the one reported in Table 1, and consequently, Table 2 cannot be exactly reproduced by factoring the correlations reported in Table 1. Also, the sign of the correlation of the Career Decision Profile Choice-Work Importance (row 13) and Decidedness (column 7) subscales (.37) is given as positive in Table 1, whereas it was in fact negative. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1990-03287-001.) We examined 13 career subscales contained in 4 measures of career indecision to determine how different measures relate to one another and how many dimensions may exist across these different instruments. Ss completed career instruments and measures of state and trait anxiety, which were included to aid in the interpretation of factors. Correlations provide some evidence of the convergent validity of the subscales. A factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution accounting for 55.9% of the variance. The first and most general factor was interpreted as a component that represented information about occupations and self. The second factor was interpreted as a more indecisive component and was positively correlated with anxiety. The third factor seemed to be an affective comfort component but failed to relate to anxiety as was expected. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Graduate training in psychotherapy: Are therapy outcomes enhanced?": Comment on Stein and Lambert (1995).

Comments on the article by D. M. Stein and M. J. Lambert (Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 1995[Apr], Vol 63[2], 182–296). The authors misunderstood the meta-analysis of P. Crits-Cristoph et al (see record 1992-20595-001) as examining the relation of therapist experience to "therapist effects" (i.e., differences between therapists in their average outcomes). The Crits-Cristoph et al results did not show that experienced therapists had better outcomes than less experienced therapists. It is also noted that the data in Table 3 are, in fact, correct. However, these 2 errors do not affect the main findings of Stein and Lambert's article. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in PA, Vol 82:26915.) Several sources of indirect evidence supporting the value of graduate training in psychotherapy are reviewed here. Training protocols that are known to enhance trainees' skills are briefly discussed, as are conclusions of meta-analytic reviews examining relationships between therapist experience and training, and therapy outcome. An updated meta-analysis of therapy outcome studies involving within-study comparisons of psychotherapists of different levels of training and experience is summarized.… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Utility of selected MMPI-2 scales in the outcome prediction for patients with chronic back pain.

The predictive utility of selected scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; J. N. Butcher et al, 1989) was examined in relation to a number of physical and psychosocial measures of treatment outcome in patients reporting chronic back pain. MMPI-2 scales assessing manifestations of emotional distress were considered: anxiety (Scale 7 [Pt]: Anxiety [ANX] and Obsessiveness [OBS]), depression (Scale 2 [D]: Depression [DEP]), and somatic discomfort (Scale 1 [Hs]: Lassitude-Malaise [Hy3], Somatic Complaints [Hy4], and Health Concerns [HEA]). The outcome results at 6-month follow-up for 120 patients who participated in a 4-week outpatient multimodal treatment program were examined. Results showed several of the selected scales to be predictive of less improvement, depending on the outcome measures used. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Temporal measures of vocalization: Some methodological considerations": Correction to Swingle.

Reports an error in "Temporal measures of vocalization: Some methodological considerations" by Paul G. Swingle (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984[Dec], Vol 47[6], 1263-1280). The copyright notice was inadvertently omitted. The notice that should have appeared on the first page of this article is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1985-11098-001.) Five studies--with 164 university students, 56 military personnel, and 4 elderly persons--examined methodological issues associated with temporal measures of vocalization. The simple measures of phonation, silence, and interrupt and measures of silence relative to phonation were found to be sensitive to task and emotional factors and were stable across experience. A procedure for analyzing interviews is presented, and potential applications of the temporal measures are discussed. (46 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"APA-accredited predoctoral internships for doctoral training in psychology: 1996": Correction.

Reports an error in "APA-accredited predoctoral internships for doctoral training in psychology: 1996" by (American Psychologist, 1996[Dec], Vol 51[12], 1287-1305). In the original article, Central Louisiana State Hospital was incorrectly listed under Programs Withdrawing From Accreditation at the End of Training Year 1995-1996 on page 1305. The correct listing is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1996-06917-011.) Lists the agencies whose predoctoral internship training programs in psychology were accredited by the American Psychological Association's (APA's) Committee on Accreditation. For each program, the date of accreditation and the date for the next regularly scheduled site visit are listed. Programs listed as accredited have been judged by the Committee to be consistent substantively and procedurally with the "Guidelines and Principles for Accreditation of Programs in Professional Psychology" in a satisfactory manner. (A correction concerning this article appears in American Psychologist, 1997[Jan], Vol 52[1], 31. On page 1305, Central Louisiana State Hospital was incorrectly listed under "Programs withdrawing from acceditation at the end of training year 1995–1996." It should have been included in the list of APA-accedited professional internships.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Structural equation model of intellectual change and continuity and predictors of intelligence in older men": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by D. P. Gold et al (Psychology & Aging, 1995 [Jun], Vol 10[2], 294–303. On page 300, Figure 2, an extra path was inadvertently included in the LISREL program analyzing the data. The correct model is presented. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1995-43339-001.) This study examined the effects of abilities as a young adult, an engaged lifestyle, personality, age, and health on continuity and change in intellectual abilities from early to late adulthood. A battery of measures, including a verbal and nonverbal intelligence (INT) test, was given to 326 Canadian army veterans. Archival data provided World War Two enlistment scores on the same INT test for this sample. Results indicated relative stability of intellectual scores across 40 years, with increases in vocabulary and decreases in arithmetic, verbal analogies, and nonverbal skills. Young adult INT was the most important determinant of older adult performance. Predictors for verbal INT were consistent with an engagement model of intellectual maintenance but also indicated the importance of introversion–extraversion and age. Nonverbal INT in late life was predicted by young adult nonverbal scores, age, health, and introversion–extraversion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Psychometric approaches for developing commensurate measures across independent studies: Traditional and new models": Clarification to Bauer and Hussong (2009).

Reports a clarification to "Psychometric approaches for developing commensurate measures across independent studies: Traditional and new models" by Daniel J. Bauer and Andrea M. Hussong (Psychological Methods, 2009[Jun], Vol 14[2], 101-125). In this article, the authors wrote, "To our knowledge, the multisample framework is the only available option within these [latent variable] programs that allows for the moderation of all types of parameters, and this approach requires a single categorical moderator variable to define the samples.” Bengt Muthén has clarified for the authors that some programs, including Mplus and Mx, can allow for continuous moderation through the implementation of nonlinear constraints involving observed variables, further enlarging the class of MNLFA models that can be fit with these programs. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-08072-001.) When conducting an integrative analysis of data obtained from multiple independent studies, a fundamental problem is to establish commensurate measures for the constructs of interest. Fortunately, procedures for evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence across samples are well developed for the linear factor model and commonly used item response theory models. A newly proposed moderated nonlinear factor analysis model generalizes these models and procedures, allowing for items of different scale types (continuous or discrete) and differential item functioning across levels of categorical and/or continuous variables. The potential of this new model to resolve the problem of measurement in integrative data analysis is shown via an empirical example examining changes in alcohol involvement from ages 10 to 22 years across 2 longitudinal studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations": Correction.

Reports an error in the original article by T. M. Amabile et al (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1994[May], Vol 66[5], 950–967). Items 5 and 11 in Table 1 appeared in the incorrect column. The correct version of the table is provided. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-35880-001.) The Work Preference Inventory (WPI) is designed to assess individual differences in intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Both the college student and the working adult versions aim to capture the major elements of intrinsic motivation (self-determination, competence, task involvement, curiosity, enjoyment, and interest) and extrinsic motivation (concerns with competition, evaluation, recognition, money or other tangible incentives, and constraint by others). The instrument is scored on two primary scales, each subdivided into 2 secondary scales. The WPI has meaningful factor structures, adequate internal consistency, good short-term test-retest reliability, and good longer term stability. Moreover, WPI scores are related in meaningful ways to other questionnaire and behavioral measures of motivation, as well as personality characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Amphetamine sensitization: Nonassociative and associative components": Correction to Wang and Hsiao (2003).

Reports an error in "Amphetamine sensitization: Nonassociative and associative components" by Ying-Chou Wang and Sigmund Hsiao (Behavioral Neuroscience, 2003[Oct], Vol 117[5], 961-969). The institutional affiliation for Ying-Chou Wang is incomplete. The correct affiliation is Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health and National Chung Cheng University. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2003-08567-009.) Rats, pretreated with amphetamine (AMPH, 1 mg/kg) or saline for 2 weeks, were challenged with AMPH (0.5 mg/kg) or saline following 1 week of abstinence, and locomotion was measured. In Experiments 1 and 2, the pretreatment occurred in various contexts (home cage, novel box, test box). Sensitization was observed only when pretreatment context and test context were the same; a context switch abolished sensitization. When rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were pretreated with AMPH, sensitization was completely dependent on the pretreatment, but independent of context. This "zero context" condition isolated the basal level of excitation attributable to unconditioned neural change to determine the role of contextual input to be a modulator that enhances or inhibits sensitization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)