红枣芦荟复合饮料的研制

以红枣、芦荟为原料,对红枣复合饮料的配方及杀菌条件进行了研究。结果表明：红枣芦荟饮料的最适配方为枣汁50％,芦荟汁0．24％,蔗糖6％,柠檬酸0．2％。最佳灭菌条件为80℃、20min。     

新型常温保存动植物平衡蛋白香肠

1992年7月北京多国食品机械展览会上,日本不二制油株式会社展出的新型常温保存动植物平衡蛋白香肠制造工艺,引起许多参观者的关注。1 新型香肠具有的特点: 普通香肠以100％的动物肉(猪、牛、羊、鱼、肉等)为原料,进行加工。此种香肠以动植物蛋白为原料。加工成为动植物平衡蛋白香肠,具有适合于人体需要的营养,而香肠     

枣泥风味肉糜香肠的研制

选用哈密红枣为原料制作成枣泥,分别按照肉糜质量的5％、10％和15％制作成低、中、高三种枣泥浓度的肉糜香肠;与不添加枣泥的肉糜香肠进行对比,分别讨论添加枣泥量对香肠营养成分、保藏性能、风味、色泽以及口感等因素的影响.结果显示,随着枣泥添加量的增加,香肠还原糖含量显著增高,保藏性能则略有下降趋势,风味和色泽均有改善,但口感呈下降趋势.综合考虑各种因素的影响,以15％枣泥添加量的肉糜香肠略佳.     

小米香肠的研制

实验主要研究小米在猪肉香肠中的应用及其对香肠品质的影响。实验以猪肉为主要原料,添加小米、玉米淀粉等辅料,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定小米香肠的最佳工艺配方:小米添加量为原料肉的6%,淀粉添加量为原料肉的8%,猪肉肥瘦比例为1:4,所得产品感官评价、质构测定结果均较好。     

宰后放置时间和冷冻对中式香肠品质的影响

采用均匀试验设计,以宰后放置时间和是否冷冻为考察因素,以猪肉为原料进行香肠加工,探讨宰后放置时间和是否冷冻对香肠品质的影响规律。结果表明：宰后放置时间和是否冷冻对中式香肠的感官评分没有显著影响;对pH 值、原料肉系水力、生香肠的硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)值和出品率有显著影响,且均呈非线性关系。进行优化计算得到：当所选用的原料为冷冻肉时,暂未找到共同解;当所选用的原料为未经冷冻的肉样时,宰后冷冻时间越早,出品率越大,生香肠的TBARS 值越小。因而以鲜肉为原料制作香肠,所选原料越新鲜,香肠品质越好。     

芦荟汁天然饮料工艺的研究

以库拉索芦荟为主要原料，加以柠檬酸、蔗糖等辅料，经科学加工制成有益于人体健康的轻凉型安全天然饮料。本文对芦荟饮料的生产工艺、配方和技术关键进行了研究。通过正交试验及方差分析，确定出该饮品的最佳组合方式为E3B3C4A3D2，即澄清的芦荟汁用量35％、蔗糖6％、蜂蜜2．6％、柠檬酸0．3％、柠檬酸钾0．3％、水为55．8％(上述百分比均为质量分数)。通小试，还确定出产品最适稳定剂配方为0．11％CMC 0．10％海藻酸钠复合使用为最佳。此外还简述芦荟的营养价值和药用价值，这一切为芦荟饮品的研制提供了科学依据，也为进一步工业化生产提供了基础。     

传统广式腊肠的改进试验研究

中国的名优广式腊肠的生产，其原料肉中的精瘦肉，一般必须为４号肉（即后腿肉），而４号肉质高价高，使得生产的广式腊肠的成本也相应增高。为了降低生产成本，我们用一些低价替代品（如五花肉、鸡胸肉、猪心、猪肺及非肉添加物等）替代或部分替代传统生产广式腊肠中的精瘦肉部分。试制出若干个不同原料肉配方的广式腊肠，经测试这些产品的感官指标及理化指标均符合国家卫生部制定的《香肠（腊肠），香肚卫生标准》。并对香肠品质、     

五种独特香肠制品

正一、桂楼牌枣式香肠特色:桂楼牌枣式香肠因状似大红枣而得名。1947年川东肉松厂业已开始生产。枣式香肠状似山东大枣,长圆形,肠节均匀,色泽鲜红,造形美观,独具一格,肉身干爽,饱满结实,鸡皮皱纹,指压无明显凹痕;入口香鲜,油而不腻,腊香浓郁,甜咸适口。配料:选用经宰杀后,检验合格之新鲜前胛后腿瘦肉50 kg为原料,均匀切成胡豆大小颗粒,用温水洗后,加配     

综合生产火腿和香肠的现代化设备

<正> 中国传统的香肠生产方法普遍是采用转盘斩拌机,随着科技的发展与高新技术的广泛应用,香肠的生产方法也将渐渐趋向于采用揉合绞肉、搅拌和连续乳化的现代化生产工艺。本文将重点介绍采用同一先进的生产设备来生产香肠和火腿的特点与好处。 传统工艺的问题 火腿及香肠的生产原料普遍采用冷冻肉或鲜肉,而冷冻原料肉的传统加工方法,一般需要对冷冻肉进行预热,以方便除去肉内的碎骨和其他外来硬物。然而,预热处理存在许多缺点,就是处理费时,所需占地空间较多,在处理过程中有2％以上的滴沥损失,其后的预热肉分选工序又需要大     

蛋清蛋白乳化香肠的研制

主要研究了原料肉肥瘦比、蛋清添加量和卡拉胶添加量对乳化香肠品质的影响。实验结果表明,原料肉肥瘦比、蛋清添加量和卡拉胶添加量对乳化香肠品质有不同程度的影响,通过L9(34)正交实验得到最佳配比为:原料肉肥瘦比2∶8,蛋清蛋白添加量6%,卡拉胶添加量0.3%。在此最佳配比下,乳化香肠的感官评分为8.0,系水力为79.41%,剪切力为1.588kg.f。     

芦荟保健低温火腿肠的研制

以芦荟、猪肉为原料研制低温芦荟保健火腿肠,旨在保持火腿肠原有风味的同时,增加其营养性和保健作用。其原料的最佳配比为:芦荟全法汁:猪肉(肥:瘦=15:85)=1:3,采用β-CD处理芦荟汁,并添加天然风味料,研制出风味优良,具有一定保健和营养功效的芦荟低温火腿肠。     

新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

本文介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L9（3^4）正交试验并结合感观评定得出最优组合：肥瘦比1：4,红枣粉10％,淀粉8％。最后以最佳组合糊成灌肠在常温下一个月存放时间后,进行理化指标和微生物指标检测,测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。总之红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味,同时具有提高灌肠的营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L(934)正交实验并结合感观评定得出最优组合:肥瘦肉质量比1∶4,红枣粉与淀粉分别为猪肉质量的10%和8%。最后以最佳组合制成灌肠在常温下存放一个月后,进行理化指标和微生物指标检测,测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味,同时具有提高灌肠营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

7S球蛋白水解物对猪肉糜凝胶的影响

以大豆为原料,提取7S球蛋白,并采用碱性蛋白酶对其进行限制性酶解,控制其水解度,得到水解度为3%、6%、9%、12%、15%的酶解产物,将酶解产物与猪肉糜混合制备猪肉肠,分析添加不同水解度的酶解产物所形成的猪肉糜凝胶的化学作用力的变化。结果表明：静电作用与猪肉糜凝胶强度相关性不显著,不是维持猪肉糜凝胶网络结构的主要作用力;疏水作用与猪肉糜凝胶的回复性和咀嚼性呈现极显著的正相关性;氢键与猪肉糜凝胶的弹性呈现极显著的正相关性,二硫键与猪肉糜凝胶的弹性、内聚性和回复性呈现显著的正相关性。提示：氢键、疏水作用、二硫键是维持猪肉糜凝胶网络结构的主要作用力。扫描电镜图谱显示：随着添加的酶解产物水解度的增大,所形成的凝胶网络结构逐渐紧密,且比较均匀,无明显的空洞,猪肉糜凝胶的网络结构得到显著改善。     

Acceptability and Sensory Analysis of Pork Summer Sausage from Pigs Administered Porcine Somatotropin

Summer sausages were formulated to contain 20% fat from the following raw meat sources: (1) pork and beef blend, (2) 100% pork from control pigs, and (3) 100% pork from pigs administered 4 mg/ day porcine somatotropin (pSt). Sausages were evaluated by a trained sensory panel and by 1192 consumers. Summer sausage from the pSt-treated pigs and the pork/beef blend was firmer and more chewy than that made from 100% control pork. The beef/pork blend sausage was darker, more red and less yellow when compared with sausage made with 100% pork. Sausage from pSt-treated pigs received greater acceptability scores and was preferred by 62% of consumers when compared with sausage from control pigs.     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging and irradiation in combination on content of nitrosamines in cooked pork sausage

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging and irradiation in combination on nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) levels in pork sausage was studied. Emulsion-type cooked pork sausage was manufactured and packaged in aerobic, CO2 (100%), N2 (100%), and CO2/N2 (25%/75%) environments, respectively, and irradiated at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy with gamma irradiation. The nitrosamine contents were significantly reduced by irradiation, and the reduction of nitrosamines was more extensive with modified atmosphere packaging than with aerobic packaging. The correlation coefficient between irradiation dose and nitrosamine content indicated that irradiation can reduce the levels of nitrosamines. The combination of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging is effective in enhancing the chemical safety of sausage by reducing nitrosamines, if present, as well as enhancing the microbial safety of cooked pork sausage.     

Use of carbon monoxide combined with carbon dioxide for modified atmosphere packaging of pre- and postrigor fresh pork sausage to improve shelf life

Fresh pre- and postrigor pork sausage patties were manufactured in the Iowa State University Meat Laboratory and packaged either in modified atmosphere (MAP) with 0.4% carbon monoxide (CO) and 99.6% carbon dioxide (CO2) or on foam trays overwrapped with oxygen-permeable film (OW). Packages were stored at 2 to 40C under fluorescent lights for up to 31 days. Aerobic, anaerobic, and psychrotrophic plate counts, raw and cooked color, purge, and lipid oxidation were measured during storage. Results indicated that both pork sausage products in MAP had lower aerobic and psychrotrophic counts and less lipid oxidation throughout storage (P < 0.05). Raw color of both products in MAP was redder than the OW patties (P < 0.05), but the prerigor pork sausage in MAP benefited more from the CO atmosphere in terms of raw color than the postrigor pork sausage in MAP. Cooked color of the prerigor pork sausage in MAP was significantly redder than cooked color of the postrigor pork sausage. Both pork sausage products in MAP were also lighter (L* value) than the OW patties for raw and cooked color. Therefore, the combination of CO and CO2 in MAP was beneficial in extending the shelf life of pre-and postrigor fresh pork sausage by reducing aerobic and psychrotrophic microbial growth and improving oxidative stability and color, compared to conventional OW packaging. However, increased purge, increased anaerobic growth, and changes in cooking behavior were also observed for the products in MAP during storage (P < 0.05).     

Flavor and Nutrient Composition of a Sausage Ball Snack-type Food Made From Pork or Catfish

Ground catfish flavored with pork sausage seasoning was used in a sausage ball snack-type food and the product was compared to pork sausage balls for sensory and nutrient differences. Triangle tests were not significant (P > 0.05). Protein (p ≦ 0.01), fat (p ≦ 0.01), and nitrogen free extract (p ≦ 0.05) were significantly different between the two products. Moisture, crude fiber, ash, sodium, and potassium content were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In the proportions used in this study, catfish sausage is useful as a substitute for pork sausage.     

Effect of substituting pork backfat with rind on quality characteristics of pork sausage

A study was conducted in which pork backfat in pork sausage was replaced with rind at 0, 33, 66 and 100% levels. The high moisture and high protein content of rind consequently influenced the moisture and protein content of the final products. The fat level decreased with increase in the level of rind in the sausage. The lowest fat content of 7.99% was recorded on batch 4 sausage with 100% rind replacement level. Replacement of pork backfat with rind decreased refrigeration and cooking weight losses. The values obtained for sensory properties decreased with increase in the level of rind in the sausage. Up to 66% pork backfat can be replaced with rind in pork sausage without adverse effect on processing yield.     

Low-Fat Fresh Pork Sausage Patty Stability in Refrigerated Storage with Potassiunn Lactate

Typical pork sausage patties (40% fat), low-fat (8%) control patties, and low-fat (8%) patties with 20% added water and 0.4% carrageenan were compared to identical treatments containing 2% potassium lactate. The lactate had no effect on percent discoloration or lean color during refrigerated aerobic storage. Sensory properties of pork sausage treatments were not affected by the lactate salt (P<0.05). Bacterial populations of low-fat pork sausage patties did not differ (P>0.05); however, the typical patties with 2% potassium lactate had lower (P<0.05) microbial numbers during refrigerated storage than typical fresh pork sausage. TBARS,‘L’,‘a’and‘b’values were unaffected by the potassium lactate (P>0.05).