2A66铝锂合金板材各向异性研究

采用布氏硬度与拉伸性能测试以及OM,SEM和TEM分析,研究2A66铝锂合金板材力学性能的各向异性随时效时间变化的规律和合金时效状态下的显微组织,并探讨影响各向异性的主要因素。结果表明:165℃峰值时效前,随时效时间的延长,2A66铝锂合金力学性能的各向异性程度逐渐下降,过时效后合金的各向异性有所增强,伸长率的各向异性大于强度各向异性。峰时效(64h)时合金的σ_b,σ_(0.2),δ的IPA值均达到了最低值,分别为3.0%,3.0%,12.2%,此时合金也获得了较好的强塑性结合,轴向σ_b,σ_(0.2),δ分别为526.5,448.9MPa,10.1%。不同热处理状态下,2A66铝锂合金平面各向异性的总体表现为:纵向(0°)和横向(90°)的强度最高,45°方向最低;45°方向试样的伸长率最高,纵向和横向最低。     

5A01高镁铝合金的PLC效应及其力学性能

采用DSC、金相组织观察、透射电子显微镜及室温拉伸实验研究了5A01(6.13wt%Mg)高镁铝合金的组织、锯齿屈服(PLC)效应及不同应变速率下的力学性能。结果表明:淬火态、150℃/1h时效和350℃/1h时效三种状态合金中均分布有β相,但以150℃/1h时效态合金中的β相数量最多;在150℃时效,随时效时间(1～72h)的延长,合金的PLC效应减弱;在时效时间为1h时,随时效温度150℃升高到350℃,合金的PLC效应增强;在应变速率为6.66×10-4s-1时,淬火态、150℃/1h及350℃/1h时效态合金的极限抗拉强度和延伸率变化不大,在应变速率为8×10-5s-1时,150℃/1h时效态合金的极限抗拉强度最高,延伸率最低;5A01铝合金的PLC效应及不同应变速率下力学性能变化的机理,可利用固溶Mg原子和位错相互作用理论进行合理解释。     

Cu-3.0Ni-0.75Si合金时效析出动力学分析

为研究Cu-3.0Ni-0.75Si合金时效过程中沉淀相的析出与长大规律,及其对合金硬度的影响,采用涡流电导仪和布氏硬度计分别测量合金的电导率和硬度,根据导电率与新相析出量之间的关系分析合金的时效析出动力学过程.结果表明,在350℃下时效,合金硬度随时效时间的延长,先升高后趋于平缓;在450℃、550℃下时效,合金硬度随时效时间的增加快速上升,到达峰值后缓慢下降;时效温度越高,合金硬度峰值越低,但硬度达到峰值所需的时间越短.温度一定,随时效时间的增加,合金电导率在时效初期快速升高,至峰值后趋于平缓.根据Cu-3.0Ni-0.75Si合金在450℃时效过程中电导率的变化,通过Avrami方程推导出相应的相变动力学方程及电导率方程分别为f=1-exp(-0.052 2t0.717 61)和σ=15.2+16.3[1-exp(-0.052 2t0.717 61)],采用相关系数检验法及F检验法对电导率方程的可信性进行检验,结果说明时效析出动力学方程和电导率方程具有一定的可靠性.对比由电导率经验方程得出的电导率理论值与测量得出的实验值,该理论值与实验值有良好的吻合度.     

含Ag的Al-Cu-Mg基合金的断续时效特征

采用维氏硬度、拉伸力学性能测试、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜分析手段,研究了断续时效对含Ag的Al-Cu-Mg基合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:185℃高温欠时效Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金在低温进行二次时效时,会发生二次析出现象,合金塑性显著提高。随着185℃欠时效时间的延长,合金二次时效初始硬度升高,峰值时间缩短,峰值硬度增量降低。二次时效温度为65℃时,合金中主要强化相为G.P.区和少量的Ω相,其峰值强度硬度低于T6态,提高二次时效温度至150℃,合金主要强化相为Ω相和少量的G.P.区,其峰值强度硬度略高于T6态。     

BeCu/Cu合金复合材料性能的研究

制备了BeCu/Cu合金复合材料,并对复合材料进行了不同温度和不同时间的时效热处理,通过力学性能和电学性能分析,研究了时效温度和时效时间对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:经300℃/2h时效后,复合材料的硬度和极限抗拉强度都随时效温度的升高而降低,而电阻率在3h时效才降低.但是在400℃以上时效,电阻率随时效温度的升高而增大.合适的时效温度和时效时间有利于提高复合材料的综合性能.     

一种含少量Zn、Mn的Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr合金的力学性能及微观组织

设计了一种含少量Zn、Mn的Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zr合金，并研究了其拉伸性能及微观组织。结果表明：该合金的主要析出相为6（Al5Cu6Mg2）相、T1（A12CuLi）相及θ′（A12Cu）相。160℃／18h时效时，随固溶温度升高，θ′相减少，6相和T1相含量增加，合金强度提高。530℃／1h固溶后，随时效温度升至175℃时，6相及T1相增加，合金强度增大；时效温度进一步升高至190℃，T1相减少，合金强度降低，且随时效温度升高，合金塑性降低，其断裂方式由韧性断裂逐渐转变为复合断裂。     

时效工艺对Cu-Te-Cr合金性能的影响

研究了在不同时效温度下,时效时间对Cu-Te-Cr合金力学性能和电学性能的影响.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了析出相的形貌、组成及其分布.研究表明,随着时效时间的延长,合金硬度和导电率都先快速上升,然后缓慢下降,出现一个类似峰值点.且温度越高,达到峰值所需的时间越短;随着Te含量的增加,合金硬度减小,而导电率则相对提高.这是由于随时效时间的延长和时效温度的提高,合金发生晶粒长大和第二相析出、从而提高合金硬度和导电率;随时效的进一步进行,部分第二相发生重溶,晶粒进一步长大,合金硬度和导电率缓慢下降.     

单辊旋淬Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si合金的时效性能研究

通过单辊旋淬快速凝固技术得到Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si(质量比)合金薄带,研究时效对快速凝固合金的导电率、显微硬度、拉伸强度的影响。经单辊旋淬得到的合金晶粒细小、组织均匀、无偏析。在400~550℃温度下时效后,合金的导电率、显微硬度和拉伸强度大幅提升。合金随时效时间的延长,导电率呈上升趋势;显微硬度和拉伸强度先升高,达到峰值后下降。合金在450℃时效2 h时获得最佳的综合性能:导电率为46.01%IASC,显微硬度209.7 HV,拉伸强度654.4 MPa。     

时效时间对16NiCo钢微观组织与性能的影响

研究了时效时间对１６ＮｉＣｏ钢微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明：在５１０℃时效，随时间延长，冲击韧性提高，时效时间超过８ｈ后，出现下降趋势，强度硬度开始随时效时间下降缓慢，至８ｈ后下降幅度加大。组织中的Ｍｏ２Ｃ随时效时间的延长，逐渐长大。为使该合金具有良好的强韧性配合在５１０℃下时效时间应小于８ｈ。     

高体积分数挤压铸造铝基复合材料时效特征

采用挤压铸造法制备40 ％SiC_P/LD2复合材料,并对其在不同温度下的时效特征进行了研究。结果表明,高体积分数SiC颗粒的加入带来的弥散强化作用,可以大幅度提高基体合金的硬度和强度,但区别于基体合金和低体积分数复合材料,复合材料本身时效强化效果不明显。高体积分数复合材料峰时效时间较低体积分数缩短,且随时效温度的提高峰时效时间缩短。低温时效时峰值硬度最高且时效动力学较基体合金提前幅度较大。在时效析出过程中,高体积分数复合材料G.P.区的形成受到完全抑制,而β'相热扩散激活能降低,易于析出。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to