Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金的热变形工艺研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上对Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金进行等温压缩试验,建立了该合金在变形温度为350～500℃、应变速率为1～10 s-1条件下的热加工图。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同变形程度下合金的组织和热裂纹,确定了适宜的变形参数。结果表明:Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金高温变形的峰值应力随变形温度的升高而降低,其适宜的热加工温度和应变速率范围为:T440℃,1.4 s-1ε3.5 s-1,单道次变形量小于60%。     

Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr合金的热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr铝合金进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300 ～ 500℃、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1条件下的流变行为,建立合金高温变形的本构方程,采用TEM分析变形过程中合金的组织特征.结果表明:合金变形抗力随变形温度的升高而下降,随应变速率升高而增大.在360 ～400℃范围内变形时,合金组织仅发生动态回复,当变形温度高于400℃以后,合金热变形以动态再结晶为主.应变速率在0.01～1 s-1范围内,不影响合金的变形软化机制,但对合金亚结构的影响较大,随应变速率的增加,位错密度增加,亚晶尺寸减少.此合金适宜的变形条件为变形温度380 ～400℃、应变速率0.1 s-1.     

超细晶不锈钢/TiC复合材料的电化学腐蚀行为

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩试验,研究了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在变形温度250～450℃、应变速率0.001～10 s-1范围内的流变应力行为,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系;并以热压缩试验为基础,建立并初步分析了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金的DMM加工图.结果表明:Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在热压缩过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;流变应力的预测值与试验值较吻合;建立的加工图表明合金高温变形时存在2个失稳区域,而在温度325～425℃、应变速率0.01～0.365 s-1范围内出现1个非失稳区、功率耗散峰值区,该区域最适合Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金进行热加工.     

Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金热压缩变形流变应力本构方程

利用Gleebble-3500热模拟机对Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金进行热压缩变形试验,获得该合金在不同变形温度和应变速率条件下的流变应力本构方程。结果表明:Al-10Zn-1.9Mg-1.7Cu-0.12Zr高锌铝合金的高温流变行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,在获得的流变应力本构方程中A、α和n值分别为4.0934×1016 s-1、0.01145 MPa-1和5.961;其热变激活能为221 569.977 J/mol。     

Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金高温压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机,研究了Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金在变形温度为300~450℃、变形速率为0.002~1s-1及变形量为50%的条件下的高温压缩变形行为,分析了流变应力与应变速率、变形温度的关系,计算了高温变形时变形激活能和应力指数,建立了该合金的本构方程。结果表明:Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金在热变形过程中真应力随着温度的升高而降低,真应力随着应变速率的升高而升高。该合金的流动应力可以用双曲正弦函数来描述。     

Mg-6Zn-1Mn镁合金的热压缩变形行为及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩试验,研究了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在变形温度250～450℃、应变速率0.001～10 s-1范围内的流变应力行为,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系;并以热压缩试验为基础,建立并初步分析了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金的DMM加工图。结果表明:Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在热压缩过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;流变应力的预测值与试验值较吻合;建立的加工图表明合金高温变形时存在2个失稳区域,而在温度325～425℃、应变速率0.01～0.365 s-1范围内出现1个非失稳区、功率耗散峰值区,该区域最适合Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金进行热加工。     

Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr镁合金的热变形行为和加工图(英文)

在温度523～673K,应变率0.001～1s-1条件下,使用Gleeble3800热模拟机研究一种新的四元Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr合金的变形行为。结果表明,流变应力随着变形温度的升高或随着应变率的下降而减小。采用依赖于应变的本构方程和前馈反向传播人工神经网络来预测流变应力,其结果与实验数据吻合很好。热加工图表明,对于经T4处理的Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr合金的热加工,其最佳工作条件为温度643～673K,应变速率0.001～0.01s-1。     

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金本构方程模型及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为623～773K,应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr(wt%)合金进行热压缩实验,研究了该合金热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了该合金热变形时的本构方程和加工图.结果表明,该合金高温变形时的峰值应力随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高而显著减小;变形激活能为289.36kJ/mol;合金高温变形时存在两个失稳区,分别是变形温度为770～773K,应变速率为0.1s-1左右的区域,和变形温度小于750K,应变速率小于0.03s-1的区域;合金的最佳热加工温度为750～773K,应变速率为0.001～0.01s-1.     

Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500 热压缩模拟试验机进行压缩实验,在变形温度为1 100～1 250 ℃、应变速率为10-2～ 1 s-1的范围内,研究Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形行为,并基于动态材料模型,建立Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的加工图.结果表明:Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形流变应力对温度及应变速率敏感;流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小;动态再结晶是导致流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因;Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的安全热加工区域为温度1 200～1 230 ℃,应变速率10-2～10-1 s-1.     

Al-4.7Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr-0.4Er合金高温变形行为

在Gleeble 1500D热模拟仪上进行热压缩实验,研究Al-4.7Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr-0.4Er合金高温变形行为,变形温度为300~500℃,变形速率为0.001~10 s-1,变形后总应变量为0.7。变形温度高于400℃时,真应力-真应变曲线呈现稳态流变,在其他温度下变形真应力-真应变曲线表现为加工硬化。根据动态材料模型建立合金的加工图,在400~500℃和0.001~0.1 s-1变形时加工图上出现一个发生动态回复的峰区,相应的变形激活能为176 kJ/mol,大于纯铝的自扩散激活能,表明合金在该区域变形的机制是位错的交滑移。变形失稳区的组织特征是局部变形。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.