连续玄武岩纤维在军工及民用领域的应用

对连续玄武岩纤维及其优异性能作了简介,重点介绍其在军工及民用领域的重要应用,以及在我国发展的展望,提出了连续玄武岩纤维“发源在苏联、发展在中国”以及“连续玄武岩纤维将改变世界先进材料的格局”等新颖观点．     

连续玄武岩纤维性能及应用

介绍了连续玄武岩纤维的成分以及优良的力学、隔热耐高温、环保、绝缘等性能。依据连续玄武岩纤维的特性,分别阐述其在土工建筑、交通、管道过滤、军工防空等领域已有的应用。最后指出,我国对连续玄武岩纤维及其产业的研发尚处初级阶段,在基础研究、技术研发、产品开发、推广应用等方面还有大量工作要做。     

高性能无机连续纤维

介绍了高性能无机连续纤维的种类,主要品种为玄武岩纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳(石墨)纤维,碳化硅 纤维、氮化硅纤维和氮化硼纤维,并对其发展历史、制备技术、性能及应用领域进行了概述,对无机连续纤维 的发展进行了展望,指出进一步提高性能、降低生产成本将是今后研究的重点。     

连续玄武岩纤维改性方法的研究

简介了连续玄武岩纤维的性能与应用,重点阐述了偶联剂处理法、酸碱处理法、表面涂层法和低温等离子处理法4种常用的对连续玄武岩纤维改性研究方法的研究情况。表明无论采用偶联剂、酸碱、表面涂层和低温等离子处理法,都能有效改善纤维的表面性能,提高纤维与其它材质间的粘接性。指出对连续玄武岩纤维界面性质的基础研究深度不够,是限制连续玄武岩纤维界面改性方法开发和完善的主要原因。     

国外连续玄武岩纤维的发展及其应用

连续玄武岩纤维2002年被列入我国863高科技项目。玄武岩纤维作为一种新型的非金属增强复合材料，有很多优点和特殊的性能。本文根据有关资料、专利和专家在实验室所取得的实验结果，以及国外厂商提供的数据整理而成。文中简要介绍了连续玄武岩纤维的发展历史和制造工艺中的主要技术特点，重点介绍了连续玄武岩纤维的理化性能和应用方面的指标，并对该产品的市场前景进行了展望。     

玄武岩连续纤维材料的性能及其应用

玄武岩连续纤维具有良好的物理性能和化学性能,本文重点介绍了各类玄武岩连续纤维纱、玄武岩连续纤维布、玄武岩连续纤维毡和其他玄武岩连续纤维制品,并对该产品的市场前景进行了展望.     

连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料研究进展

详述了连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的性能特点、研究现状和应用情况，表明连续玄武岩纤维是近年来发展起来的一种新型绿色环保类的矿物纤维，被科学家誉为21世纪的一种新材料，其性能优异，替代性强，在国防军工、造船、汽车等领域广泛应用。     

连续玄武岩纤维研究综述

介绍了连续玄武岩纤维的国内外发展现状、制备方法及应用状况,并对我国连续玄武岩纤维的发展提出了建议。     

玄武岩纤维及其增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机绿色环保高性能纤维材料.综述了玄武岩纤维及其玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料(basalt fiber reinforced cement-based composite)国内外最新研究进展,简要介绍了玄武岩纤维国内外研究进展,玄武岩纤维表面处理技术对界面性能的影响以及对提高复合材料整体性能的必要性,并重点介绍了玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能研究和纤维增强机理以及玄武岩纤维水工混凝土及BFRP加固应用.最后对玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展研究方向进行了展望.     

玄武岩纤维产业的发展综述

综述了玄武岩纤维的国内外发展情况;详细介绍了玄武岩纤维的成分和性能、玄武岩纤维的分类、适于生产连续玄武岩纤维的玄武岩矿石选择标准、生产工艺及工艺水平等;分析了玄武岩纤维的应用领域和应用前景,并提出了发展建议.     

Manufacturing and testing of long basalt fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites

In this work, long basalt fiber reinforced composites were investigated and compared with short basalt fiber reinforced compounds. The results show that long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are particularly advantageous in the respects of dynamic mechanical properties and injection molding shrinkage. The fiber orientation in long basalt fiber reinforced products fundamentally differs from short basalt fiber reinforced ones. This results in more isotropic molding shrinkage in case of long basalt fiber reinforced composites. The main advantage of the used long fiber thermoplastic technology is that the special long fiber reinforced pellet can be processed by most conventional injection molding machines. During extrusion compounding the fibers in the compound containing 30 wt% fibers are fragmented to an average length of 0.48 mm (typical of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic compounds), this length decreases further during injection molding to 0.20 mm. Contrarily using long fiber reinforced pellets and cautious injection molding parameters, an average fiber length of 1.8 mm can be achieved with a conventional injection molding machine, which increased the average length/diameter ratio from 14 to 130. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of silane coupling agents on basalt fiber–epoxidized vegetable oil matrix composite materials analyzed by the single fiber fragmentation technique

The fiber–matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of biobased epoxy composites reinforced with basalt fiber was investigated by the fragmentation method. Basalt fibers were modified with four different silanes, (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, [3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl]‐trimethoxysilane, trimethoxy[2‐(7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐3‐yl)ethyl]silane and (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to improve the adhesion between the basalt fiber and the resin. The analysis of the fiber tensile strength results was performed in terms of statistical parameters. The tensile strength of silane‐treated basalt fiber is higher than the tensile strength of the untreated basalt fiber; this behavior may be due to flaw healing effect on the defected fiber surfaces. The IFSS results on the composites confirm that the interaction between the fiber modified with coupling agents and the bio‐based epoxy resin was much stronger than that with the untreated basalt fiber. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1205–1212, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Development of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites and effect of PE‐g‐MA on composites

The thermoplastic matrix composites have gained great importance in last three decades. The chopped basalt fiber (mineral fiber) is considered to be a good fiber due to excellent properties as potential reinforcement of composite materials. In this work, composites of chopped basalt fiber (6 mm) with thermoplastic material Nylon‐6 (Polyamide‐6) were prepared and its mechanical and morphological properties were evaluated for automobile applications. The melt blending was carried out in corotating twin‐screw extruder and injection‐molded test samples were prepared for the analysis. The test samples of composite without coupling agent prepared by varying the loading of basalt fiber content of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight and with coupling agent composite loading of Nylon‐6 and basalt fiber content were kept constant and the coupling agent (PE‐g‐MA) loading were changed as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 phr. The Mechanical and SEM properties were evaluated. From the test results, it was observed that the mechanical properties were improved with increasing coupling agent ratio. SEM images show good dispersion and adhesion of matrix and reinforcement. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2798–2805, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

玄武岩纤维主要特性研究现状

为了使研究人员更好地了解玄武岩纤维的基本性能,介绍了玄武岩纤维制备原料相关化学成分的要求,对玄武岩纤维的物理特性、化学特性及力学性能进行了综述,并重点阐述了影响玄武岩纤维力学性能的因素,指出玄武岩原料的化学成分、矿物组成与纤维的结构是影响玄武岩纤维基本特性的关键,专用型无机浸润剂是未来浸润剂开发的方向。     

钢筋玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱轴心受压承载能力试验研究

为了研究玄武岩纤维对钢筋混凝土受压构件中增强功能,推进玄武纤维的应用,本文首先对添加0.1%体积掺量的5种长度玄武岩纤维混凝土进行纤维最佳长度研究;得到最佳长度为12 mm玄武岩纤维对混凝土立方体强度增强效果最佳;其次选择12 mm和24 mm的两种玄武岩纤维混凝土最佳掺量进行研究,得到最佳掺量0.15%.在此基础上,本文以体积掺量0.15%,长度为12 mm和24 mm玄武岩纤维混凝土各制作了3根钢筋玄武岩纤维短柱,制作普通钢筋混凝土短柱3根,并对所有试验柱进行了轴心受压极限承载力试验,结果发现,钢筋玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱的轴心受压极限承载能力较普通钢筋混凝土柱最大提高了28%;玄武岩纤维提高了钢筋混凝土短柱的延性.另外,钢筋玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱轴心受压极限承载力试验值大于理论计算值,说明玄武岩纤维不仅提高了混凝土抗压性能,也提高了钢筋和混凝土共同作用效能.     

Synergistic reinforcement of epoxy/basalt fiber composites with dimensionally different nanoparticles

Epoxy/basalt fiber composites were modified by 2D montmorillonite (MMT), 0D nanoSiO₂, or 2D MMT/ 0D nanoSiO₂ double nanoparticles. Mechanical tests showed that all the modified composites had considerably improved interlaminar shear strength and notch impact strength compared with the unmodified epoxy/basalt fiber composites, and that the double nanoparticle‐modified composites displayed the greatest improvement. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that co‐addition of 2D MMT and 0D nanoSiO₂ into epoxy/basalt fiber composites produced a unique microstructure. The MMT was completely exfoliated into nanoscale mono‐sheets and interacted with nanoSiO₂ particles to assemble into networks. The networks trapped many epoxy molecules within them and they tightly surrounded basalt fibers to form buffer layers. These results indicate that double nanoparticles of different dimensionality promote epoxy molecules to infiltrate between, combine with and coat basalt fibers more effectively than single nanoparticles, which facilitates better cooperation of epoxy and basalt fibers in resisting external forces. Modification with dimensionally different nanoparticles is an effective pathway to improve the performance of epoxy/basalt fiber composites and broaden their application fields. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:730–735, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

玄武岩纤维和钢纤维含量对树脂基摩擦材料性能的影响研究

以酚醛树脂、丁腈橡胶、重晶石、玄武岩纤维和钢纤维等为原料进行摩擦材料的制备,研究了玄武岩纤维和钢纤维含量对摩擦材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,当玄武岩纤维含量为10％～25％(质量分数,下同)时,随着纤维含量的减少,摩擦材料的冲击强度增大、压缩强度减小;当纤维总量占30％且玄武岩纤维与钢纤维质量比为1:1时...     

玄武岩纤维增强粉煤灰水泥浆体的耐久性及缺陷分析

采用环境扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了玄武岩纤维的耐酸碱腐蚀性能。通过玄武岩纤维的抗弯增强效果和相对动弹性模量的变化情况评定了玄武岩纤维在水泥基体中的耐久性。用XCT（X-ray computed tomography）研究了玄武岩纤维对掺或不掺粉煤灰的水泥浆体内部缺陷的尺寸与分布的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维的耐酸腐蚀性能优于耐碱腐蚀性能;粉煤灰的掺入能显著提高玄武岩纤维增强水泥的后期抗折强度提高率和相对动弹性模量增长速率;粉煤灰和玄武岩纤维的掺入均使基体内部总的缺陷体积分数增大,但粉煤灰掺入玄武岩纤维水泥浆体明显降低了尺寸在0.007～0.01mm3内的缺陷数量。     

激光改性玄武岩纤维性能研究

采用高能激光束对玄武岩纤维进行表面改性,并制备玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射等手段,表征改性前后玄武岩纤维的微观形态、物相结构,系统研究了激光对纤维的微观组织变化、性能等影响规律,并测试了玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,玄武岩纤维表面缺陷深度和缺陷面积增加。当激光功率由0 W提高至120 W时,表面缺陷最大深度由9 nm增加至180 nm,表面缺陷的分布范围由3.5~6.5 nm增加至90~120 nm,表面粗糙度由1.41 nm增加至24.70 nm。激光改性后,玄武岩纤维单丝拉伸性能降低,由于激光对纤维的辐射作用,玄武岩纤维的表面缺陷深度与拉伸强度的关系不符合经典理论。激光改性前后,玄武岩纤维XRD谱峰位基本一致,表面所含元素的种类没有发生变化。激光改性使玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能有所改善,随着激光功率的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

连续玄武岩纤维在复合材料中应用

连续玄武岩纤维是绿色环保材料,是国家鼓励开发与应用的纤维材料。本文对玄武岩基本情况和连续玄武岩纤维制作等工艺的介绍,根据连续玄武岩纤维的特点,列举出玄武岩纤维长纤增强LFT、玄武岩直接无捻粗纱增强纤维和玄武岩纤维SMC无捻粗纱增强纤维的应用特点和情况,并对连续玄武岩纤维复合材料作了展望,期待有更大的应用范围。