正交异性钢桥肋-桥面板焊缝裂纹的三维断裂力学分析

正交异性钢桥的肋-桥面板焊缝处的疲劳裂纹是典型的三维裂纹问题,但是现在普遍采用平面应变二维裂纹模型对其进行断裂力学分析.基于Schwartz-Neuman交替法建立正交异性钢桥肋-桥面板焊缝裂纹的局部三维断裂力学分析模型;评估焊缝处表面裂纹的形状和深度对应力强度因子的影响;采用Paris公式估算等应力幅下焊缝的疲劳寿命.计算结果表明:用平面应变二维裂纹模型进行正交异性钢桥的肋-面板焊缝的断裂力学分析会严重低估其疲劳寿命;采用三维断裂力学模型进行肋-桥面板焊缝裂纹的疲劳寿命分析十分必要.     

半椭圆表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子的计算

在断裂力学中,如何求取应力强度因子一直是一个重要的课题.该文通过MSC.Marc提供的断裂力学模块,采用三维J积分法计算含有半椭圆表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子.首先通过MSC.Marc.Mentat建立特定裂纹体有限元模型,假设裂纹前缘处在平面应变状态下.由MSC.Marc计算出裂纹前沿的J积分,再由J积分计算出裂纹前缘的应力强度因子值.最后将计算结果与经验公式得到的结果进行了比较.仿真结果表明,通过MSC.Marc采用三维J积分法计算的应力强度因子具有较高的准确性和可靠性.     

CAE在同步辐射装置挡光元件设计中的应用

针对第三代同步辐射装置挡光元件承受极高热负载、设计难度大的问题,综述CAE在其设计中的应用情况:借助有限元分析可以获得挡光元件关键部件吸收体的最高温度和最大应力这两个最主要设计参数;通过计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件模拟可以获得吸收体中冷却管道的对流换热与流动阻力特性参数;采用热弹塑性有限元分析可以获得用于低周疲劳寿命预估的吸收体热应力应变迟滞循环.下一步工作将围绕当今研究的核心问题——基于低周疲劳的设计准则展开,包括同步辐射高热负载作用下低周疲劳裂纹的起裂寿命和扩展寿命预测,以及吸收体倾角、表面光滑度、冷却管道排布等对寿命的影响.这些研究均需要充分利用CAE的强大分析功能.     

滚动接触疲劳载荷对铁轨表面接触疲劳裂纹应力强度系数的影响

为研究轮轨滚动接触疲劳(Rolling Contact Fatigue,RCF)载荷对铁轨表面裂纹应力强度系数的影响,以UIC60铁轨轮廓尺寸为依据建立轮轨接触的三维有限元模型,通过改变RCF载荷大小、轮轨表面摩擦因数和接触中心位置等轮轨接触的输入参数,计算铁轨表面接触裂纹尖端的应力强度系数,分析RCF载荷对铁轨表面接触疲劳裂纹的影响.结果表明RCF载荷作为控制铁轨表面接触裂纹的重要因素,其变化直接导致裂纹尖端应力强度系数的变化,从而改变裂纹的扩展状况.为减缓铁轨表面裂纹的扩展,可以针对载荷采取均匀分布载重量、使用润滑剂降低轮轨摩擦因数等相应措施.     

SLB-Ⅱ数字式裂纹闭合监测仪

<正> 一、概述在裂纹体的断裂和疲劳问题的研究中,关于裂纹尖端的弹塑性行为一直是人们十分关注的课题。这显然是由于它是深入研究材料断裂和疲劳机理的一个重要基础。在周期载荷作用下,微裂纹逐渐扩张,裂纹长度不断增加,直至裂纹体最后断裂的过程,就是疲劳裂纹扩张并导致疲劳破坏的过程。理论和试验研究都证实,裂纹体内的疲劳裂纹只有在裂纹尖端完全张开的条件下才会发生扩张。然而在一个变化的载荷周期内,裂纹尖端并非总是处于张开状态,因此人们把外加拉载荷存在的情况下,裂纹尖端附近的裂纹面仍     

滚动接触疲劳载荷对铁轨表面接触疲劳裂纹应力强度因子的影响

为研究轮轨滚动接触疲劳（Rolling Contact Fatigue,RCF）载荷对铁轨表面裂纹应力强度因子的影响,以UIC60铁轨轮廓尺寸为依据建立轮轨接触的三维有限元模型,通过改变RCF载荷大小、轮轨表面摩擦因数和接触中心位置等轮轨接触的输入参数,计算铁轨表面接触裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,分析RCF载荷对铁轨表面接触疲劳裂纹的影响. 结果表明RCF载荷作为控制铁轨表面接触裂纹的重要因素,其变化直接导致裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化,从而改变裂纹的扩展状况;为减缓铁轨表面裂纹的扩展,可以针对载荷采取均匀分布载重量、使用润滑剂降低轮轨摩擦因数等相应措施.     

计算机在Ti-6Al-4V钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展曲线绘制中的应用

利用当前通用的计算机编程技术,以高级编程语言VB为制作工具,以Origin7.0为作图工具,绘制了铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展曲线.采用该编程技术,实现了参数的随机输入和曲线的动态形成,真实地制作了不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dn)与裂纹尖端应力强度因子(△K)的关系曲线.同时该方法极大地提高了数据处理的效率及准确性.     

橡胶材料疲劳断裂特性研究进展

由于橡胶材料的动态疲劳特性对保证橡胶制品使用时的安全性和可靠性具有重要意义,综述机械载荷、环境和橡胶配方等因素对橡胶材料疲劳寿命的影响,总结用疲劳裂纹萌生寿命法和基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展法预测橡胶材料动态疲劳寿命方法的优缺点,并展望这2种方法的发展趋势.     

基于名义应力法的弹性链型接触网疲劳寿命预测

针对高速铁路弹性链型接触网进行接触线疲劳寿命预测分析.利用ANSYS,采用直接积分法对弓网耦合系统进行动态仿真,得到接触线的应力时程;运用雨流计数法得到离散的应力循环,采用应力修正算法得到平均应力为零的疲劳应力谱;通过简化方法估算获得材料S-N曲线,从而计算得到疲劳破坏次数;最终运用线性累积损伤理论预测接触线的疲劳寿命.对比分析接触线不同位置的疲劳寿命值,结果表明:接触线每跨疲劳寿命趋势一致;每跨在吊弦处和定位点处疲劳寿命较低,其中寿命最低值出现在左侧第一根吊弦处,疲劳寿命最低值为20 a左右.结果可为高速铁路弹性链型接触网接触线的实际施工维护和更换周期的确定提供参考.     

基于Abaqus柔度标定法的Q235材料断裂韧性仿真

为简便、准确地获得Q235材料的应力强度因子值和J积分值,用Abaqus对Q235材料进行有限元仿真,得到三点弯曲试样及其裂纹尖端区域的应力分布情况;针对裂纹尖端的奇异性,引入折叠单元进行裂纹尖端单元的奇异性建模.不同尺寸试件应力强度因子仿真值与试验值基本一致,表明该方法可以准确预测材料断裂参数.     

Simulation of three-dimensional fatigue crack propagation using enriched finite elements

A three-dimensional methodology for simulation of fatigue crack propagation is presented. The method is leveraged by the use of enriched crack tip elements to compute the mixed-mode stress intensity factors. The crack growth model used and the crack propagation life calculation are also described. As examples, fatigue crack propagation of a mode-I surface crack and crack advancements of mixed-mode surface cracks are simulated. The predicted results showed excellent agreement with experimental data from the literature. Thus, it is concluded that the crack propagation method developed allows efficient and accurate simulation of three-dimensional fatigue crack propagation problems.     

Application of an interface failure model to predict fatigue crack growth in an implanted metallic femoral stem

A novel computational modelling technique has been developed for the prediction of crack growth in load bearing orthopaedic alloys subjected to fatigue loading. Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics has been used to define a three-dimensional fracture model, which explicitly models the opening, sliding and tearing process. This model consists of 3D nonlinear spring elements implemented in conjunction with a brittle material failure function, which is defined by the fracture energy for each nonlinear spring element. Thus, the fracture energy criterion is implicit in the brittle material failure function to search for crack initiation and crack development automatically. A degradation function is employed to reduce interfacial fracture properties corresponding to the number of cycles; thus fatigue lifetime can be predicted. Unlike other failure modelling methods, this model predicts the failure load, crack path and residual stiffness directly without assuming any pre-flaw condition. As an example, fatigue of a cobalt based alloy (CoCrMo) femoral stem is simulated. Experimental fatigue data was obtained from four point bending tests. The finite element model simulated a fully embedded implant with a constant point load. Comparison between the model and mechanical test results showed good agreement in fatigue crack growth rate.     

Fatigue life prediction under cyclic thermal loads using the boundary elements method for two-dimensional problems

This study describes a sub-domain boundary element procedure for predicting the fatigue life of elastic media under cyclic transient thermal loads. The procedure assumes an initial crack in a two-dimensional medium, and evaluates the crack extension along a path defined by the maximum circumferential stress criterion. Partial closure may occur on the growing crack faces due to thermal loading. Appropriate thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are imposed on the numerical model to account for the contact state. The analysis requires solutions to the equations of quasi-static thermo-elasticity, and uses an iterative procedure to detect the contact region. We investigate cases of pure opening or mixed mode fracture, demonstrating the effects of crack closure on the predicted fatigue life. We compare the obtained results with those of other publications.     

汽轮机汽缸蠕变-疲劳耦合寿命预测

为探索汽轮机汽缸裂纹产生的原因、带裂纹汽缸的剩余寿命、汽缸延寿等问题,开展蠕变和疲劳交互作用下的汽缸寿命预测。利用有限元计算汽缸在稳态和启停工况下的应力情况。基于蠕变 疲劳耦合理论进行裂纹萌生和扩展的寿命预测,从运行方式和汽缸结构2方面开展优化。研究结果表明：该中压内缸中分面法兰的拐角处存在较大的热应力集中,其寿命损伤大导致裂纹萌生。经过结构修复,机组寿命显著延长。     

Topology optimization considering fracture mechanics behaviors at specified locations

As a typical form of material imperfection, cracks generally cannot be avoided and are critical for load bearing capability and integrity of engineering structures. This paper presents a topology optimization method for generating structural layouts that are insensitive/sensitive as required to initial cracks at specified locations. Based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics model (LEFM), the stress intensity of initial cracks in the structure is analyzed by using singularity finite elements positioned at the crack tip to describe the near-tip stress field. In the topology optimization formulation, the J integral, as a criterion for predicting crack opening under certain loading and boundary conditions, is introduced into the objective function to be minimized or maximized. In this context, the adjoint variable sensitivity analysis scheme is derived, which enables the optimization problem to be solved with a gradient-based algorithm. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method on generating structures with desired overall stiffness and fracture strength property. This method provides an applicable framework incorporating linear fracture mechanics criteria into topology optimization for conceptual design of crack insensitive or easily detachable structures for particular applications.