甲壳素/棉混纺织物的染整加工

为提高甲壳素／棉混纺织物的染色同色性，采用阳离子醚化剂3-氯-2-羟丙基氯化铵进行改性预处理，研究了预处理工艺条件（醚化剂、NaOH用量，处理时间及温度）对织物活性染料染色性能的影响。确定了最佳的阳离子改性工艺条件：阳离子化试剂50g／L，氢氧化钠15g／L，处理时间40min，处理温度60℃。结果表明，在该工艺条件下，甲壳素／棉混纺织物可实现活性染料一浴法染色，同色性得到提高，对抗菌性和皂洗牢度影响小。     

甲壳素／棉混纺织物同色牲的改进方法

甲壳素纤维具有良好的抗茵性能，将其与棉纤维进行混纺得到的织物性能优良。但由于结构上的差异，混纺织物染色时同色性较差，极大的限制了其应用范围。文章介绍了改进甲壳素／棉混纺织物同色性的两种方法．即棉纤维阳离子化预处理法及甲壳素纤维上的氨基封闭法。     

甲壳素/棉混纺织物同色性的改进方法

甲壳素纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,将其与棉纤维进行混纺得到的织物性能优良。但由于结构上的差异,混纺织物染色时同色性较差,极大的限制了其应用范围。文章介绍了改进甲壳素/棉混纺织物同色性的两种方法,即棉纤维阳离子化预处理法及甲壳素纤维上的氨基封闭法。     

PLA/棉混纺织物-浴法染色探讨

采用分散／直接染料一浴一步法和分散／活性染料一浴二步法对PLA／棉混纺织物进行染色，探讨该织物的一浴法染色性能；分析了染料的浓度对织物表现色深K／S值、色度指标L＊、a＊、b＊及耐水洗色牢度的影响。     

真丝/棉混纺织物染色工艺

用活性染料染真丝／棉混纺织物，通常存在真丝上染率低、得色浅、混纺织物同色性差等缺点。根据真丝、棉对酸碱敏感程度的不同，从染料选择、助剂用量及工艺条件的制订等方面进行分析试验。结果表明，采用Sumifix系列染料在pH值4～5，染色温度70℃，染色时间60min，元明粉用量40～50g／L，纯碱用量15g／L的条件下对棉／真丝一浴一步法染色，可获得较佳的同色效应产品。     

粘胶/棉混纺织物专用活性染料的开发及应用

为了解决粘胶/棉混纺织物染色同色性问题,开发了系列粘胶/棉混纺织物专用DCS型活性染料。结果表明：DCS型活性染料在棉织物和粘胶织物上具有较好的同色性。在DCS型活性染料的浸染工艺中,硫酸钠质量浓度可低至30 g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度可低至6 g/L,固色时间在20～60 min。DCS型活性染料染得的咖啡色、草绿色、蓝灰色和紫色等织物具有较好的布面均匀度,各项色牢度较高。     

德绒/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色北大核心

选用中性固色活性染料和分散型阳离子染料,对德绒/棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色探究。试验表明,德绒/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色是可行的,其优化工艺为:硫酸钠25 g/L,渗透剂JFC 0.5 g/L,染浴p H值7,染色温度100℃,染色时间60 min。染色后的混纺织物,表观颜色鲜艳,匀染性较好,但因为染色过程中阳离子染料对棉纤维、活性染料对德绒纤维存在一定的沾色情况,混纺织物染色时的上染率相对单组分纤维染色而言有所降低。     

德绒/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色

选用中性固色活性染料和分散型阳离子染料,对德绒/棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色探究。试验表明,德绒/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色是可行的,其优化工艺为:硫酸钠25 g/L,渗透剂JFC 0.5 g/L,染浴p H值7,染色温度100℃,染色时间60 min。染色后的混纺织物,表观颜色鲜艳,匀染性较好,但因为染色过程中阳离子染料对棉纤维、活性染料对德绒纤维存在一定的沾色情况,混纺织物染色时的上染率相对单组分纤维染色而言有所降低。     

真丝与棉混纺织物染色的同色性研究

用活性染料染真丝／棉混纺织物，通常存在真丝上染率低、色浅、混纺织物同色性差的缺点。通过对染色各工艺条件，如pH值、盐、碱量和温度等的研究，寻求可以提高此混纺织物染色同色性的途径，即真丝／棉混纺织物在酸性条件下用活性染料染色，碱性条件下固色。随染液pH值的降低、元明粉用量增加、纯碱用量减少和保温温度的提高，纤维间的同色性趋好。     

甲壳素/碱处理棉纤维混纺织物的染色性能

采用BES型活性染料对甲壳素/碱处理棉混纺织物进行染色,利用单因素法对染色工艺进行优化.确定了优化的染色工艺条件:染色温度60℃,染料质量分数2％(omf),浴比1∶30,NaCl 15 g/L,染色时间30min,固色时间40 min.在优化染色工艺条件下,甲壳素/碱处理棉混纺织物匀染性更好,染色牢度基本无变化,染料用量节约60％左右.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press