Modeling Strategy for Back-to-Back Three-Level Converters Applied to High-Power Wind Turbines

Three-level converters are becoming a realistic alternative to the conventional converters in high-power wind-energy applications. In this paper, a complete analytical strategy to model a back-to-back three-level converter is described. This tool permits us to adapt the control strategy to the specific application. Moreover, the model of different loads can be incorporated to the overall model. Both control strategy and load models are included in the complete system model. The proposed model pays special attention to the unbalance in the capacitors' voltage of three-level converters, including the dynamics of the capacitors' voltage. In order to validate the model and the control strategy proposed in this paper, a 3-MW three-level back-to-back power converter used as a power conditioning system of a variable speed wind turbine has been simulated. Finally, the described strategy has been implemented in a 50-kVA scalable prototype as well, providing a satisfactory performance     

Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level Converter With Secondary-Voltage Clamping Scheme

A hybrid full-bridge (H-FB) three-level (TL) converter can realize zero-voltage-switching for switches with the use of resonant inductance (including the leakage inductance of the transformer) and intrinsic capacitors of the switches. As it can operate in three-level and two-level (2L) modes, the secondary rectified voltage is always close to the output voltage over the input-voltage range; thus, the output filter requirement is significantly less. Meanwhile, the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes can also be reduced. Therefore, the H-FB TL converter is very attractive for wide input-voltage-range applications. However, there is a serious voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes caused by reverse recovery like the Buck-derived converters. In this paper, two clamping diodes are introduced to the H-FB TL converter to eliminate the voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes. The arrangement of the positions of the resonant inductance and the transformer is discussed. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed in details. A 1.2-kW prototype was built and tested in the laboratory to verify the operation of the proposed converter.     

三电平PWM整流器双闭环控制系统研究

本文对三电平PWM整流器的拓扑结构进行了分析,结合三电平PWM整流器的数学模型,提出了一种固定开关频率的控制方法。采用功率、电流的双闭环策略通过SVPWM对系统进行控制。该方法使用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件仿真,结果表明,该控制方法能保证中点电位平衡、网侧电流谐波小,具有良好的动、静态性能,实现了单位功率因数运行,通过样机实验,验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

Buck三电平变换器中滑模控制应用研究

滑模变结构控制具有鲁棒性强,动态品质好等优点。文中以Buck三电平为例论述利用滑模变结构的理论分析,设计了Buck三电平变换器的方法,详细讨论了滑模面的选取对系统性能的影响,并进行了等效控制、稳定性和存在性的证明。最后将滑模控制buck三电平与传统的PWM控制Buck三电平变换器进行了仿真分析和比较。研究结果验证了滑模变结构控制策略可以大大提高变换器的鲁棒性和动态品质。     

单相三电平PWM整流器电流解耦控制方法

基于单相三电平中点箝位(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)PWM整流器的工作原理,将dq坐标系引入单相整流器,给出了dq坐标系的整流器数学模型。提出了一种电流解耦控制策略,对解耦后的d、q轴电流分别进行比例控制,极大地降低了控制系统设计的复杂性,并具有良好的线性控制特性。计算机仿真和实验结果表明,基于电流解耦控制的PWM整流器功率因数高、动态性能好,验证了该策略是正确可行的。     

基于预测电流控制的三电平并网变流器研究

概述并网用网侧变流器工作原理,分析其工作模式,探讨了基于只与开关频率相关的预测电流控制（PCFF）和电网电压前馈相结合的控制策略,该策略能够弥补三电平变流器直流侧电容电压不平衡的先天性缺陷,而且PCFF控制下的系统有快速的动态响应,特别易于数字化实现。构建仿真模型分析验证了控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

降压型直流转换器三角波电压前馈控制技术

研究了一种降压型直流转换器的三角波电压前馈控制技术.根据其开环模型,推导出连续导通模式下的开环输入/输出电压小信号关系,并给出前馈系数的取值范围.在输入电压Vi=7～15 V、输出电压Vo=5 V的条件下,对前馈控制电路进行测试.结果表明,前馈确实提高了电路输入瞬态响应与负载调节能力,其电压调节能力与电源抑制能力取决于对前馈通路交流传递函数的设置.     

双星型模块组合型多电平变换器的PWM控制策略

双星型模块组合型多电平变换器(MMC)具有良好的可扩展性、模块化、故障无损特性,是一种能很好满足未来高压或中压功率变换需求的拓扑。然而,很少文章对其PWM调制策略及参考电压指令生成方法进行详细的分析和讨论。基于MMC的电路结构特点和基本工作原理,本文提出一种优化的载波移相SPWM控制策略和电压控制策略,无需额外的硬件电路,即可实现对MMC功率单元直流电容电压良好的均压控制效果。通过一台5电平三相MMC的仿真结果,详细分析了其动态特性、静态特性,验证了本文控制策略的有效性以及MMC的可行性。     

重复控制技术在三相电压型PWM变流器中的应用

矢量控制用于三相电压型PWM变流器时,能够使系统得到较好的动静态特性,但当直流侧接入非阻性负载时,直流侧电压会出现较大纹波,造成输入电流THD值增大。利用重复控制的特点,提出了一种基于矢量控制和重复控制结合的控制方法。实验结果表明,该方法有效地降低了三相电压型PWM变流器输入电流的THD值,使系统达到了更好的性能。     

倍流整流方式ZVS PWM全桥变换器的控制系统设计

采用了一种将峰值电流控制模式与移相软开关技术相结合的移相控制全桥(FB)ZVS—PWM变换器。阐述了峰值电流控制的各项特点，给出了实际斜坡补偿电路及设计方法。仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

重复控制技术在三相电压型PWM变流器中的应用

矢量控制用于三相电压型PWM变流器时,能够使系统得到较好的动静态特性,但当直流侧接入非阻性负载时,直流侧电压会出现较大纹波,造成输入电流THD值增大。利用重复控制的特点,提出了一种基于矢量控制和重复控制结合的控制方法,实验结果表明,该方法有效的降低了三相电压型PWM变流器输入电流的THD值,使系统达到了更好的性能。     

基于虚拟电网磁链定向的三电平PWM整流器矢量控制研究

为实现无网侧电压传感器的三电平PWM整流器控制,在分析三电平PWM整流器数学模型的基础上,采用一种新颖的虚拟磁链观测器,提出了基于虚拟电网磁链定向的三电平PWM整流器矢量控制策略,在双三电平变频器系统中对其进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,该控制系统可提高整流器功率因数,并具有良好的动静态特性。     

PWM半桥变换器电路仿真

随着电力电子技术的迅速发展,PWM型DC-DC变换器的应用日益广泛。如今,高性能、高效率、小型化和轻量化越来越成为各类DC-DC变换器追求的目标。文中优选电路结构简单、容易控制的半桥电路作为直直变换拓扑,在剖析了脉宽调制对称半桥变换器工作原理及特性后,设计出270 V直流输入、360 V直流输出、输出功率为500 W变换器的相关参数。切实了解SG1525芯片脉冲产生原理后,设计出控制电路参数,从而搭建出完整的闭环系统。详尽分析了所得出仿真结果,并以此验证了理论分析和工程设计的正确性。     

Discontinuous Space-Vector Modulation for Three-Level PWM Rectifiers

This paper presents the implementation and experimental verification of two discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) methods for three-phase, three-level rectifiers. DPWM's features, such as improved waveform quality, lower switching losses, reduced ac-side passive component size, are investigated and compared to the conventional continuous pulsewidth modulation (CPWM). These features allow higher power density and/or efficiency to be achieved and are important targets for the next generation of power rectifiers. The implementation of the two DPWM strategies is explained by means of space-vectors representation and modulation functions. A detailed analysis of both ac-side and dc-side current waveforms is presented, and there is excellent agreement between the analytical, simulated and experimental results for the mains current ripple amplitude and output center-point current over the practical modulation range. Finally, the control of the center-point voltage is discussed.     

Fuzzy Switching Technique Applied to PWM Boost Converter Operating in Mixed Conduction Mode for PV Systems

Due to the variation of the maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) generators with solar radiation and temperature, boost DC-DC converters placed between PV modules and inverters in grid-connected PV systems have to be controlled in a variable operating-point condition. In addition, inductor current dynamics changes suddenly when moving from continuous to discontinuous conduction mode. The previous difficulties make the design of reliable and fast control laws for the input voltage of boost converters complicated. The aim of this paper is to propose a control algorithm based on cascaded-loop control. The input voltage is controlled by the outer loop. The inductor current is controlled by an inner loop strategy which is able to perform in mixed conduction mode, owing to the fuzzy switching technique. Simulation and experimental results for a 10-kW boost converter show that the proposed strategy achieves an accurate and robust performance at every operating point, even if the inductor value varies in a wide range; thus, fast MPP tracking techniques can be implemented. An additional advantage is that constant switching frequency is achieved.     

西门子的优化三电平PWM信号生成方法

本文介绍西门子公司使用的优化三电平PWM信号生成方法,它基于三角载波比较法,计算量少,响应快,实现简单,输出谐波小,有直流母线中点电压自平衡能力。其特点是能解决输最窄脉冲限制影响输出电压波形问题,允许开关频率小于500Hz,且每周期开和关的次数不大于1,开关损耗小。     

三相电压型PWM变流器的线性化状态反馈解耦控制

三相电压型PWM变流器在实现能量变换的同时可以消除谐波、实现单位功率因数运行,是一个多输入多输出的非线性系统。文章建立了基于开关函数的变流器数学模型,采用非线性变换以及引入变流器交直流侧的动态功率平衡两种方案相结合,得到了线性化的变流器数学模型。在线性化数学模型的基础上,提出了电压型PWM变流器的线性化状态反馈解耦控制。仿真结果表明该控制策略能较好地实现三相电压型PWM变流器有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,具有较好的动态特性,而且网侧电流谐波含量很低。