光栅折射率调制对光纤Bragg光栅特性的影响

文章基于耦合模理论,采用传输矩阵法数值分析了光栅折射率调制对光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)特性的影响.结果表明:随着折射率调制深度的加深,光栅的反射谱峰值波长发生蓝移,峰顶变得平坦;光栅时延的最小值发生在光栅的Bragg波长处;峰值反射率增大,峰值半宽(FWHM)呈线性变化.     

线阵InGaAs扫描FBG反射谱的传感解调方法

研究并实现了一种基于256像元线阵InGaAs扫描的光纤布拉格光栅传感解调系统。针对线阵InGaAs探测器,分析了光纤光栅反射谱中心波长定位原理,可实现多个FBG光谱的同时解调,单通道解调传感器数量取决于FBG的带宽和中心波长漂移范围。对256个像素点的光谱数据,通过设置的阈值判断反射谱的个数,分别对每一个谱峰进行拟合,基于高斯指数曲线模型实现了寻峰算法,获得了中心波长。搭建FBG解调系统采集光谱数据,寻峰算法的稳定性达到0.5 pm。该解调方法无机械移动部件,实现了多光纤光栅波长寻峰的并行快速响应,波长解调范围为1 525～1 570 nm,为多光纤光栅传感提供了高速解调方案。     

基于莫尔效应的光纤光栅变迹的研究

从理论上分析了利用莫尔效应进行变迹所引起的光纤光栅反射谱和色散特性的变化 ,指出由于莫尔条纹状的折射率调制使平均有效折射率在光栅区维持不变 ,所以可以实现纯变迹。与此成为对照的是 ,常用的升余弦函数变迹由于存在F P腔效应 ,因此在短波边的边模抑制效果不够满意。利用拉伸和二次曝光法产生的莫尔效应 ,实现了对光纤光栅的纯变迹 ,边模抑制比比相同工艺条件下的未变迹提高了约 6dB。     

光纤布拉格光栅的折射率传感研究

采用光纤布拉格光栅制备折射率传感器,研究光纤光栅的折射率传感灵敏度与其包层直径之间的关系。理论分析可得,光栅包层直径越小,Bragg波长的偏移量随环境折射率变化的影响越大,这样就能使实验中光栅所反射的LD光功率变化(传感灵敏度)越明显。利用氢氟酸溶液腐蚀光栅包层的方法,得到不同包层直径的光纤Bragg光栅折射率传感器。实验指出,包层直径减小时,光栅可传感的折射率范围会缩小,而其折射率的传感灵敏度却会增大,如包层直径为8.9 μm时,折射率的检测范围为1.3872~1.4730,其最大灵敏度值达到了224.0320 dBm/RIU。     

改进的小波变换用于处理FBG信号

解调系统是光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感技术的核心。信号去噪和峰值搜索是影响FBG 传感系统精确解调的两个重要因素。为提高测量精度,文中针对传统方法存在的缺陷,提出了一种新的FBG 波长解调方法,此解调方法由一种改进的去噪方法与高斯拟合寻峰算法组成。采用平移不变量小波与文中提出的改进阈值和改进阈值函数相结合的方法来处理FBG 含噪信号;然后采用高斯拟合寻峰算法对去噪信号作进一步解调。实验结果表明,改进阈值的平移不变量小波能处理不同的FBG 含噪信号,该方法获得的信噪比和均方差性能优于传统小波阈值去噪法以及其他改进的小波去噪法;该改进小波的波长解调方法测量的峰值误差低于1pm,比常用的波长解调方法具有更高的测量精度。     

Strong photoinduced Bragg gratings in arsenic selenide optical fibre using transverse holographic method

Fabrication of strong fibre Bragg gratings in singlemode arsenic selenide (As₂Se₃) fibre for use at telecom wavelengths by the transverse holographic method is reported. Photoinduced decrease in the material refractive index was achieved using low-intensity CW illumination at a wavelength of 785 nm. A peak grating strength of 23.7 dB is seen, with inferred change in the average refractive index as large as 4.7 times 10^-3.     

?/4-shifted InGaAsP/InP DFB lasers by simultaneous holographic exposure of positive and negative photoresists

?/4-shifted InGaAsP/InP DFB lasers were fabricated by a novel method, that is, simultaneous holographic exposure of positive and negative photoresists. The ?/4-phase-shift in the first-order corrugations formed on an InP substrate was confirmed through SEM views and diffracted beam patterns. A strong resonance peak below the threshold and single-wavelength operation above it at the Bragg wavelength were observed.     

双偏振微结构光纤光栅的折射率传感特性分析

研究了微结构光纤(MOF)布拉格光栅(FBG)的双偏振折射率传感特性。利用有限元方法对保偏微结构光纤(PM-MOF)的传输特性进行了分析,计算了传输特性曲线,分析了该种光纤单模传输的范围。同时结合耦合模理论,仿真了该种光纤均匀布拉格光栅在充入不同介质时的反射谱,得到两个偏振模LP0x1和LP0y1的中心波长差与介质折射率的关系曲线,通过特性曲线拟合出相应公式。同时,仿真了该光纤光栅的温度特性,研究结果表明,两个偏振模中心波长对温度响应相似,因此利用双偏振差分的方式来探测,具有较强的抗干扰能力,这一特性为光纤生物传感器的应用提供了理论依据。     

Modeling of nonideal volume Bragg reflection gratings in photosensitive glass using a perturbed transmission matrix approach

Reflection spectra of volume Bragg gratings written in bulk photosensitive silicate glass for wavelength division multiplexing applications are modeled using a transmission matrix approach. This allows for the examination of the effects of spatial perturbations along the grating due to chirp, apodization, compositional inhomogeneities, and index contrast saturation leading to reflection spectra that are asymmetric about the Bragg peak. Effects of the nonlinear relationship between index contrast in the glass and exposure flux on the reflection spectrum is also studied. Volume Bragg gratings are fabricated in UV exposure-sensitive silicate glasses containing alkali-halide nano-crystalline domains, and their reflection spectra are compared with calculation. The magnitude and uniformity of the index changes observed in our glass gratings make them useful in a wide range of wavelength multiplexing applications.     

Optically pumped epitaxial GaAs waveguide lasers with distributed Bragg reflectors

Fabrication and characteristics of epitaxial waveguide lasers with distributed Bragg reflectors are described. GaAs-(GaAl)As double-layered structures were grown by conventional liquid-phase-epitaxy (LPE) technique. Periodic corrugations were made by chemical etching through a photoresist grating mask. Laser action with clearly defined logitudinal modes was observed under optical pumping at liquid-nitrogen temperature.     

光纤光栅解调系统的寻峰算法研究

为了提高光纤光栅波长解调系统的反射谱寻优精度,利用遗传算法的未成熟收敛性进行了研究.阐明了遗传算法提高解调精度的原理,以可调谐F-P腔的光纤光栅解调系统为基础,验证了算法的可行性和可靠性.使用MAT-LAB对F-P腔滤波光纤光栅解调系统的反射光谱进行寻峰,得到传感光纤光栅的中心波长.分析了算法中初始种群数量、遗传代数、变异率对的寻优结果影响,并得到一组最佳遗传算法参量.算法精度达到3pm数量级,50次重复计算数据标准差小于0.5pm.结果表明,该算法稳定高效、实用性强,可以显著减小噪声对光纤光栅传感系统的影响,提高解调精度.     

一种新颖的宽带光纤光栅透射谱测量方法

本文在理论分析基础上,用一种新颖的波长扫描光源,并采用自相关、波长解调装置,实现了宽带光纤光栅透射谱的测量。实验结果与精密光谱仪测量比较,误差小于5%,并与理论分析较好地符合。     

Bragg Grating Formation in B／Ge Codoped Optical Fibers

A 2-cm long Bragg grating with reflectivity of - 99.95 % in B/Ge codoped optical fiber without hydrogen loading was created by phase-mask method with a pulsed KrF excimer laser at 248 nm. DC and AC components of refractive index change were analyzed by monitoring transmission spectrum evolution during the writing process of fiber Bragg grating. The relations of the evolution of center wavelength and reflectivity with number of pulses were respectively investigated.     

Electron beam direct-write tunable polymeric waveguide grating filter

We report a tunable electron beam direct-write polymeric waveguide Bragg grating filter based on a negative tone epoxy, The waveguide filter, with a 5-mm-long first-order grating, exhibits a transmission peak of -27 dB and a 3-dB bandwidth of /spl sim/0.8 nm, and there is an excellent agreement between experimental data and simulation results. The temperature response of the filter is also characterized. The rate of change of refractive index dn/dT is /spl sim/ -1.8 /spl times/ 10/sup -4///spl deg/1C at 1550-nm wavelength for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, and the rate of change of peak wavelength d/spl lambda//dT is /spl sim/ -0.14 nm//spl deg/C. The tuning performance is comparable to other grating devices fabricated using multiple processing steps.     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器频率调谐技术研究

在分析了光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器(FBG-ECL)基本特性的基础上,调研了适用于该类型激光器的频率调谐方法,包括温度调谐法和应力调谐法,选取轴向应力调谐法改变光纤光栅的布拉格中心波长,进而实现频率调谐。利用压电陶瓷(PZT)来对光纤光栅施加轴向应力,通过调整PZT驱动电压值的大小来控制光纤光栅布拉格中心波长的变化量。实验结果表明,对于波长1550 nm的光纤光栅激光器,当PZT的驱动电压增加到126 V时,可实现 0.8 nm,即100 GHz的调谐范围以及每周期2 ms的调谐速度。     

基于倾斜光纤光栅及其表面等离子效应的折射率传感比较研究(英文)

介绍了倾斜光纤光栅作为折射率传感器的测量原理,给出它的倾斜角8°与中心波长1550nm的反射谱与透射谱,分析了具有表面等离子的倾斜光纤光栅传感机理。为验证折射率传感的可能性与优点,进行了蔗糖浓度溶液的裸倾斜光纤光栅与镀金的倾斜光纤光栅的折射率测量分析,证明镀金后的表面等离子效应倾斜光纤光栅折射率传感器其灵敏度大大增加。     

Thermal tuning of chirped SOI sidewall grating for tunable wavelength, delay, and bandwidth

In this work, we design a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) sidewall grating with tunable wavelength, delay, and bandwidth through thermal tuning. Incorporating uniform sidewall corrugations and a linearly chirped rib waveguide, the thermo-optic effect imposed on chirped rib waveguide changes the effective refractive index, due to the resultant of the temperature gradient. Consequently, tunable wavelength, delay, and bandwidth in SOI sidewall grating are achieved. In the numerical simulations, the designed SOI grating is demonstrated with a tunable wavelength from 1 560.7 nm to 1 561.9 nm, a tunable delay from 0 to 38 ps, and a tunable bandwidth from 1 nm to 1.5 nm.     

Reflection spectra of fiber Bragg gratings with random fluctuations

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with random fluctuations are investigated theoretically by using the coupled-mode theory. The fluctuation of the period causes interference inside the grating, which makes some light with wavelength inside the reflection bandwidth transmit through the grating and thus split the reflection spectrum. Simulation results show that low-frequency disturbed random fluctuation easily forms interference because the coupling wavelength in different position of the grating is different, while small high-frequency disturbed random fluctuation has almost no influence on the reflection spectrum and large high-frequency disturbed random fluctuation makes the grating incontinuous, which results in the interference. At the same time, a numerical method based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta formula is developed to solve the coupled equations directly. By using this method, a grating with complex index modulation does not need to be treated as a superposition of a set of uniform grating with sinusoidal index modulation through the Fourier transform.     

光折变全息光栅扭曲对波分复用应用的影响

介绍了光折变全息生成的布拉格光栅由于扭曲而对波分复用应用的影响，提供了一种在器件制作前预先了解光栅扭曲对器件性能影响大小的方法。使用傅里叶分析的方法，对布拉格光栅扭曲引起的相位改变做了修正计算。对修正了相位的光栅，采用严格耦合波分析，计算了光折变全息应用于波分复用的频谱响应。并用该方法计算了不同程度的光栅扭曲造成的频谱响应变化，证明光栅扭曲会直接造成器件衍射效率下降，旁瓣增大．从而使串扰增大，是光折变全息应用于波分复用必须考虑的重要因素之一。对光折变相位光栅衍射图像数据采集的过程作了介绍，并在此基础上将记录了光栅的晶体进行波分复用损耗和串扰特性的测试，实验结果证明提供的方法能够有效预知光折变全息光栅扭曲对器件综合性能的影响。     

Analysis of large-signal dynamic characteristics of 10-Gb/s tunable distributed Bragg reflector lasers integrated with electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier based on the time-dependent transfer matrix method

We investigate large-signal dynamic characteristics of tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers with different structures. Because of high chirp and complex structures of tunable DBR lasers, it is difficult to accurately analyze large signal chirp and output pulse shapes with analytical models. Therefore, we apply a numerical model based on the time-dependent transfer matrix method to tunable DBR lasers integrated with electroabsorption modulator (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Using this model, we find a suitable /spl alpha/-parameter range in the Bragg grating section (/spl alpha//sub Bragg/-parameter) that produces the tolerable wavelength chirp while maintaining a proper tuning range. To employ the tunable lasers in wavelength division multiplexed networks and improve flexibility of the networks, the tunable lasers should have high output power and low wavelength chirp. According to our simulation results, the EAM section had better be located in between SOA and DBR laser sections to obtain high output power and low wavelength chirp.