广西银亿400 kt/a硫磺制酸汽轮机驱动离心风机试车实践

介绍了广西银亿400kt/a硫磺制酸工程调速式汽轮机驱动离心风机试车情况。根据制订的试车方案,顺利实施了汽轮机单机试车、风机与汽轮机联机试车、风机带负荷吹扫设备和管道等试车步骤。对试车过程中遇到问题进行了分析及处理,建议增设风机进口阀门并调整焚硫炉进气管道阀门位置,以利于风机试车和正常生产。     

新建聚酯装置试车及准备工作

提出了新建聚酯装置投产前工作准备和试车工作的要点,包括网络计划的编制,设备及管道系统的清洗,装置的标定,泄漏试验,联动试车及投料试车。     

新疆独山子14万吨／年乙烯装置试车总结

本文介绍了新疆独山子乙烯装置无乙烯开车的难点分析及提出的相应对策，同时报道了乙烯装置试车的基本情况及试车进程。从裂解炉抽油到乙烯精馏塔采合格的聚合级乙烯产品，只有季７．４天，料试车一次成功。本文还客观分析了试车故障，总结了乙烯试车的几点经验体会，给我国一些新建的乙烯装置及将投料试车的乙烯装置提供一些经验和教训。     

化工装置试车的相关问题探讨

化工装置试车是化工项目建设的重要组成部分,按照相关规定和要求,编制总体试车方案和配套细化方案,做好试车前的生产准备、预试车、化工投料试车及生产考核工作,可为装置投产后运行的"安、稳、长、满"奠定良好的基础。     

衢化硫酸车间原料工段试车总结

一、试车概况 原料工段在各设备单体和空负荷联动试车正常后,于1962年8月份开始联动负荷试车。借此为全系统化工试车备足合格的粉矿,更主要是进一步考察各设备的运转及生产情况。在10月份车间进入全系统化工试车时,原料工段的试车基本上达到了正常。     

大型冷凝式汽轮机单机试车简介

1前言 随着科学技术的不断发展,石化装置逐渐趋向大型化发展,大型离心压缩机组也被愈来愈多的用在石化行业的各种不同装置中,尤其是采用蒸汽汽轮机驱动的机组,如何保证机组的单机试车是装置能否按时交工的关键所在.本文结合机组的单机试车经验,从机组的试车准备、系统调试及机组单机试车,介绍了冷凝式汽轮机单机试车的程序及试车注意事项.     

中国石化工程建设项目生产准备与试车管理探索与实践

介绍了中国石化工程建设项目管理模式、建设阶段划分及特点,重点介绍生产准备与试车管理方面探索与实践的经验体会,包括组织、人员、技术、资金、物资、外部条件准备工作、企业安全文化建设,以及单机试车、中间交接、联动试车、投料试车、试车总结、生产考核、竣工验收等方面。     

离心式压缩机首次试车总结

本文介绍了某石化工程的离心压缩机的基本概况,阐述了压缩机首次试车的过程,并针对氮气负荷试车、氢气负荷试车不同阶段出现的试车问题,提出原因分析和解决措施,以确保开工质量及压缩机长周期安全运行。     

2EP200—20／1.057离心式煤气压缩机空气负荷试车

介绍了离心式煤气压缩机用空气负荷试车的相似模化计算，确定了空气试车工艺参数及方案，保证了试车的可行性和安全性。     

新氯气处理装置运行总结

介绍了新建氯气处理装置的工艺过程特点、试车初期出现的一系列问题及解决办法,通过新建装置试车过程及投产后经济效益的分析,指出试车初期可能遇到的问题有:氯中水含量超标,氯气纯度低,透平机未达设计能力。     

Two Volatile Organic Compounds Trigger Plant Self-Defense against a Bacterial Pathogen and a Sucking Insect in Cucumber under Open Field Conditions

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant self-defense mechanism against a broad-range of pathogens and insect pests. Among chemical SAR triggers, plant and bacterial volatiles are promising candidates for use in pest management, as these volatiles are highly effective, inexpensive, and can be employed at relatively low concentrations compared with agrochemicals. However, such volatiles have some drawbacks, including the high evaporation rate of these compounds after application in the open field, their negative effects on plant growth, and their inconsistent levels of effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of volatile organic compound (VOC)-mediated induced resistance against both the bacterial angular leaf spot pathogen, Pseudononas syringae pv. lachrymans, and the sucking insect aphid, Myzus persicae, in the open field. Using the VOCs 3-pentanol and 2-butanone where fruit yields increased gave unexpectedly, a significant increase in the number of ladybird beetles, Coccinella septempunctata, a natural enemy of aphids. The defense-related gene CsLOX was induced by VOC treatment, indicating that triggering the oxylipin pathway in response to the emission of green leaf volatiles can recruit the natural enemy of aphids. These results demonstrate that VOCs may help prevent plant disease and insect damage by eliciting induced resistance, even in open fields.     

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in Plants Grown in Salty Soil in Response to Inoculation with Halophilic Bacteria

Soil salinity is an increasing problem facing agriculture in many parts of the world. Climate change and irrigation practices have led to decreased yields of some farmland due to increased salt levels in the soil. Plants that have tolerance to salt are thus needed to feed the world’s population. One approach addressing this problem is genetic engineering to introduce genes encoding salinity, but this approach has limitations. Another fairly new approach is the isolation and development of salt-tolerant (halophilic) plant-associated bacteria. These bacteria are used as inoculants to stimulate plant growth. Several reports are now available, demonstrating how the use of halophilic inoculants enhance plant growth in salty soil. However, the mechanisms for this growth stimulation are as yet not clear. Enhanced growth in response to bacterial inoculation is expected to be associated with changes in plant gene expression. In this review, we discuss the current literature and approaches for analyzing altered plant gene expression in response to inoculation with halophilic bacteria. Additionally, challenges and limitations to current approaches are analyzed. A further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in enhanced plant growth when inoculated with salt-tolerant bacteria will significantly improve agriculture in areas affected by saline soils.     

Fuel allocation in dual-purpose plants

Exergy provides the cost accounting equations for allocating energy in any plant. Sets of complex auxiliary equations can be derived to allocate energy cost for each plant item and system. Here a simplified alternate method has been developed utilizing the First Law of Thermodynamics with consideration of the cost factors to distribute fuel in dual-purpose boiler turbine generator (BTG)-MSF plants. The method is based on a formulation of an ideal point at which power and water products are equivalent.     

醋酸正丁酯在醋酸精制中的应用

在稀醋酸提浓装置中用醋酸正丁酯与醋酸异丙酯作共沸剂,对其两者的投资、运行、消耗、能力、稳定时间等进行了比较。在聚乙烯醇(PVA)扩产过程中,回收采用醋酸正丁酯系统提浓稀醋酸投资省、消耗低、易稳定．年创效益140万元。     

Cytokinin Confers Brown Planthopper Resistance by Elevating Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Rice

Plants have evolved a sophisticated defense system that employs various hormone pathways to defend against attacks by insect pests. Cytokinin (CK) plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance, but the role of CKs in plant–insect interaction remains largely unclear. Here, we report that CKs act as a positive regulator in rice resistance against brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating insect pest of rice. We found that BPH feeding promotes CK biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Exogenous application of CKs significantly increased the rice resistance to BPH. Increasing endogenous CKs by knocking out cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKXs) led to enhanced resistance to BPH. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of JA-responsive genes were elevated by CK treatment and in OsCKXs knockout plants. Furthermore, JA-deficient mutant og1 was more susceptible to BPH, and CK-induced BPH resistance was suppressed in og1. These results indicate that CK-mediated BPH resistance is JA-dependent. Our findings provide the direct evidence for the novel role of CK in promoting insect resistance, and demonstrate that CK-induced insect resistance is JA-dependent. These results provide important guidance for effective pest management strategies in the future.     

The Role of Strigolactones in Nutrient-Stress Responses in Plants

Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones, which have been intensively investigated during the last few years. The wide spectrum of SLs actions, including the regulation of shoot/root architecture, and the stimulation of the interactions between roots and fungi or bacteria, as well as the stimulation of germination of parasitic plants, indicates that this group of hormones may play an important role in the mechanisms that control soil exploration, and the root-mediated uptake of nutrients. Current studies have shown that SLs might be factors that have an influence on the plant response to a deficiency of macronutrients. Experimental data from the last four years have confirmed that the biosynthesis and exudation of SLs are increased under phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency. All these data suggest that SLs may regulate the complex response to nutrient stress, which include not only the modification of the plant developmental process, but also the cooperation with other organisms in order to minimize the effects of threats. In this paper the results of studies that indicate that SLs play an important role in the response to nutrient stress are reviewed and the consequences of the higher biosynthesis and exudation of SLs in response to phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency are discussed.     

智能化生产技术在炼化一体化项目上的应用策略探讨

从全厂自动化工程实施角度,分析及总结国外石油化工智能化生产技术现状与发展趋势。借鉴国内外著名石油化工企业的全厂智能化总体解决方案和应用经验,并结合正在实施的某大型炼化一体化项目,对智能化生产技术在世界级炼油化工一体化项目上的应用策略进行了探讨。     

Root Exposure to 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Affects Leaf Element Accumulation,Isoprene Emission,Phytohormonal Balance,and Photosynthesis of Salt-Stressed Arundo donax

Arundo donax has been recognized as a promising crop for biomass production on marginal lands due to its superior productivity and stress tolerance. However, salt stress negatively impacts A. donax growth and photosynthesis. In this study, we tested whether the tolerance of A. donax to salinity stress can be enhanced by the addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a known promoter of plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Our results indicated that root exposure to ALA increased the ALA levels in leaves along the A. donax plant profile. ALA enhanced Na⁺ accumulation in the roots of salt-stressed plants and, at the same time, lowered Na⁺ concentration in leaves, while a reduced callose amount was found in the root tissue. ALA also improved the photosynthetic performance of salt-stressed apical leaves by stimulating stomatal opening and preventing an increase in the ratio between abscisic acid (ABA) and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), without affecting leaf methanol emission and plant growth. Supply of ALA to the roots reduced isoprene fluxes from leaves of non-stressed plants, while it sustained isoprene fluxes along the profile of salt-stressed A. donax. Thus, ALA likely interacted with the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and modulate the synthesis of either ABA or isoprene under stressful conditions. Overall, our study highlights the effectiveness of ALA supply through soil fertirrigation in preserving the young apical developing leaves from the detrimental effects of salt stress, thus helping of A. donax to cope with salinity and favoring the recovery of the whole plant once the stress is removed.     

双膜法在瑞源水厂处理氟化物和硫酸盐中的应用

武城县瑞源水厂以南水北调东段末端调蓄水库大屯水库为水源,原水中氟化物和硫酸盐超标,采用常规处理+臭氧-活性炭工艺并不能去除氟化物和硫酸盐,此次水厂升级改造采用超滤-反渗透双膜法对活性炭滤池出水进行深度处理。膜车间出水与活性炭池出水以1∶2勾兑后,氟化物浓度≤1 mg/L,硫酸盐浓度≤250 mg/L,水质达标,运行稳定。通过对工艺设计参数及运行效果现状分析,总结了双膜法在工艺设计及水厂运行方面的经验,建议工程设计处理氟化物和硫酸盐时采用双膜法,运行时加强数据监控,及时进行清洗护理工作,以延长膜组件使用寿命,降低水厂运行成本。     

Response of Two Crop Plants,Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., to Diclofenac and Naproxen

Among numerous contaminants, the ubiquitous occurrence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment and their plausible harmful impact on nontarget organisms have made them one of the most important areas of concern in recent years. Crop plants can also potentially be exposed to NSAIDs, since the concentration of these pharmaceuticals is constantly rising in the surface water and soil. Our goal was to evaluate the stress response of two crop plants, maize and tomato, to treatment with selected NSAIDs, naproxen and diclofenac. The focus of the research was on the growth response, photosynthetic efficiency, selected oxidative stress factors (such as the H₂O₂ level and the rate of lipid peroxidation) as well as the total phenolic content, which represents the non-enzymatic protectants against oxidative stress. The results indicate that susceptibility to the NSAIDs that were tested is dependent on the plant species. A higher sensitivity of tomato manifested in growth inhibition, a decrease in the content of the photosynthetic pigments and a reduction in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and the activity of PSII, which was estimated using the F_v/F_m and F_v/F₀ ratios. Based on the growth results, it was also possible to reveal that diclofenac had a more toxic effect on tomato. In contrast to tomato, in maize, neither the content of the photosynthetic pigments nor growth appeared to be affected by DFC and NPX. However, both drugs significantly decreased in maize F_v and F_m, which are particularly sensitive to stress. A higher H₂O₂ concentration accompanied, in most cases, increasing lipid peroxidation, indicating that oxidative stress occurred in response to the selected NSAIDs in the plant species that were studied. The higher phenolic content of the plants after NSAIDs treatment may, in turn, indicate the activation of defense mechanisms in response to the oxidative stress that is triggered by these drugs.