ZA—90甲苯歧化或烷基转移催化剂的首次工业应用

研制成功的ＺＡ－９０高硅丝光沸石甲苯歧或基转移催化剂，在反应压力３．０ＭＰａ、ＬＨＳＶ１．２ｈ＾－１、氢烃分子比６．７／１下反庆１０００小时，反应温度３９０４０５℃，转化率４２．２８ｍｏｌ％。选择性９７．５４ｍｏｌ％。在引进装置上工业应用近四年来，反应压力２．２ＭＰａＬＨＳＶ不大于０．３６ｈ＾－１，产物中苯加二甲苯为４１．８１ｍｏｌ％，芳烃收率９８．６９ｍｏｌ％，反应温度低，提温速度慢，现仍继续使     

硫代硫酸盐法添加氯化钠和十二烷基磺酸钠浸取金矿

对湖北氧化铁型金矿进行了Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３法添加ＮａＣｌ而不加Ｃｕ２＋的浸取条件优化研究,当［Ｓ２Ｏ２－３］＝０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮＨ３］＝１～２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮａＣｌ］＝１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、浸取温度５０℃、浸取时间为３ｈ时,浸出率达到９８％．对广东河台、山东招远硫化金矿进行了浸取研究,当［Ｓ２Ｏ３２－］＝０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮＨ３］＝２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＮａＣｌ］＝１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、十二烷基磺酸钠１１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、浸取温度５０℃、浸取时间３ｈ时,浸取率分别达到９６％和９３％．     

三乙醇胺催化合成正丁基苯基醚

采用３．０ｇ三乙醇胺为相转移催化剂,在６．０ｇ氢氧化钠,１．０ｍｌ水存在下,将０．１ｍｏｌ苯酚和０．２ｍｏｌ溴丁烷回流反应２．０ｈ,得正丁基苯基醚,收率为９２．０％     

四丁基溴化铵作相转移催化剂合成假性紫罗兰酮

四丁基溴化铵（ＴＢＡＢ）按文献自制。假性紫罗兰酮的合成方法 :丙酮４６．４ｇ（０．８ｍｏｌ）、ＮａＯＨ０．０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ４０ｍＬ、ＴＢＡＢ２．５ｇ（０．００７８ｍｏｌ）于３口烧瓶中、在恒温（３０℃）、搅拌下滴加９５ %柠檬醛１５．７ｇ（０．１ｍｏｌ）,滴完后 ,３８～４２℃、搅拌反应５ｈ,反应毕 ,静置０．５ｈ,再用５ %氯化钠洗涤２～３次 ,常压下蒸出丙酮后 ,在８３０Ｐａ、１２８℃下蒸除少量前馏分 ,收集沸程１４３～１４７℃（８３０Ｐａ）馏分 ,即为产品。收率８０．５ %。实验测定产品果酮含量９７．５ %～９８．７…     

氯化苄生产工艺的优化

氯化苄生产工艺小试中，笔者找到了较优化的氯化工艺和操作参数。氯化方式由间歇改为连续。甲苯与氯气重量比为５：２，催化剂Ｗ０２的浓度控制在１．２％左右，反应温度为１１０±５℃，停留时间为３ｈ，在这样的操作条件下，一氯化苄含量可达５０％，邻（间）氯甲苯在０．３％以下，二氯化苄在３．０％以下；通过后道精制，预计成品含量达９７％，收率可达９１％以上。     

氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸异丁酯

研究了氯化铁催化下的肉桂酸和异丁醇的酯化反应，得出的优惠条件是，酸醇比为１１０，催化剂用量为０．０９２５ｍｏｌ（对１ｍｏｌ肉桂酸），反应时间３ｈ。在优惠条件下转化率８５．８％。     

苯甲醛的制备研究

本文探索了以苄叉二氯为原料，在锌催化剂作用下制备苯甲醛的新方法，其工艺设备简单、反应条件温和，产品纯度好、产率高。     

三乙醇胺催化合成正丁基苯基醚

采用３．０ｇ三乙醇胺为相转移催化剂,在６．０ｇ氢氧化钠,１．０ｍｌ水存在下,将０．１ｍｏｌ苯九０．２ｍｏｌ溴丁流反应２．０ｈ,得正丁基苯基醚,收率为９２．０％。     

氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸异丁酸

研究了氯化铁催化下的肉桂酸和异丁醇的酯化反应，得出的优惠条件是，酸醇比为１：１０，催化剂用量为０．０９２５ｍｏｌ（对１ｍｏｌ肉桂酸），反应时间３ｈ。在优惠条件下转化率８５．８％。     

用硬化油制备硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌

介绍了用硬化油制备硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌的工艺条件。即将硬化油在７０℃～８０℃经６ｈ一级皂化，使皂化率达９５％以上，再经盐析和二级催化率达９５％以上，再经盐析和二级催化皂化２ｈ，将制得的硬脂酸钠与氯化钙以２；１．２～１．０ｍｏｌ混合，调节ＰＨ至８．０，在９０℃反应１ｈ，将制得的硬脂酸印过滤，洗涤，干燥，即得符合工业级技术指标的产品，将制得的硬脂酸钙过滤，洗涤，干燥，即得符合工业级技术指标的产品。制备硬     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。