α-呋喃甲醛气相加氢催化剂的研究

制备了一种新型的α-呋喃甲醛气相加氢催化剂,对催化剂的加氢条件进行了研究,考察了反应条件对催化剂性能的影响,得出了适宜的工艺条件。     

糠醇的生产与催化剂

对糠醛液相催化加氢和气相催化加氢制糠醇进行分析比较，验证了气相催化加氢的优越性。对自制催化剂和进口催化剂进行测试，经过地两种催化剂转化、选择性及稳定性的对比，列举了自制催化剂的性能指标。     

糠醛生产技术改进和研究状况

近年来,国内外对糠醛生产技术的研究着重于开发新原料、新催化剂、新的精制分离方法及废渣、废水和醛泥处理技术等。其进展情况简介如下: 一、新原料的开发利用国外以山毛榉树皮为原料,浓度为2％的硫酸为催化剂,在160℃下水解三小时,糠醛产率可达7.7％。国内,广西百色栲     

糠醛催化加氢制糠醇

本文介绍了国内外糠醇的生产概况和市场情况,介绍了糠醛加氢制糠醇催化剂的研究动态,提出了生产工艺和催化剂的发展方向。     

重过磷酸钙法植物纤维水解生产糠醛

在实验室实验条件下，以重过磷酸钙为催化剂，植物纤维为原料，探讨了生产糠醛的适宜条件，当催化剂质量分数为１５％，固液比为１：０．４５，操作压力为１．０ＭＰa，水解 时间为３h时，糠醛产率可达１５％左右，残渣是一种优良的有复合肥，该法是一种有利于环境保护的生产方法。     

糖醛气相脱羰基制呋喃催化剂研究进展

本文对糖醛气相脱羰基制呋喃的几种催化剂体系进行了综述,介绍了该类脱羰催化剂的研究进展及对该脱羰反应的动力学研究结果。     

利用合成氨原料气生产糠醇

糠醇是一种良好的工业溶剂，在铸造、医药、石油、合成纤维、橡胶、塑料和农药等行业中有较为广泛的用途，目前售价在８０００元／ｔ左右。糠醇的工业生产方法是在催化剂的存在下，由液体糠醛加氢反应制得粗糠醇，减压自然沉降分离催化剂后，经真空蒸馏而得到合格的糠醇产...     

糠醛气相加氢制2—甲基呋喃催化剂初步研究

得到了糠醛气相加氢制 2 -甲基呋喃催化剂的最佳沉淀法制备条件 :沉淀温度 10 0℃ ;Cr、Cu质量比 0 .6 2 ;Ba的质量含量 0 .6 % ;Ca的质量含量 2 .7% ;沉淀溶液 pH值为 6。对催化剂失活原因进行了分析 ,认为失活是由于活性组分铜的重结晶造成的     

由糠醛制备富马酸

对糠醛氧化制富马酸的方法进行了改进。研究了温度、氧化剂和催化剂用量对反应的影响。产率由50%～58%提高到71.3%,纯度达99.8%。     

糠醛脱羰制呋喃催化剂寿命研究

通过添加助剂,改变催化剂装填方式,对糠醛脱羰催化剂进行了研究。实验表明,添加Ni和K助剂,能明显提高反应的转化率与选择性,延长催化剂使用寿命。混合装填法比传统装填法能更有效地利用催化剂,提高呋喃产量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。