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1.
Investigation of lysosomal hydrolase activity in platelets of patients has revealed drastic activation of cathepsins B, C and phospholipase A1, the degree of which rose in the following range: coronary heart disease; coronary heart disease aggravated by obesity: obesity and hyperlipidemia (type II). Administration of the adequate dietotherapy resulted in normalization of enzymologic parameters, whereas the results of the clinico-biochemical analysis of the blood were less informative in all cases. The data obtained could be used in the evaluation of the dietotherapy effectiveness, as well as for the early diagnosis of the corresponding diseases.  相似文献   

2.
Total and nonsedimentable cathepsin A, B, C and D activity was studied in the liver and kidneys, as well as in the blood serum of rats fed with rations containing protein isolate from krill (100 and 50%) and krill flesh (100%) during .6 and 12 months. Selective activation of cathepsins A dn D in the liver, intensified nonsedimentable activity of all lysosomal proteinases studied, most manifest at the initial stages of the experiment (4 months), and a sharp (0.5-3.5-fold) rise of these enzymes' activity in the blood serum were recorded in rats when the krill isolate served the only source of protein (100%) in their ration.  相似文献   

3.
A model of the alimentary polyhypovitaminosis varying degrees basing on partitive simultaneous reduction of all vitamins in rats diet has been proposed. The model has a principal difference from other experimental models, based on complete exclusion of 1 or 2 vitamins from animal diet. The proposed model allows you to get as close to the actually observed combined deficiency of several vitamins among the population. 5-fold decrease of vitamin mixture resulted in the fact that animals received 20-23% of vitamins D, A, B2, 33% of vitamin B1 and 57% of vitamin E from the content of these vitamins in the diet of animals from control group because of some nature vitamins contained in such diet basic components as casein (vitamins D, A, B1, B2) and sunflower oil (vitamin E). After one month treatment a deep deficiency of all vitamins has developed in rats from this group. Liver level of vitamin A decreased 8,5-fold, vitamins E and B1 - approximately 2-fold, vitamins C and B2 by 22%. Urinary excretion of vitamin B1 and B2 declined 2 and 5,3 fold. Blood plasma concentration of vitamin A decreased 1,9 fold, and E - 1,4 fold, B2 - by 30%. Activities of blood plasma vitamin B6-dependent enzymes reduced 1,4-fold. 2-fold decrease in the amount of vitamin mixture ensured intake about 50-59% of vitamins D, A, B2, and B1 and about 71% of vitamin E of those contained in the diet of animals from control group. Vitamin status indexes of these animals occupied an intermediate position. They have developed a moderate deficit of these essential micronutrients. The proposed model may be useful for metabolic disorders identification, the study of vitamins and minerals assimilation, investigations of the influence of biologically active components of food on these processes, as well as the development of personalized approaches to the correction of vitamin insufficient accuracy.  相似文献   

4.
Diet-induced obesity in rats can be produced by high-fat feeding. Comparing high-fat with low-fat feeding, the present study was designed to characterize the phases of development of obesity. In the dynamic phase, male rats were investigated at the age of 9-10 weeks after feeding the diets for 4-5 weeks. In the static phase, the animals at the age of 24-26 weeks were tested after 20-22 weeks of the nutritional regime. In this phase, the effects of switching high-fat to low-fat diet for 4 weeks were also examined. Fractionating lipid extracts by thin layer chromatography the concentrations of several lipids in epididymal adipose tissue, in serum, and in liver were determined. In liver, the enhancement of cholesteryl-ester (CE) concentration after high-fat feeding besides the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) is remarkable. Cell fractionation studies of the livers by differential ultracentrifugation showed the major part of the accumulated CE in the supernatant. In vitro incorporation of (1-14C)acetate and (2-14C)mevalonate into liver slices indicated that cholesterol synthesis in the liver of the obese rats was not increased. Although the offered fat diet with 0.1% of cholesterol can not be considered as high in cholesterol, the 2.5-fold higher amount of the high-fat diet in comparison with the low-fat diet (0.04% cholesterol) could be responsible for the enlargement of CE in the liver of the fat fed rats. This possibility was proved by measurement of the cholesterol absorption and transport to the liver after oral administration of (4-14C)cholesterol. Estimation of TG secretion rates of the liver using Triton WR 1339 pointed out higher rates in the obese rats in the dynamic phase. In the static phase, the rates were not different between both feeding groups, while fat restriction in the food produced a striking increase of TG secretion. It is assumed that only in the dynamic phase metabolism is able to compensate the liver TG accumulation by an enhanced transport to the adipose tissue. In the static phase this ability is diminished but not lost.  相似文献   

5.
A study was made of the total and nonsedimented activity of 4 lysosomal proteinases in the liver, kidneys and blood serum of rats fed for 4 months krill protein isolate (AtlantNIRO) as the only source of protein or that replaced by 50% with a control protein (casein) contained by the 18% protein (in terms of caloricity) diet. The use of the krill isolate as the only source of protein brought about a significant increase in the total activity of cathepsin A and cathepsin D and in nonsedimented activity of cathepsins A, D, B and C in rat liver (by 95, 23, 32 and 50%, respectively). Meanwhile in the kidneys, there was an increase in the total activity of cathepsins A and D. Proteinases A, D, B and C were activated in the blood serum. The 50% replacement of the krill isolate by casein elicited a substantial decrease in the adverse effect of the krill protein isolate on metabolic processes in rats.  相似文献   

6.
The ration devoid of vitamins B1 and B2 and niacin, given to growing rats during 4-10 weeks led to growth cessation, a decrease in body mass and the development of vitamin deficiency that was expressed in a drastic lowering of red blood cell transketolase activity, and to increased effects of TDF and FAD. Inclusion into the animals' ration of cutlets enriched with vitamins B1, B2, C and niacin completely normalized their growth and biochemical parameters of their providing with vitamins B1 and B2. Routine cutlets were less effective. The feeding of rats with vitamin-enriched cutlets during 10 weeks did not induce any histological or histochemical disorders in their internal organs.  相似文献   

7.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A strain transformed with a centromeric plasmid containing CYPRO11, which codifies the aspartic protease cyprosin B, was grown in a 3 l bioreactor under aerobic conditions. Expression of cyprosin B is directly dependent on the concentration of galactose used as the inducer and carbon source in 1% yeast extract, 2% bactopeptone, and 4% galactose in culture medium. For 4% of galactose, 209 mg.l(-1) total protein, and 1036 U.ml(-1) recombinant cyprosin B activity were obtained from 6.1 g dcw.l(-1) biomass. The recombinant cyprosin B, purified by two consecutive anion-exchange chromatographies (diethyl amino-ethyl [DEAE]-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose XK-16 columns), shows a specific activity of 62 x 10(3) U.mg(-1), corresponding to a purification degree of 12.5-fold and a recovery yield of 25.6% relative to that in fermentation broth. The proteolytic activity of recombinant cyprosin B is optimal at 42 degrees C and pH 4.5. The recombinant cyprosin B activity is 95% inhibited by pepstatin A, which confirms its aspartic protease nature. The pure recombinant cyprosin B is composed of two subunits, one with 14 and the other with 32 kDa. It exhibits clotting activity, similar to that of the natural enzyme from Cynara cardunculus flowers. The results reported here show that recombinant cyprosin B, the first clotting protease of plant origin produced in a bioreactor, can now be produced in large scale and may constitute a new and efficient alternative to enzymes of animal or fungal origin that are widely used in cheese making.  相似文献   

8.
Male Wistar rats received a low-protein (4.5% protein) diet during 30 days, and T-2-toxin was administered to them through a gastric tube, in a dose of 0.54 mg/kg, during 15 days. The results obtained showed activation of hepatic lysosomal enzymes (sulfatase A and B aryl and beta-glucosidase) and alkaline phosphatase, and to an essential suppression of enzymatic activity of peroxisomes - catalase, glycolate oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase. A sharp aggravation of the intoxication symptoms and pronounced intensification of changes in enzymatic activity in the liver, spleen, thymus and blood serum were recorded in the animals given T-2 toxin simultaneously with the low-protein diet.  相似文献   

9.
Levels of calpains I and II, cathepsins B and L and β-glucuronidase were determined in extracts of electrically stimulated and control beef M. Pectoralis profundus stored at temperatures between 0 and 30°C and varied to avoid muscle shortening. The level of lysosomal enzymes remained essentially unchanged throughout storage. The levels of calpain II were largely unaffected by the early treatments and decreased slightly throughout ageing. The level of calpain I, in both stimulated and control meats, was unaffected by temperature prior to the attainment of about pH 6·2 and thereafter the loss was accelerated at higher temperatures. In the extreme case studied, that of stimulated meat held at 15°C, 73% of the activity was lost in the first 24 h. After ageing, the level was about 11% of the initial when stored at 1°C and 25% when stored at 15°C. The exponential decay constants for the decrease in the levels of calpain I were 0·01 h(-1) at 1°C and 0·06 h(-1) at 15°C, and were the same as those for the previously determined rate of tenderisation. This suggested that the rate of proteolysis by calpain I was linked to the rate of tenderisation.  相似文献   

10.
本实验旨在研究饲粮中添加一水肌酸(creatine monohydrate,CMH)和共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对大鼠肌纤维相关基因及酶活性的影响及机理。选择40 只健康雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为5 组:对照组,饲喂基础饲料;CMH低剂量组,饲喂0.5%(以基础饲料质量计,下同)CMH+基础饲料;CMH高剂量组,饲喂1% CMH+基础饲料;CLA低剂量组,饲喂0.5% CLA+基础饲料;CLA高剂量组,饲喂1% CLA+基础饲料;饲喂4 周。结果表明:与对照组相比,CMH低剂量组大鼠日摄入量显著降低(P<0.05),肌球蛋白重链IIa(myosin heavy chain IIa,MyHC IIa)、MyHC IIb、过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α,PGC-1α)、肌细胞增强因子2C(myocyte enhancer factor 2C,MEF2C)、葡萄糖转运子4(glucose transporter 4,GLUT4)mRNA相对表达量及琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)活力显著增加(P<0.05);CMH高剂量组大鼠日摄入量显著降低(P<0.05),MyHC IIb、MEF2C、GLUT4 mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,CLA低剂量组大鼠日摄入量、MyHC IIx mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),MyHC IIa、PGC-1α mRNA相对表达量显著升高,SDH、苹果酸脱氢酶、一磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)活力显著增加(P<0.05);CLA高剂量组大鼠日摄入量、乳酸脱氢酶活力、MEF2C mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),MyHC I、MyHC IIa、PGC-1α、GLUT4 mRNA相对表达量和SDH活力显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加CMH、CLA后,大鼠肌肉组织中AMPK被激活,氧化代谢酶活性增加,通路相关基因PGC-1α、MEF2C、GLUT4 mRNA相对表达量增加,肌肉氧化代谢增强,进而改变肌纤维类型。  相似文献   

11.
目的:探究原花青素B2对高脂膳食小鼠钙代谢异常与股骨基因表达的影响。方法:将27 只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为3 组:对照组、高脂膳食组和原花青素B2组,原花青素B2添加量为0.2%(以饲料质量计);持续饲喂8 周后分析小鼠体质量、血浆脂质水平、钙内稳态、钙吸收能力和骨矿物含量的变化,并运用真核有参转录组技术分析小鼠股骨基因表达变化情况。结果:原花青素B2能够显著提高小鼠钙净吸收和贮留能力(P<0.05),并显著降低血脂水平和甲状旁腺素质量浓度,改善高脂膳食导致的小鼠骨矿物、股骨钙含量和最大荷载量的降低。高通量测序发现49 个差异共表达基因,原花青素B2可干预其中48 个基因的表达,基因本体论富集分析发现其归属于生物进程和细胞组分两个分支,京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析发现共有13 条通路具有显著性富集意义(P<0.05),其中涉及钙代谢相关信号转导和代谢通路5 个基因(Cdkn2a、Adrb1、Fcgr4、Aldh1a3和Calml3)的表达量发生显著改变(P<0.05)。与高脂膳食组相比,原花青素B2下调Cdkn2a、Adrb1、Fcgr4基因表达量分别为9.19、3.68 倍和3.61 倍,上调Aldh1a3和Calml3基因的表达量分别为2.06 倍和3.29 倍。结论:原花青素B2具有干预高脂膳食导致的小鼠钙代谢异常的作用,其可能与下调破骨细胞活性与上调成骨细胞活性相关基因的表达有关。  相似文献   

12.
A study of sugars excretion in rats after feeding with diets containing various raffinose content (0, 4, 8 and 12%) and cooked leguminous seeds (soybean, peas and beans) has been performed. It was noted, that feeding with raffinose-containing diet has no effect on sugars level in urine during 10 days of experiment. Feeding with the diets containing 8 and 12% raffinose caused highly increased excretion of this sugar and its metabolites in faeces after first 24 h. After next few days of experiment in despite of high raffinose content in diets the level of raffinose excretion in the faeces came back to the initial one. In the case of leguminous seeds feeding of rats increased excretion of sugars in faeces was observed also after 20-24 h, and was maintained on the same level during 10 days of experiment. The ratio of excreted to consumed sugars was limited to 2-5% only. It is presumed that there were stachyose and verbascose metabolites, previously identified in leguminous seeds.  相似文献   

13.
Influence of Sulfur Dioxide on the Lipids of Starch Containing: Maize. The present paper shows that sulfur dioxide retards the lipolytic activity during the steeping process of maize. The results show that the hydrolysis of phospholipase A (E.C. 3.1.1.4) which removes one fatty acid from the phospholipide is followed by the phospholipase B (E.C. 3.1.1.5). It is not worthy that the phospholipase A is more affected by SO2 than phospholipase B. However, other lipides, e. g. galactosyldiglycerides and sterol-containing lipides, showed no observable changes in amount. It is of interest that a relative smaller amount of free fatty acids was extracted with petrolether from maize than the original amount extracted with the same solvent before the storage. Whereas the extracted amount with butanol water did not change markedly. On the basis of this findings it may be concluded that free fatty acids are adsorbed on the starch granules of the maize endosperm.  相似文献   

14.
黄曲霉毒素B1降解酶的分离纯化及其酶学特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)F4能产生黄曲霉毒素B1的降解酶(aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme,ADE),本实验通过3 步法提取纯化ADE,即包括硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换柱层析和SephadexG-100凝胶过滤层析。结果表明,通过以上纯化方法,ADE的回收率为56%,纯化的ADE比活力为6.4×104 U/mg,纯化了123 倍。利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得ADE分子质量约为24 kD;ADE与AFB1反应的最适温度和pH值分别为30 ℃和6.0;Cu2+对ADE酶活性有抑制作用;利用双倒数作图法测得ADE表观Km值为5.61×10-5 mol/L。  相似文献   

15.
目的:探究植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)C88对2型糖尿病大鼠模型降血糖作用。方法:采用高 脂饲料结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,连续灌胃植物乳杆菌C88,28 d后检测大鼠空腹血 糖量、葡萄糖耐受量、血脂、胰岛素、炎症因子、肠道屏障功能和菌群水平。Western blot分析核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、闭锁小带蛋白-1(zonula occludens-1, ZO-1)、occludin、claudin-1的表达。结果:植物乳杆菌C88可有效改善2型糖尿病大鼠高血糖和血脂代谢紊乱;显 著降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清中TNF-α、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、脂多糖、D-乳酸等炎症相关因子水平;植物乳杆 菌C88能促进胰岛素的分泌,提高胰高血糖素样肽-2水平,降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清中二胺氧化酶和连蛋白水平;显 著降低肝脏中炎症相关蛋白NF-κB、TNF-α的表达,提高回肠中肠道通透性相关蛋白ZO-1、occludin、claudin-1的表 达。结论:植物乳杆菌C88是一株具有辅助降血糖功能的益生菌。  相似文献   

16.
本研究通过抑菌试验、粘附性实验和特定水解酶活测定,结合16S rDNA和生理生化鉴定,从虾肠道中分离出坚忍肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)6-24和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B9,并初步研究他们在饲喂罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)的益生作用。两株菌按1×107cfu/kg添加到饲料并进行为期4周的投喂实验后,本研究测定了罗氏沼虾的总血球细胞,酚氧化酶原系统(proPO),抗氧化系统以及溶菌酶变化情况。研究结果显示,罗氏沼虾投喂含有6-24和B9的饲料后,血淋巴中总血球细胞计数(total haemocyte count)显著提高(p<0.05),酚氧化酶(phenol oxidase)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase)以及溶菌酶(lysozyme)的活性同时也有所提高(p<0.05),其中酚氧化酶上升48.24%,溶菌酶上升198.00%。罗氏沼虾肠道消化酶的影响实验显示,添加混合益生菌的实验组虾肠道消化酶(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶)的活性与对照组相比有显著提高(p<0.05),其中蛋白酶活力更是上升84.80%。最后,研究还发现,饲喂坚忍肠球菌6-24和枯草芽孢杆菌B9后,罗氏沼虾肠道中可培养弧菌数量下降59.76%(p<0.05)。研究结果表明,坚忍肠球菌6-24与枯草芽孢杆菌B9能在一定程度上改善罗氏沼虾的肠道环境和免疫水平,具有虾饲用益生菌开发的潜力。  相似文献   

17.
Oxytocin and vasopressin are related peptides that have receptors in the uterus. Species from families other than Suidae produce only arginine-vasopressin; in contrast, pigs apparently express both arginine- and lysine-vasopressin. The aim of this study was to determine whether arginine- or lysine-vasopressin would activate phospholipase C, increase intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i) and stimulate PGF(2alpha) production in enriched cultures of stromal, glandular epithelial and luminal epithelial cells from pig endometrium. Cells were obtained from gilts on day 16 after oestrus by differential enzymatic digestion and sieve separation. After 96 h in culture, the cells were treated with 0 or 100 nmol arginine- or lysine-vasopressin l(-1). The responses to 100 nmol oxytocin l(-1) and 100 nmol GnRH l(-1) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Consistent with previous results, oxytocin stimulated phospholipase C activity (P < 0.05), increased [Ca(2+)](i) (P < 0.05) and promoted PGF(2alpha) secretion (P < 0.05) from stromal and glandular epithelial cells. Activity of phospholipase C, [Ca(2+)](i) and PGF(2alpha) release were also increased (P < 0.05) by arginine-vasopressin in stromal cells, but the responses were less (P < 0.01) than those induced by oxytocin. An oxytocin antagonist attenuated the [Ca(2+)](i) response of stromal cells to both oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin. Sequential treatment of cells with oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin indicated that oxytocin desensitized the response to oxytocin, but arginine-vasopressin did not similarly desensitize the response to oxytocin. In glandular and luminal epithelial cells, arginine-vasopressin did not stimulate phospholipase C activity, [Ca(2+)](i) or PGF(2alpha) secretion. Neither GnRH nor lysine-vasopressin induced phospholipase C activity, increased [Ca(2+)](i) or stimulated PGF(2alpha) production in any endometrial cell type. These results indicate that oxytocin receptors can bind arginine-vasopressin more readily than they bind lysine-vasopressin. Type 1 vasopressin receptors may also exist in endometrium predominantly on cells other than stromal, glandular epithelial and luminal epithelial cells, as in previous studies both arginine-vasopressin and lysine-vasopressin stimulated phospholipase C activity in endometrial explants to a similar extent as oxytocin.  相似文献   

18.
Dietary administration of green tea extract (GTE) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quercetin (Qu) or caffeine (Cf) in doses equal to their concentration in GTE led to an increase of serum and liver antioxidant capacity and strengthening stability of microsomal and lysosomal membranes in rats. The antioxidant efficiency of EGCG and Qu was considerably higher than that of GTE. There were significant differences in the effects of EGCG, Qu and GTE on the activities and expression of mRNA for CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A1. But feeding both GTE and Cf to rats results in similar elevated activities of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathion transferase. Our results suggest that Cf is the main contributor to GTE effects on activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.  相似文献   

19.
顶青霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
从顶青霉(Pencillium corylophilum)P-3-31培养液中分离到3种木聚糖酶组分,分别称为PartA、PartB和PartC.PartB进一步纯化,经SDS-PAGE鉴定为单带,相对分子质量为24200;PartC进一步纯化,经SDS-PAGE鉴定也是单带,相对分子质量为48300.PartA和PartB的最适反应条件为pH4.0,45℃;PartC的最适反应条件为pH5.5,55℃.PartA和PartB对木聚糖以外的底物不能水解;PartC具有水解CMC的交叉活性和β-木糖苷酶活性,但不能将木二糖水解成木糖.3个纯化酶组分和粗酶对不同来源的木聚糖底物均表现出不同的活性.对于粗酶,若桦木木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为100%,则玉米芯木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为143%,蔗渣木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为124%.  相似文献   

20.
Growth was assessed in rats fed diets of freeze-dried (FD) and liquid milk and yogurt. Microbial growth in liquid milk under feeding conditions lowered pH to 4.5 and caused coagulation; thus, accuracy of comparing liquid diets is questionable. Freeze-drying eliminated such problems but did not diminish the superior stimulation of growth in rats by yogurt. Weight gains of rats on yogurt were 24.3% higher then for milk when fed as liquid and 24.6% higher when fed FD. Feed efficiencies for yogurt diets were significantly higher than were efficiencies for milk diets. Lactase activity of FD yogurts declined less than 5% during 24 months storage at 10°C.  相似文献   

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