开米消毒液杀灭微生物效果的试验观察

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对PCMX的消毒性能进行了观察。以含PCMX470mg/L的消毒液水溶液,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌作用3min,杀灭对数值均达到5.0以上;对悬液内白色念珠菌作用3min,杀灭对数值均达到4.0以上。消毒剂原液置37℃恒温储存90d,PCMX总含量下降率为0。表明该消毒剂对细菌繁殖体具有很好的杀灭效果,且性能稳定。     

高效低留痕消毒液的性能研究

采用杀菌试验、金属腐蚀性试验和稳定性试验,对一种高效低留痕消毒液相关性能进行了研究。结果表明:该消毒液有效氯含量为1.0%,属于低浓度稳定制剂;控制消毒液p H值在6~12,用含0.8%有效氯的该消毒液对悬液内金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作用10 min,杀灭率均超过99.89%;含0.8%有效氯的该消毒液浸泡72 h对不锈钢基本无腐蚀,对碳钢为轻度腐蚀。该消毒液在-5℃恒温下保存24 h或40℃恒温下保存24 h,恢复至室温后与试验前无明显变化。因此,该消毒液具有良好的杀菌效果,并且性能稳定。     

杀灭乙肝病毒餐具洗洁精的研制

论述了餐具洗洁精配方的原料确定、杀灭乙肝病毒成分的优选及产品研制，进行了稳定性效果检测等。并对碘与醋酸洗必泰络合成碘伏的方法及其杀灭乙肝病毒的效果进行了实验比较。研制了杀灭乙肝病毒效果好、对环境稳定的高效杀灭乙肝病毒餐具洗洁精。     

稳定性固体二氧化氯消毒剂杀菌效果的研究

为了定量研究稳定性固体二氧化氯的杀菌效果,采用五步碘量法对实验室制取的稳定性固体二氧化氯消毒剂进行了有效成分的测定,并采用悬液定量杀菌法对其杀菌力做了系统的研究。实验选用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别作为革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的代表菌种,用含50、100、200mg/L的二氧化氯消毒剂的水溶液对实验菌作用1、3、5min,实验结果平均杀灭对数值均≥4.00。可以表明,该粉状消毒剂杀菌效果理想,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有良好的杀灭效果。     

一种洗衣机槽清洗剂的杀菌功效研究

采用悬液定量杀菌试验对洗衣机槽清洗剂杀灭细菌繁殖体的效果进行了实验室观察,以便了解其杀菌效果。结果,以该清洗剂100倍稀释液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌作用60 min,杀灭率大于99.9%。通过正交设计试验,考察了作用时间、温度和有机物浓度对杀菌作用的影响,结果表明,影响程度的大小顺序为:作用时间>温度>有机物浓度。     

稳定性微酸次氯酸消毒液发生器的消毒效果研究

设计了一种新型次氯酸发生器,采用悬液定量杀菌实验研究其消毒效果、稳定效果和灭菌机理。结果表明,将150 mg/L有效氯的消毒液分别作用于金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌5 min,其杀菌对数值前两者>5.00,后者>4.00。每200 g消毒液中加入0.3 g Na_2SiO_3和0.4 g Na_2CO_3作为复配稳定剂,在80℃条件下放置6 h后消毒液有效氯含量仅降低了5.24%,而不加稳定剂则降低了31.26%;经过该消毒液处理的细菌表面出现明显的裂解与破损。该发生器产出的消毒液稳定性强,对真菌以及细菌繁殖体具有良好的杀灭效果,可对细菌的表面形貌造成严重损伤从而灭活微生物。     

管碟法验证消毒剂杀菌效果的可行性研究

为考察管碟法验证消毒剂杀菌效果的可行性。用管碟法和悬液定量杀菌法比较了0.1%新洁尔灭、0.1%戊二醛和1%84消毒液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭效果的影响。用悬液定量杀菌法,这三种消毒剂对悬液中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作用10 min,平均杀灭对数值均4.95,对两种控制菌杀菌效果表现都一致,0.1%戊二醛最佳,其次是0.1%新洁尔灭,最小的是1%84消毒液;用管碟法从抑菌圈直径大小分析,对大肠杆菌而言,0.1%新洁尔灭(13.25 mm)0.1%戊二醛(11.75 mm)1%84消毒液(11.25 mm);对金黄色葡萄球菌0.1%新洁尔灭(15.25 mm)﹥1%84消毒液(13.75 mm)0.1%戊二醛(12.75 mm)。管碟法验证结果与悬液定量杀菌法结果不一致,管碟法受多种因素影响,只能对新药或某种消毒剂的初筛试验,不能用作对消毒剂杀菌效果的评价。     

基于胍类消毒剂与阳离子表面活性剂联合用于抗冠状病毒的手用消毒剂研究

目的：研究一种以葡萄糖酸氯已定和二癸基二氯化铵为有效成分的无醇手用消毒剂的相关抗菌、抗病毒效果。方法：采用悬液定量杀菌试验、悬液定量病毒灭活试验、急性经口毒性、多次完整皮肤刺激试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和理化测定方法，评估该消毒剂的性能。结果：本品37℃条件下保存90天后，主成分含量下降率均小于4%；原液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等细菌及人类冠状病毒的杀灭对数值均符合《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)的要求。本品无毒副作用，小鼠急性经口毒性LD₅₀>5000 mg/kg。结论：本品对常见细菌杀菌效果较好，对人类冠状病毒有一定的杀灭效果，毒性低，稳定性好。是一种经济实用、市场前景良好的手用泡沫消毒剂。     

不同工艺对抑菌洗手液杀菌活性效果的影响

目的:验证采用传统工艺制备的抑菌洗手液和采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液制备的抑菌洗手液杀菌效果的区别。方法:根据出口国法规要求按EN1276—2019的定量悬浮试验评价杀菌活性的方法进行测试。结果:显示采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液的抑菌洗手液可达到杀灭对数值≥3的效果,而采用传统工艺制备的抑菌洗手液达不到杀灭对数值≥3。同时两个工艺制备的抑菌洗手液在不同测试条件下,1 min杀灭对数值均能达到≥3,杀菌剂的含量均稳定在0.31%～0.34%标准范围内。结论:采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液的抑菌洗手液杀灭对数值和稳定性测试均能符合标准要求。     

氧化电解水杀菌特性及其对肉品杀菌作用

利用自制三室型电解槽制备酸性氧化电位水(EOW),并对自制的钽铱氧化物电极进行了XRD、SEM和电化学分析。以枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢（ATCC9372）为杀灭对象,考察影响EOW杀菌作用的三个特性因素,即有效氯(ACC)、氧化还原电位(ORP)和pH值。结果表明,利用自制三室型电解槽制备氧化电解水(EOW),对自制铱氧化物电极进行了XRD、SEM表征和电化学分析。以枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢（ATCC9372）为杀灭对象,考察了影响EOW杀菌作用的3个因素,即有效氯(ACC)、氧化还原电位(ORP)和pH值。结果表明,ACC值越高,EOW的杀菌效率越高,当ACC值大于40 mg.L^-1时,杀菌效率进一步提高缓慢,最大杀菌率为99.89%,杀灭对数值为2.67lgcfu.ml^-1。EOW中有效氯存在形式以HClO为主,这也是EOW具有高效杀菌作用的原因。随ORP值增加,杀菌效率也随之增加,但当其大于1100 mV后,杀菌率和杀灭对数值进一步增加较少,可分别达到99.99%和3.86lgcfu.ml^-1。pH值本身对杀菌效率影响很小,但pH值改变会影响有效氯的存在形式。考察了EOW对肉品的杀菌效果,结果表明当EOW与肉品接触后,其ACC值、ORP值会迅速下降,1 min后分别由78.60 mg.L^-1和1132mV降低到47.35 mg.L^-1和935 mV;25 min后降低至11 mg.L^-1和815 mV,此时EOW已失去高效杀菌能力。EOW对肉品杀菌20 min后,杀菌率为99.96%,杀灭对数值为3.42lgcfu.g^-1。     

Electrochemical inactivation of coliforms by in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals

Electrochemical disinfection is quite attractive as a promising alternative technology to chlorination. It is still debated whether conventional electrochemical disinfection, which electrolyzes the solution with very high chloride concentration to produce excess amounts of chlorine species, will generate toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and have the same health risks as chlorination. To resolve this critical issue, we explored the possibility of electrochemical disinfection based on electrogenerated free radicals but not on active chlorine. The germicidal efficiency of 99.99% was achieved with a contact time of 5 min and current density of 7 mA cm⁻² for a chloride-free model wastewater contaminated by coliforms. Electron spin resonance detection clearly confirmed that hydroxyl radicals were the major germicidal species responsible for efficient electrochemical disinfection. This process would not generate poisonous DBPs due to the avoidance of dangerous chlorine species. pH in the range of 5–9 has little effect on the bacteria inactivation. Formation mechanism of hydroxyl radicals was discussed.     

调整杀菌方式降低含氨冷却水处理成本

实验室探索冷却水中氨含量与各种微生物菌群的关系,研究次氯酸钠、氯锭和生物分散剂在不同氨含量的冷却水中的杀菌效果,并根据研究成果调整了氮肥厂冷却水系统的杀菌处理方式,不仅有效控制了系统中的微生物繁殖,而且降低了杀菌剂的消耗,显著降低了系统的处理成本。     

由副产物硫酸生产白炭黑的工艺研究

在电解法制备烧碱的工业生产中,其湿氯气通常采用冷凝脱水后,再用工业浓硫酸对其进行进一步的干燥脱水,使得氯气含水量符合产品要求。经吸收水份后硫酸浓度一般在75％左右,成为副产物硫酸。用该硫酸与酿酒生产产生的稻壳灰为硅源材料生产水玻璃,采用沉淀法对白炭黑制备的工艺进行试验研究。其制备的白炭黑经质量检测符合国家产品标准。     

Preparation of High-Purity Chlorine Dioxide by Combined Reduction

In pulp bleaching, water treatment, and other applications, chlorine dioxide has the advantages of high-efficiency oxidation. The technology of preparing chlorine dioxide by combination reduction is widely used in domestic papermaking enterprises. However, in the actual production process, the chlorine dioxide solution still contains a small amount of chlorine gas and methanol. Therefore, here, the process of preparing chlorine dioxide by combination reduction was further optimized to improve the utilization rate of raw materials and product purity. In this study, a new production process of chlorine dioxide with lower cost, higher purity, no pollution, and good security and reliability was developed.     

Disinfection treatment for lettuces (Lactuca sativa) and strawberries (Fragatia Chiloensis)

The disinfection of vegetables and fruits is a treatment applied in order to reduce their natural contamination or processes to the product along the different steps of the food chain until its consumption. In the present work the effect of two disinfectants products was studied: grapefruit seed extract (400 ppm) for 10 min and peracetic acid (2000 ppm) for 1 min (action times assayed according to the manufacturer recommendations) and other additional times. The germicidal action was carried out against the natural contaminants of lettuces and strawberries, through the determination of the germicidal efficiency (%). Treated and untreated strawberries were also evaluated for flavor changes through a sensorial difference test, triangular test. None of the assayed products reached the 99.999% destruction of the natural contaminants according to the Chambers test. Peracetic acid was the most effective disinfectant, reaching the highest destruction percentages at a time lower than that for grapefruit seed extract. Sensory analysis showed no significant differences (p = .05) between strawberries with and without disinfection treatments, at the conditions suggested by the manufacturer.     

石蜡光氯化合成氯蜡—70的研究：（Ⅰ）反应过程的影响因素考察

本文提出了使用化学新光源,以石蜡和氯气为原料,在塔式反应器内光氯化合成氯蜡-70的新方法。系统地考察了影响反应的主要因素,得到了适宜的反应条件。结果表明:该法较目前采用的悬浮法、溶剂法或汞灯照射的光氯化法,提高反应速率约20倍,氯气利用率达98%。大大地强化了反应器的生产能力,研制的产品性能符合同类产品标准。     

An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of electrocatalytic activity of platinum group metals for chlorine evolution

A correlation of the catalytic activity for anodic chlorine evolution of platinum group metals to the nature of the surface film formed during chlorine evolution in a sodium chloride solution was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The change in the surface film with increasing potential was found on platinum, including an increase in the cationic valence. This seemed responsible for the decrease in the activity for chlorine evolution on platinum in the high potential region. Increasing potential did not result in the appreciable increase in the cationic valence in the surface film on the other platinum group metals. Replacement of hydroxyl ions in the surface film by chloride ions became easier in the order of rhodium, iridium and palladium, and the activity for anodic chlorine evolution increased in this order due possibly to an increase in the amount of chloride ions in the film which seemed to be one of the reactants in the rate determining electrochemical desorption of adsorbed chlorine atom. Chlorine molecules adsorbed on the surface film were also found. It was assumed that the activity for anodic chlorine evolution might be low when the metal surface was covered by a large amount of molecular chlorine which was the reaction product.     

氯油制备氯仿联产二甲基甲酰胺

研究了氯油加碱除酸后和二甲胺水溶液反应制备氯仿和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的新工艺路线,通过正交实验对工艺条件进行优化,得到的优化合成工艺条件为:反应温度为50℃,保温反应时间为60min,n(二甲胺)∶n(氯油)=1∶1.10。在此条件下,氯仿-醛收率为94.02%,DMF-醛收率为92.05%。新工艺小试产品和氯仿质量达到国标GB4118-92优等品要求,DMF产品达到HG2028-91标准要求。     

Elimination of biological fouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants

The main trouble in the RO method of seawater desalination is biological fouling (bio-fouling) from microorganism growth. In this work, the growth rate of microorganisms in the Red Sea and sterilization by chlorine injection were measured and quantified. Furthermore, actual demonstration of RO pilot tests using cellulose tri-acetate (CTA) RO membranes with chlorine resistance was performed in RO plants where bio-fouling actually occurred. By carrying out direct chlorine sterilization of the RO membrane with an intermittent chlorine injection method, bio-fouling was eliminated. The combination of the CTA membrane and chlorine injection successfully prevented increases of differential pressure and stabilized product water quantity and quality.