GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998第29章的主要差异浅析

本文列出了GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998第29章之间的主要差异,并对这些差异进行了分析。     

GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998第30章的主要差异浅析

本文列出了GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998在第30章的主要差异,并对这些差异进行了分析。     

GB4706．1-2005与GB4706．1-1998标准的差异介绍

GB4706．1—2OO5《家用和类似用途电器的安全通用要求》新版标准近期’已获抽准．公布，新版标准和98版标准在许多方面发生变化。本文介绍了GB4706．1—2005与GB4706．1—1998标准的主要差异。     

Challenges from the New Emission Standards for SO2 and NOX

The Emission Standards of Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants (GB 13223-2011) prescribe a stricter limitation to air pollutants than ever before. As set in the new emission standard, the limitations of SO2 and NOX for sensitive areas under normal conditions are 50 mg/m3 and 100 mg/m3, respectively. The objective analysis and suggestions are proposed. The recent status and operational experience of desulfurization and denitrification equipment are discussed. From the discussions, thermal power plants face a huge challenge to satisfy the new emission standards. For further reducing of the emission concentrations of SO2 and NOX, three methods were introduced, including: seriously implementing the emission standards, improving treatment equipment, and increasing the efficiencies of desulfurization and denitrification.     

电冰箱安全标准GB4706.13-2004与GB4706.13-1998的主要差异分析

新实施的电冰箱安全国家标准GB4706．13-2004与原有的国家标准GB4706．13-1998的差异较大,本文对新旧版本标准在试验方法及规定上的主要差异进行了比较和分析。     

GB4706.1-1998与GB4706.1-92标准差异

GB4706.1-1998《家用和类似用途电器的安全第1部分:通用要求》自1999.06.01日开始实施,随着与之配合的产品特殊标准陆续公布,GB4706.1-1998标准逐步取代了CB4706.1-92标准。《标准法》规定新的国家强制性标准实施之后,相关产品性须满足新标准的要求。因此了解新旧标准的差异非常重要,下面就对GB4706.1-1998与GB4706.1-92标准差异进行简要的介绍:     

GB4706(IEC60335)与5类危险的相关性分析

家用和类似用途器具GB 4706(IEC 60335)系列标准包括1个通用要求标准和近百个特殊标准,仅通用标准GB 4706.1就有超过300个条款,内容较为繁杂,本文尝试对该系列标准的安全要求做出简明扼要的概括,以利于更好地理解其试验程序.     

A cost accounting method of the Li-ion battery energy storage system for frequency regulation considering the effect of life degradation

The cost of Energy Storage System (ESS) for frequency regulation is difficult to calculate due to battery’s degradation when an ESS is in grid-connected operation. To solve this problem, the influence mechanism of actual operating conditions on the life degradation of Li-ion battery energy storage is analyzed. A control strategy of Li-ion ESS participating in grid frequency regulation is constructed and a cost accounting model for frequency regulation considering the effect of battery life degradation is established. The estimated operating life and annual average cost of the Li-ion ESS under different dead bands and SOC set-points are calculated. The case studies show that the estimated operating life of the Li-ion ESS under the actual operating condition differs significantly from the nominal life provided by the manufacturer under the standard condition and the full discharge mode. This paper provides an accurate costing method for the ESS participating in grid frequency regulation to help the promotion of the ESS to participate in the ancillary service market.     

A cost accounting method of the Li-ionbattery energy storage system forfrequency regulation considering the effectof life degradation

The cost of Energy Storage System (ESS) for frequency regulation is difficult to calculate due to battery’s degradation when an ESS is in grid-connected operation. To solve this problem, the influence mechanism of actual operating conditions on the life degradation of Li-ion battery energy storage is analyzed. A control strategy of Li-ion ESS participating in grid frequency regulation is constructed and a cost accounting model for frequency regulation considering the effect of battery life degradation is established. The estimated operating life and annual average cost of the Li-ion ESS under different dead bands and SOC set-points are calculated. The case studies show that the estimated operating life of the Li-ion ESS under the actual operating condition differs significantly from the nominal life provided by the manufacturer under the standard condition and the full discharge mode. This paper provides an accurate costing method for the ESS participating in grid frequency regulation to help the promotion of the ESS to participate in the ancillary service market.     

A cost accounting method of the Li-ion battery energy storage system for frequency regulation considering the effect of life degradation

The cost of Energy Storage System (ESS) for frequency regulation is difficult to calculate due to battery’s degradation when an ESS is in grid-connected operation. To solve this problem, the influence mechanism of actual operating conditions on the life degradation of Li-ion battery energy storage is analyzed. A control strategy of Li-ion ESS participating in grid frequency regulation is constructed and a cost accounting model for frequency regulation considering the effect of battery life degradation is established. The estimated operating life and annual average cost of the Li-ion ESS under different dead bands and SOC set-points are calculated. The case studies show that the estimated operating life of the Li-ion ESS under the actual operating condition differs significantly from the nominal life provided by the manufacturer under the standard condition and the full discharge mode. This paper provides an accurate costing method for the ESS participating in grid frequency regulation to help the promotion of the ESS to participate in the ancillary service market.     

GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998标准的差异介绍

GB4706.1-2005《家用和类似用途电器的安全通用要求》新版标准近期已获批准、公布,新版标准和98版标准在许多方面发生变化。本文介绍了GB4706.1-2005与GB4706.1-1998标准的主要差异。     

关于举办“GB4706．1—2005《家用和类似用途电器的安全通用要求》国家强制性标准宣贯培训”的通知

GB4706.1—2005《家用和类似用途电器的安全通用要求》标准已由国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会于2005年8周26日发布．将于2006年8月1日起实施．GB4706.1是家用和类似用途电器产品在电气安全方面的基础标准，与1998版标准相比．2005版标准在技术要求和试验方法等方面都有较大改动．     

China's Large Dams Construction and Hydropower Development Have a Bright Future──A Summary of talks by authorities concerned on the 20~(th) Congress of International Commission on Large Dams

The 20th Congress of international Commission onLarge Dams (ICOLD) was held from September 19to 22,2000 in Beijing. Mr.Wen Jiabao, Vice-premierof the State Council, attended the congress and delivered aspeech. The congress dealt mainly with the following topics:(l) the use of risk analysis to support dam safety decisions andmanagement; (2) monitoring of dams and their foundations;(3) gated spillways and other controlled release facilities, anddam safety; (4) benefits of and concerns abou…     

家用电器发热故障与GB 4706.1若干条款探讨

家用器具现在已经高度普及在人们的日常生活中,成为现代家庭中的必备元素.本文从器具发热的危害出发,阐述其发热的原理,同时对国标GB 4706.1-2005《家用和类似用途电气的安全》的若干内容条款进行了探讨.     

Study on the Construction Scale of Pumped-Storage Hydropower in Northeast Power Grid

Peak regulation in the Northeast power grid is going from bad to worse. This sttmulates the need to pumped-storage hydropower for its role in this respect. Based on the status of power sources and the load forecast in the system, the author puts forward a minimum construction scale of pumped-storage stations by the end of 2020 from technical feasibility, and an economic scale from economy. The analysis and comparison on the two schemes can be regarded as a reference for reasonably planning pumped-storage stations in the northeastern part of China.     

举例分析GB4706．1第30章对非金属材料耐热和耐燃的要求

本文通过典型案例并结合日常检测中相关经验的积累浅谈标准GB4706．1-2005中第30章对非金属材料耐热和耐燃的要求。     

Developing Nuclear Power to Make the Power Sources Greener

<正>In this paper the author proposes the choice of nuclear power is inevitable for China's energy and electricity power development from strategic viewpoint. The challenges to efficient and safe nuclear power development are analyzed in details and corresponding suggestions are provided.Since the Fukushima nuclear accident, the nuclear energy safety and development have been reviewed profoundly all over the world. Although the nuclear safety plan     

Review of modeling and control strategy ofthermostatically controlled loads for virtualenergy storage system

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings more power generation fluctuations into power systems, which puts forward higher requirement on the regulation capacities for maintaining the power balance between supply and demand. In addition to traditional generators for providing regulation capacities, the progressed information and communication technologies enable an alternative method by controlling flexible loads, especially thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for regulation services. This paper investigates the modeling and control strategies of aggregated TCLs as the virtual energy storage system (VESS) for demand response. First, TCLs are modeled as VESSs and compared with the traditional energy storage system (ESS) to analyze their characteristic differences. Then, the control strategies of VESS are investigated in microgrid and main grid aspects, respectively. It shows that VESS control strategies can play important roles in frequency regulation and voltage regulation for power systems’ stability. Finally, future research directions of VESS are prospected, including the schedulable potential evaluation, modeling of TCLs, hierarchical control strategies of VESS considering ESSs and RESs and reliability and fast response in frequency control for VESS.     

Investigation and recommendation on allowable operating duration of large-sized turbine-generator unit under abnormal frequency

1.IntroductionWith the increasing of turbo-generator (TG) capacity,the limi-tation on the abnormal frequency operation is growing more restric-tive.In order to ensure the safety operation of certain TG unit,splitingdevice which isolates the generating unit from the system is em-ployed when the system frequency is declined to a certain extent.However,during the degradation of frequency,to isolate the large-sized TG unit from the power system will cause the system fre-quency to further decline.Hence,how to use the low frequency split-ting protection properly and how to coordinate the operation of underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) with under frequency generatorsplitting (UFGS) are significant for securing the safety operation of