Morphology and antibacterial properties of natural rubber composites based on biosynthesized nanosilver

The objective of this work is to improve the properties of natural rubber composites (NRC) that were frequently used in medical and health supplies, using nanosilver additions. Silver nanocolloids were biosynthesized with an aqueous medium of aloe leaf extract (ALE) as capping agent, and then were filled in natural rubber matrix to prepare nanosilver‐based NRC. UV–vis spectrophotometer, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopic analyses proved that the particle size of resultant silver was about 20 nm. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria of NRC were dependable on the silver nanoparticles content and the treating methods on ALE, which was used in synthesizing silver nanocolloids. The morphology and thermal stability effect of nanosilver on NRC were determined with scanning electron microscopic and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40746.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐p‐dioxanone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐p‐dioxanone)/bioactive inorganic particle nanocomposites

With an aim to develop injectable hydrogel with improved solution stability and enhanced bone repair function, thermogelling poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐p‐dioxanone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone–co‐p‐dioxanone) (PECP)/bioactive inorganic particle nanocomposites were successfully prepared by blending the triblock copolymer (PECP) with nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA) or nano‐calcium carbonate (n‐CaCO₃). The hydrogel nanocomposites underwent clear sol–gel transitions with increasing temperature from 0 to 50°C. The obtained hydrogel nanocomposites were investigated by ¹H NMR, FT‐IR, TEM, and DSC. It was found that the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into PECP matrix would lead to the critical gelation temperature (CGT) shifting to lower values compared with the pure PECP hydrogel. The CGT of the hydrogel nanocomposites could be effectively controlled by adjusting PECP concentration or the content of inorganic nanoparticles. The SEM results showed that the interconnected porous structures of hydrogel nanocomposites were potentially useful as injectable scaffolds. In addition, due to the relatively low crystallinity of PECP triblock copolymer, the aqueous solutions of the nanocomposites could be stored at low temperature (5°C) without crystallization for several days, which would facilitate the practical applications. The PECP/bioactive inorganic particle hydrogel nanocomposites are expected to be promising injectable tissue engineering materials for bone repair applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Role of silk fibroin and rice starch on some physical properties of hydroxyapatite‐based composites

The role of organic blends of silk fibroin (SF) and rice starch (RS) in bone composites based on inorganic hydroxyapatite (HA) is studied. The physical property of HA‐based composites prepared by using the sol–gel method from Ca(OH)₂ and H₃PO₄ in ethanol and water solvent (4 : 1 volume ratio) could be improved by adding SF and RS (1 : 2 weight ratio) to HA (7 : 3 weight ratio). The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer spectrum shows that the SF and RS organic phases are blended homogeneously into the HA crystal structure. Addition of SF increases the pore size and surface area of the composites, as measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, but their pore volume is slightly decreased. The values of lattice parameters, crystallinity, and crystallite size, as determined from the field‐emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray diffractometer results, increase after adding RS. The results are agreeable with the increase of their compressive strength and Young's modulus. Thus, the improved physical property of the prepared HA–SF/RS composites is better suited as bone‐filling material than the standard HA or HA‐based composites with either SF or RS only. Therefore, due to its low cost, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity, this innovative solution could be worth taken under consideration by the restorative dental and orthopedic implants industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42722.     

Development of highly reinforced maleated natural rubber nanocomposites based on sol–gel‐derived nano alumina

In the present study, sol–gel synthesized alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. Then, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were employed to improve cure, mechanical, and thermal properties of maleated natural rubber (MNR) nanocomposites. The MNR nanocomposite with 2 phr nano Al₂O₃ exhibited excellent value of cure rate index and exceptionally high value of mechanical properties like modulus and tensile strength in comparison to unfilled MNR compound. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that nano Al₂O₃ was able to improve the thermal stability of MNR composites to some extent. Additionally, the present study revealed that the interfacial interaction between MNR and nano Al₂O₃ was far better than that between NR and nano Al₂O₃ as confirmed from crosslinking degree measurement and morphological analysis. The present article offers a fresh approach to prepare high performance nano Al₂O₃‐based MNR compounds for future industrial application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46248.     

High‐k dielectric composites of poly(2‐cyanoethyl vinyl ether) and barium titanate for flexible electronics

High‐k dielectric composite material for electronic applications was obtained by mixing a polymer with high dielectric constant, poly(2‐cyanoethyl vinyl ether) (CEPVA), and highly crystalline barium titanate (BT). Barium titanate nanoparticles of a size in the range 40–90 nm were prepared by the solvothermal method. By optimizing the reaction conditions, the formation of carbonate impurities and the agglomeration of formed nanoparticles were significantly reduced compared to state‐of‐the‐art procedures. Dielectric spectroscopy was measured in the range of 0.01 Hz to 10 MHz and showed the dielectric constant to be ?′ ～ 35–40 with only 30 vol % content of BT in the composite. Extrapolating to 100% BT nanoparticle concentration and using the Lichtenecker model, the dielectric constant ?′ = 365 ± 27 at 10 kHz was obtained. The relaxation and electrical properties were investigated in depth, and a new relaxation phenomenon was revealed. CEPVA/BT composite is considered suitable for electronic applications, in which high ?′ together with a good mechanical flexibility are required, such as organic field effect transistors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45236.     

Preparation and characterization of electrospun PLA/nanocrystalline cellulose‐based composites

Biodegradable nanocomposites of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) and electrospun poly‐(lactic acid) were prepared via a new mixing technique. Dispersion of hydrophilic NCC in hydrophobic PLA was improved through aqueous mixing and freeze drying of perfectly suspended NCC with PLA nanofibers. Freeze drying produced aerogels with good mechanical integrity. The aerogels were further processed via hot pressing. Resulting composites displayed an improvement in mechanical properties, which was greatest at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of PLA. The optimum compositions were found to be in the 0.5–3% NCC (by weight) range. Experiments performed also showed that due to electrospinning, the crystallinity of the PLA slightly increased and this is accompanied by a decrease in its glass transition temperature. Furthermore, adding NCC to the electrospun PLA matrix did not alter the crystallinity of the final composite. The composites investigated proved their potential to be used in packaging and tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3345–3354, 2013     

Polylactide and hybrid silicasol nanoparticle‐based composites

The effects of the chemical nature and size of the hybrid nanoparticle external layer on the structures and properties of polylactide composites are investigated. Polylactide is used as the matrix polymer, and molecular silicasol particles with γ‐hydroxypropylic, (methoxyacetyl)oxy, and acetoxy surface groups serve as fillers. A preliminary assessment of the thermodynamic compatibility of polylactide with the surface groups of molecular silicasols is performed. The hydrophilic shells of the silicasols prevent their aggregation in the bulk of the nanocomposite. It shows variations in the chemical structure of the surface layer of the nanoparticles as well as their sizes and concentration make it possible to conduct a controlled change of the characteristics of the composites, particularly to eliminate one of the drawbacks of PLA, the low speed of its crystallization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41894.     

The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of sulfonated block copolymers

Block copolymers composed of styrene and different elastomeric blocks were sulfonated to high ion exchange capacities (IECs). Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were added to these polymers to improve their mechanical and thermal stabilities, while influencing their transport properties for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Materials properties as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were analyzed using: FT‐IR, water absorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), IEC, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity studies. Although there was no effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the thermal stability of the membranes, significant changes were observed in the mechanical properties of both sulfonated block copolymers studied. Water absorption increased at low TiO₂ content, but was then reduced with the incorporation of more nanoparticles. To enhance the interaction between the inorganic fillers and the polymers, sulfonic and amino groups were attached to the surface of the titania nanoparticles. The effect of sulfonated nanoparticles on the properties of the materials was more significant than the effect of the amino functionalized nanoparticles on all the properties evaluated, suggesting enhanced chemical interactions with the ionic domains of the polymer membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42651.     

Silver‐releasing and antibacterial activities of polyphenol‐based polyurethanes

Inspired by mussel adhesive proteins, catechol functional groups play an important role in the ability of the mussel to adhere to organic and inorganic surfaces. A novel functional polyurethane (PU) based on hydrolysable tannins that contain a number of catechol groups was successfully synthesized and characterized. These catechol groups were used as a reducer for Ag (I) to form Ag (0), and to prepare polyurethane/silver nanoparticles composites. These kinds of polyurethane containing Ag nanoparticles showed obvious inhibition of bacterial growth because of the conjunct actions of the well‐known antibacterial property of silver and the antifouling property of PEG. It is possible for these materials to be applied widely into antibacterial adhesive coatings for surface modification due to their low cost and the material‐independent adhesive property of catechol groups in tannins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41349.     

Electrolytically exfoliated graphene–polylactide‐based bioplastic with high elastic performance

This work reports an innovative way to prepare biopolymer composite by incorporating graphene (GP) synthesized from electrolytic exfoliation into biodegradable polymer blend (polylactide/epoxidized palm oil: PLA/EPO) based on melt‐blending method and studies their physical properties for food packaging and related applications. Multilayer GP structure synthesized by electrolytic exfoliation is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, whereas homogeneous GP incorporation in PLA/EPO is verified by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. From thermogravimetric analysis and heat deformation temperature (HDT) studies, the decomposition and HDTs of PLA/EPO/GP composites are higher than those of PLA/EPO but are lower than those of pristine PLA and tend to decrease with increasing GP content because of thermal conductivity effect. From standard tensile test, loading of GP in PLA/EPO at an optimal concentration of 0.6 wt % results in higher elongation at break by as much as 52%. The observed additional elongation under a given tension and the corresponding lower tensile strength/Young's modulus may be attributed to lower binding force of materials in the composite because of the presence of relatively weak GP–PLA/EPO interfaces. Moreover, oxygen permeability is found to decrease with increasing GP contents and oxygen permeability is reduced by 40.33% at the GP loading concentration of 0.6 wt %. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41439.     

Effect of ferrocene substituents and ferricinium additive on the properties of polyaniline derivatives and catalytic activities of palladium‐doped poly(m‐ferrocenylaniline)‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions

Poly(aniline‐co‐m‐ferrocenylaniline) and ferricinium‐doped poly(aniline‐co‐m‐ferrocenylaniline) were synthesized by a conventional chemical oxidative polymerization, then characterized by spectroscopic techniques and quantitative analyzes. Increasing of the percentages of m‐ferrocenylaniline in the copolymers resulted to a blue shift of UV–Vis absorption spectra. Broader EPR spectra indicated the loss of conjugation and crystallinity of copolymers. ¹H NMR spectra confirmed the presence of ferrocene moieties and ferricinium in the polymers. The CV measurements showed that the electron withdrawing power of ferrocene moieties could lead to the decreasing of electron delocalization on the polymer main chain. The VSM results showed that as‐prepared copolymers were soft magnetic materials with very low magnetization. Pd‐doped poly(m‐ferrocenylaniline) as catalysts were utilized in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions to improve the catalytic activities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1489–1497, 2013     

Effect of nano‐TiO2 surface modification on polarization characteristics and corona aging performance of polyimide nano‐composites

Using coupling agent isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICTOS) to modified nano‐TiO_2, the polyimide (PI) with different titanium dioxide (TiO₂) contents (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt %) doped nano‐composites were prepared by sol–gel method (PI/TiO_{2 ICTOS} composites). The effect of ICTOS modification on polarization and time‐to‐breakdown properties of composites were investigated by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) method, dielectric, and Corona aging measurements. The TSDC spectra show that ICTOS modification enhanced α‐peak intensity and make β‐peak disappear in composites. Relevant trap parameters were calculated by an approximate model, and the results indicate that introduction of ICTOS is effective for the charge carrier traps, activation energy distribution in composites. Corona aging measurement show corona resistance was also sufficient improved in PI/TiO_{2 ICTOS} composites. The changes of activation energy and intensity of traps in composites may be responsible for the corona resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45101.     

Dual‐bonding structured ternary composite film of poly(vinyl alcohol)–boric acid–nanodiamond

Ternary composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), boric acid (BA), and detonation nanodiamond (DND) were prepared by aqueous solution method. Because of its excellent mechanical/thermal properties and low friction coefficient, DND is expected to offer PVA film superior performance if the puzzles of particle agglomeration in polymer matrix and fragile interface reaction between DND and PVA can be settled. BA was used as a crosslinking agent to form a strong network structure between DND and PVA. Investigation on microstructure of PVA/BA/DND films and bonding mechanisms therein shows that BA, DND, and PVA may crosslink by oxo‐bridges owing to the interaction of hydroxyl groups. The Young's modulus (E) of composite films was enhanced by nearly 3.3 times with only 0.8 wt % DND loading, and the antiwear, thermal stability, and waterproof properties can be significantly improved after the crosslinking. Meanwhile, the transparency of composite films can be well preserved even with large DND content. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45449.     

Antimicrobial cytocompatible pentaerythritol triacrylate‐co‐trimethylolpropane composite scaffolds for orthopaedic implants

As of 2010, 5.3 million orthopedic surgeries are performed each year, and this number is expected to increase to 6.2 million by 2020. On average, 27.7% of all orthopedic surgeries result in infection which often leads to osteomyelitis and the loss of supporting bone. In this study, we describe two synthetic bone grafts, or augmentation methods, for a biodegradable, silver nanoparticle (SNPs) containing antimicrobial scaffolds composed of pentaerythritol triacrylate‐co‐trimethylolpropane tris (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETA) and hydroxyapatite (HA). This osteoinductive and degradable material is designed to stimulate proliferation of bone progenitor cells, and provide controlled release of antimicrobial components. The first method, denoted as the “incorporating method,” involves dissolving SNPs in ethanol, butanol, or isopropanol and directly incorporating the particles into the scaffold prior to polymerization. The second method, “coating method,” involves submerging fabricated scaffolds into their respective SNPs‐solution and mixing for 24 h. The coating method allowed better distribution and release of SNPs from the surface of the composites when exposed to extracellular media. The in vitro release of silver for both methods was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). The scaffolds made by means of the coating method showed increased release of silver with respect to time; no silver leached from the scaffolds formed by the incorporating method. Use of Alamar Blue assay demonstrated that the SNPs incorporation did not affect cell viability when tested with hASCs. The scaffolds formed by the coating method inhibited the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus 99.5% and Escherichia coli by 99.9% within 24 h. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41099.     

Study on the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based nanocomposites reinforced by surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose

As a kind of reinforcing agent, the application of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is widely limited in hydrophobic polymers owing to its rich hydroxyl surface. In this study, NCC was modified with lauric acid/p‐toluensulfonyl chloride mixture, then the modified nanocrystalline cellulose (mNCC) was incorporated into biopolyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3,4)HB) by solution casting to prepare P(3,4)HB/mNCC nanocomposites. The prepared mNCC and P(3,4)HB/mNCC nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, X‐ray diffraction, contact angle test, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetric, polarized optical microscope, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of P(3,4)HB are greatly improved due to the fact that NCC can be modified successfully and the mNCC can distribute uniformly in nanoscale in the matrix with good compatibility along the interface. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2015–2022, 2013     

Modified zeolitic–midazolate framework 8/poly(ether‐block‐amide) mixed‐matrix membrane for propylene and propane separation

In this study, we fabricated a dual‐layer PES–poly(ether‐block‐amide) (PEBA) composite membrane that included zeolitic–midazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8) particles and evaluated it for propylene and propane separation under pure and mixed feed conditions. To improve the performance, compatibility, and distribution of particles in the polymer matrix, the ZIF‐8 particles were modified by 3‐(triethoxysilyl) propyl amine (APTES) and 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl amine (APTMS) amino silane coupling agents. Particle modification did not have much effect on the structure and particle size and slightly reduced the membrane specific surface area. The modified particles tended to be in the soft section. At the high loading rate of modified particles, their appropriate compatibility increased the membrane gas permeability () and selectivity. APTES with the proper chain length compared with APTMS had a higher and the same selectivity. The best performance (by 32.1 gpu) was found in PES–PEBA–ZIF‐8–APTES 20%. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46273.     

Nanoparticles based on β‐conglycinin and chitosan: Self‐assembly,characterization, and drug delivery

The purpose of this study was to fabricate and evaluate nanoparticles based on β‐conglycinin (7S) and chitosan (CS) to deliver 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The nanoparticles were prepared with a self‐assembly method. Turbidity measurements performed at 600 nm were used to investigate the formation of the nanoparticles as a function of the pH, 7S‐to‐CS mass ratio, and total concentration of 7S and CS. The optimum conditions for the preparation of the nanoparticles were a pH of 5.5, a 7S‐to‐CS mass ratio of 4 : 1, and total concentration of 7S and CS of 9 mg/mL. Under these conditions, the nanoparticles in solution had a high turbidity and good stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were formed mainly through electrostatic interactions between the amine groups (? NH₃⁺) of CS and the carboxyl groups (? COO^?) of 7S. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs and dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the nanoparticles had an approximately spherical morphology with a smooth surface, and the mean particle size was about 120 nm with a narrow size distribution. The release of 5‐FU showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release, and the release was pH‐dependent. The release mechanism of 5‐FU was Fickian diffusion according to the Ritger–Peppas model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41963.     

Re‐treated nanocellulose whiskers alongside a polyolefin elastomer to toughen and improve polypropylene composites

Nanocellulose whiskers grafted with a polyolefin elastomer (POE–NCW) were prepared through the reaction of nanocellulose whiskers and a polyolefin elastomer (POE). This was followed by the blending of POE–NCW with polypropylene (PP), and thus, ternary nanocomposites were obtained. When the dosage of POE–NCW was 2%, the tensile strength, storage modulus, and Vicat softening temperature of the ternary nanocomposites increased by 60%, 35%, and 13 °C, respectively. A core–shell‐like cladding structure was formed by the coating of POE on the nanorigid particles; the toughness and rigidity of the composites were both significantly improved, and this prevented brittle fracture under impact and enlarges the range of applications for PP composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46066.     

Reinforced soy protein isolate–based bionanocomposites with halloysite nanotubes via mussel‐inspired dopamine and polylysine codeposition

Fully renewable soy protein isolate (SPI)–based film with rigid strength and sufficient water resistance is difficult to attain. In this study, the mussel‐inspired surface chemistry of ?‐poly‐L‐lysine (?‐PL)/dopamine was exploited for codeposition onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to engineer a multinetwork of HNT/SPI bionanocomposite films via physicochemical bonds. A series of ?‐PL/dopamine aqueous solutions at different concentration ratios were employed. The ?‐PL with abundant cationic amine groups could prevent the overoxidation of dopamine on HNT surfaces, thus maintaining sufficient free catechol groups for highly active reactions that improve the biphase interfacial adhesion. Moreover, HNTs surface entangled by ?‐PL chains could be more compatible with peptides. This codeposition of ?‐PL/dopamine on HNT (DLHNT) surfaces was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared to the control SPI film, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite film (DLHNTs0.5/SPI) was increased from 5.9 MPa to 8.25 MPa, the Young's modulus was improved by 166.4%, and the moisture absorption was reduced to 56.1% (87.2% of the control). In summary, a facile and mild bioinspired surface chemistry of ?‐PL/dopamine codeposition onto HNT surfaces was performed to prepare SPI‐based nanocomposite films with improved interfacial adhesion and benign compatibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46197.     

Controlled co‐delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs from thermosensitive and crystallizable copolymer nanoparticles

Functionalized amphiphilic block copolymers poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐b‐poly(stearyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM‐PSMA) are synthesized. Their self‐assembled core‐shell nanoparticles have the hydrophilic thermosensitive shell and hydrophobic crystallizable core. Nanoparticles exhibit volume phase transition at temperature of 38 °C and its poly(stearyl methacrylate) (PSMA) moiety could form nano size crystals to retain drugs, making them good carriers for drug co‐delivery system. Thermosensitivity and crystallinity of nanoparticles are characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interactions and relationship between chemical structures of copolymer nanoparticles and loading drugs are discussed. Different loading techniques and combined loading of hydrophobic/hydrophilic drugs are studied. Nanoparticles show a good and controllable drug loading capacity (DL) of hydrophilic/hydrophobic drugs. The drugs release kinetics is analyzed with Fick's law and Weibull model. A general method for analyzing drug release kinetics from nanoparticles is proposed. Weibull model is well fitted and the parameters with definite physical meaning are analyzed. PNIPAM‐PSMA nanoparticles show a quite different thermal response, temporal regulation, and sustained release effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, suggesting a promising application in extended and controlled co‐delivery system of multi‐drug. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44132.